{"id":12174,"date":"2023-12-30T20:32:30","date_gmt":"2023-12-30T17:02:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/"},"modified":"2023-12-30T20:32:30","modified_gmt":"2023-12-30T17:02:30","slug":"%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c\" >\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%af%d8%b1%da%a9_%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7_%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%81_%d9%88_%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%aa_%d9%87%d8%a7\" >\u062f\u0631\u06a9 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href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%af_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86_%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7%e2%80%8c%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%8c_%d8%aa%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%be_%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af%da%a9%d8%8c_%d9%88_%da%a9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%e2%80%8c%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%87_%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b9%db%8c\" >\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646: \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9\u060c \u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%b2%da%af%d8%b4%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d8%aa%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%be_%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af%da%a9_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\" >\u0631\u0645\u0632\u06af\u0634\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%da%a9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%87_%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b9%db%8c_%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%ae%d9%84%db%8c_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\" >\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84_1_%d8%aa%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d9%be%d8%b0%db%8c%d8%b1_%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7\" >\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 1: \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84_2_%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8c_%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7\" >\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 2: \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af_%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%b3%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b4%db%8c_%d8%a8%d8%a7_abc_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\" >\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0627 ABC \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%be%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c_%da%86%d9%86%d8%af_%d8%b4%da%a9%d9%84%db%8c_%d8%a8%d8%a7_%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\" >\u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%a8%d9%87%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%af_%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d8%a8%d8%a7_%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7_%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\" 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href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\" >\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 14<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div><noscript><\/noscript><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"introduction\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc 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\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u06cc\u0632\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u06cc <em>\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9<\/em> \u0648 <em>\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0686\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0647 (ABC)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0633\u067e\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 Duck Typing \u0648 ABC \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 ABC \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 ABC \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062e\u0634\u0646\u062f.  \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 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\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0648 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f.  \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0645 <code>Sortable<\/code>\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0631\u067e\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.  \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.  \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u067e\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u061f  \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0631\u067e \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u06cc (ABC) \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644 (\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f) \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a&#8221; \u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 Python \u0627\u0632 Duck Typing \u0648 Abstract Base Classs \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.  \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"thepowerofinterfacesinpythonprogramming\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%82%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%aa_%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7_%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87_%d9%86%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b3%db%8c_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\"><\/span>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648 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\u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. <strong>\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0647\u062f <strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f<\/strong>.  \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f <strong>\u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a<\/strong>.  \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0686\u0633\u0628\u0646\u062f\u060c process \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0630\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f &#8211; <strong>\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0686\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0647<\/strong> (ABCs).  \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f <em>\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f<\/em>\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u062a \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"thepythonapproachinterfacesducktypingandabstractbaseclasses\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%af_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86_%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7%e2%80%8c%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%8c_%d8%aa%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%be_%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af%da%a9%d8%8c_%d9%88_%da%a9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%e2%80%8c%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%87_%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b9%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646: \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9\u060c \u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u060c <em>\u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/em> \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0631\u067e \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u062f <em>\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9<\/em> \u0648 <em>\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0686\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0647 (ABC)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c <em>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646<\/em>.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 <strong>\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9<\/strong>\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a: <strong>&#8220;\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u06a9\u0648\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c Duck Typing \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f (\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f)\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061f  \u062e\u0648\u0628\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u0634\u06cc\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 &#8220;\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637&#8221; \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0647\u0631 \u0634\u06cc\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 &#8220;\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637&#8221; \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 Duck Typing \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f <em>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u062f<\/em> \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f <em>\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d<\/em> \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 <strong>\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0686\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0647<\/strong>.  ABC \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a <em>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u06cc<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 <strong>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u06cc<\/strong> \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 ABC \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0627 <em>\u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/em>.  \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc ABC \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>ABC \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u062f.  \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 API \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 ABC\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc Duck Typing \u0648 Abstract Base \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a.  \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"demystifyingducktypinginpython\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%b2%da%af%d8%b4%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d8%aa%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%be_%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af%da%a9_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\"><\/span>\u0631\u0645\u0632\u06af\u0634\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 <em>\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9<\/em> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.  Duck Typing \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c <em>\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0634\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0645: <em>&#8220;\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a.&#8221;<\/em>.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f (\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f)\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Duck<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">quack<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Quack!\"<\/span>)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Person<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">quack<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"I'm quacking like a duck!\"<\/span>)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">make_it_quack<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">creature<\/span>):<\/span>\n    creature.quack()\n\nduck = Duck()\nperson = Person()\n\nmake_it_quack(duck)  \nmake_it_quack(person)  \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>make_it_quack()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f a \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f <code>quack<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634.  \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f <code>Duck<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641 <code>Person<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc &#8211; \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f <em>\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/em>\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a <em>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Duck Typing \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f &#8220;Implements&#8221; \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u062f (\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f)\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0634\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u06cc (ABC) \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.  \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0686\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0647 (ABC)<\/em> \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 API \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 ABC \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 (\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u06cc) \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 ABC \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062b \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 <em>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u06cc<\/em> \u0645\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 ABC \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 ABC \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> abc <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> ABC, abstractmethod\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">AbstractBird<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">ABC<\/span>):<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">    @abstractmethod<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">fly<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">pass<\/span>\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Sparrow<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">AbstractBird<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">fly<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Sparrow flying\"<\/span>)\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Ostrich<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">AbstractBird<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">fly<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Ostrich trying to fly\"<\/span>)\n\nsparrow = Sparrow()\nostrich = Ostrich()\n\nsparrow.fly()  \nostrich.