{"id":10512,"date":"2023-12-28T17:53:12","date_gmt":"2023-12-28T14:23:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/%d9%88%db%8c%da%98%da%af%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/"},"modified":"2023-12-28T17:53:12","modified_gmt":"2023-12-28T14:23:12","slug":"%d9%88%db%8c%da%98%da%af%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%88%db%8c%da%98%da%af%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%88%db%8c%da%98%da%af%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c\" >\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%88%db%8c%da%98%da%af%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c_%d9%88%db%8c%da%98%da%af%db%8c_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%be%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\" >\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%88%db%8c%da%98%da%af%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#_underscore_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\" >_ (Underscore) \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%88%db%8c%da%98%da%af%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%a7%d8%b4%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%84_%d8%b2%d8%af%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c_regex_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d8%b7%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%82_parse_tree\" >\u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc Regex \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 Parse Tree<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%88%db%8c%da%98%da%af%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%a8%db%8c%d8%b6%db%8c\" >\u0628\u06cc\u0636\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%88%db%8c%da%98%da%af%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86_dir_%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9\" >\u0627\u06cc\u0646 dir() \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%88%db%8c%da%98%da%af%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9_%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a7\" >\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%88%db%8c%da%98%da%af%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%da%af%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b3%d9%87_%d8%b2%d9%86%d8%ac%db%8c%d8%b1%d9%87_%d8%a7%db%8c\" >\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u06cc<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%88%db%8c%da%98%da%af%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86_zip_%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9\" >\u0627\u06cc\u0646 zip() \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%88%db%8c%da%98%da%af%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%af%da%a9%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7\" >\u062f\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%88%db%8c%da%98%da%af%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86_%d8%b2%d9%85%db%8c%d9%86%d9%87_%d9%88_%d8%a8%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c%d9%87_%e2%80%9c%d8%a8%d8%a7%e2%80%9d\" >\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 &#8220;\u0628\u0627&#8221;.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%88%db%8c%da%98%da%af%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%da%98%d9%86%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7_%d9%88_%d8%a8%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c%d9%87_%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%d8%af%d9%87\" >\u0698\u0646\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%88%db%8c%da%98%da%af%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%a7%da%a9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3_%d9%87%d8%a7\" >\u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%88%db%8c%da%98%da%af%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\" >\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 9<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div><noscript><\/noscript><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"introduction\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"exploringpythonshiddenfeatures\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c_%d9%88%db%8c%da%98%da%af%db%8c_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%be%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\"><\/span>\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0642\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0642\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u062c\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0634\u0641 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a <em>\u0648<\/em> \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"the_underscoreinpython\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_underscore_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\"><\/span>_ (Underscore) \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u062e\u0637 (<code>_<\/code>).  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.  \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> _ <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">range<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>):\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Hello, World!\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>_<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>for<\/code> \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u060c <code>_<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\nx, _, y = (<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>) \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 <code>x<\/code> \u0648 <code>y<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u06a9\u0633 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 console\u060c <code>_<\/code> \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span> + <span class=\"hljs-number\">20<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">30<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>_\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">30<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>_<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f!<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"regexdebuggingviaparsetree\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d8%b4%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%84_%d8%b2%d8%af%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c_regex_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d8%b7%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%82_parse_tree\"><\/span>\u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc Regex \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 Parse Tree<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0622\u0646 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.  \u062e\u0648\u0634\u0628\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>re<\/code> \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>re.DEBUG<\/code> \u067e\u0631\u0686\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> re\n\nre.<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">compile<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"(\\d+)\\.(\\d+)\"<\/span>, re.DEBUG)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">SUBPATTERN 1 0 0\n  MAX_REPEAT 1 MAXREPEAT\n    IN\n      CATEGORY CATEGORY_DIGIT\nLITERAL 46\nSUBPATTERN 2 0 0\n  MAX_REPEAT 1 MAXREPEAT\n    IN\n      CATEGORY CATEGORY_DIGIT\n\n 0. INFO 4 0b0 3 MAXREPEAT (to 5)\n 5: MARK 0\n 7. REPEAT_ONE 9 1 MAXREPEAT (to 17)\n11.   IN 4 (to 16)\n13.     CATEGORY UNI_DIGIT\n15.     FAILURE\n16:   SUCCESS\n17: MARK 1\n19. LITERAL 0x2e ('.')\n21. MARK 2\n23. REPEAT_ONE 9 1 MAXREPEAT (to 33)\n27.   IN 4 (to 32)\n29.     CATEGORY UNI_DIGIT\n31.     FAILURE\n32:   SUCCESS\n33: MARK 3\n35. SUCCESS\nre.compile('(\\\\d+)\\\\.(\\\\d+)', re.DEBUG)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a (<code>(\\d+)<\/code> \u0648 <code>(\\d+)<\/code>\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a (<code>.<\/code>).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>re.DEBUG<\/code> \u067e\u0631\u0686\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>re.match()<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 <code>re.search()<\/code> \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f.  \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>re.compile()<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"ellipsis\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a8%db%8c%d8%b6%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0628\u06cc\u0636\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0636\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc (&#8230;) \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u067e\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u061f  \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0636\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062f.  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">my_func<\/span>():<\/span>\n    ...\n    \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0636\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 <code>my_func<\/code> \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0636\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f NumPy.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> numpy <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">as<\/span> np\n\n\narr = np.array((((<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>), (<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>)), ((<span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">8<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">9<\/span>), (<span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">11<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">12<\/span>))))\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(arr(..., <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">(( 3  6)\n ( 9 12))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0636\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"thedirfunction\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86_dir_%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9\"><\/span>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <em>dir()<\/em> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>dir()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c <code>dir()<\/code> \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">x = <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>\ny = <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">dir<\/span>())\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">('__annotations__', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'x', 'y')\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u060c <code>x<\/code> \u0648 <code>y<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u0642\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c <code>dir()<\/code> \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">dir<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Hello, rasanegar!'<\/span>))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">('__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'capitalize', 'casefold', 'center', 'count', 'encode', 'endswith', 'expandtabs', 'find', 'format', 'format_map', 'index', 'isalnum', 'isalpha', 'isascii', 'isdecimal', 'isdigit', 'isidentifier', 'islower', 'isnumeric', 'isprintable', 'isspace', 'istitle', 'isupper', 'join', 'ljust', 'lower', 'lstrip', 'maketrans', 'partition', 'replace', 'rfind', 'rindex', 'rjust', 'rpartition', 'rsplit', 'rstrip', 'split', 'splitlines', 'startswith', 'strip', 'swapcase', 'title', 'translate', 'upper', 'zfill')\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. <code>dir()<\/code> \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0648\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"lambdafunctions\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9_%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a7\"><\/span>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f.  \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">multiply = <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">lambda<\/span> x, y: x * y\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(multiply(<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">20\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f 5 \u0648 4 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 20 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.  \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"chainingcomparisonoperators\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%da%af%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b3%d9%87_%d8%b2%d9%86%d8%ac%db%8c%d8%b1%d9%87_%d8%a7%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0646 1 \u0648 10 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631. \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u062f\u062f <code>and<\/code> \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">x = <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> &lt; x &lt; <span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">True\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c <code>1 &lt; x &lt; 10<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 <code>1 &lt; x and x &lt; 10<\/code>.  \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f <code>True<\/code> \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062f <code>and<\/code> \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u060c <code>1 &lt; x &lt; 10 &lt; x * 10 &lt; 100<\/code> \u06a9\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"thezipfunction\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86_zip_%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9\"><\/span>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <em>zip()<\/em> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 <code>zip()<\/code> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u067e\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 1.5 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">names = (<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Alice\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Bob\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Charlie\"<\/span>)\nages = (<span class=\"hljs-number\">25<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">30<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">35<\/span>)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> name, age <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">zip<\/span>(names, ages):\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">f\"<span class=\"hljs-subst\">{name}<\/span> is <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{age}<\/span> years old.\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">Alice is 25 years old.\nBob is 30 years old.\nCharlie is 35 years old.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>zip()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f &#8211; \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"decorators\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%da%a9%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7\"><\/span>\u062f\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Decorators \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062f\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0622\u0646 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f.  \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0632\u062f.  \u062f\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">log_decorator<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">func<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">wrapper<\/span>():<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Starting operation...\"<\/span>)\n        func()\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Operation finished.\"<\/span>)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> wrapper\n\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">@log_decorator<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">perform_operation<\/span>():<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Performing operation...\"<\/span>)\n\nperform_operation()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">Starting operation...\nPerforming operation...\nOperation finished.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>@log_decorator<\/code> \u062e\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>perform_operation()<\/code> \u0628\u0647 <code>log_decorator()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>log_decorator()<\/code> \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u062f <code>perform_operation()<\/code> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u062f\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.  \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"contextmanagersandthewithstatement\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86_%d8%b2%d9%85%db%8c%d9%86%d9%87_%d9%88_%d8%a8%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c%d9%87_%e2%80%9c%d8%a8%d8%a7%e2%80%9d\"><\/span>\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 &#8220;\u0628\u0627&#8221;.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u067e\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.  \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>with<\/code> \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">with<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">open<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'hello.txt'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'w'<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">as<\/span> f:\n    f.write(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Hello, World!'<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c <code>with<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>f<\/code>.  \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06af\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>with<\/code> \u0645\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u06a9 \u0631\u062e \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>with<\/code> \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u0645\u060c &#8220;\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u062f.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"generatorsandtheyieldstatement\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%da%98%d9%86%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7_%d9%88_%d8%a8%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c%d9%87_%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%d8%af%d9%87\"><\/span>\u0698\u0646\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0698\u0646\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u067e\u0644 \u0647\u0627.  \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc for \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.  \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f <code>yield<\/code> \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>yield<\/code> \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0698\u0646\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>return<\/code> \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0644\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">even_numbers<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">n<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> i <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">range<\/span>(n):\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> i % <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span> == <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">yield<\/span> i\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> number <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> even_numbers(<span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>):\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(number)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">0\n2\n4\n6\n8\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0644\u06cc \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f.  \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0634\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0698\u0646\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06cc \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 range() \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 3 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"metaclasses\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%a7%da%a9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3_%d9%87%d8%a7\"><\/span>\u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a &#8211; \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062b \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0645 <code>type<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633  \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Meta<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\"><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span><\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__new__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">cls, name, bases, attrs<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">f\"Creating a new class named: <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{name}<\/span>\"<\/span>)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">super<\/span>().__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">MyClass<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">metaclass=Meta<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">pass<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> python3 metaclass_example.py<\/span>\nCreating a new class named: MyClass\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c <code>Meta<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062b \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f <code>type<\/code>.  \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f <code>__new__<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>MyClass<\/code> \u0628\u0627 <code>Meta<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u060c <code>__new__<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0632 <code>Meta<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"conclusion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\"><\/span>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0644\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u0641 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>\n                        !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s)\n                        {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?\n                        n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};\n                        if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';\n                        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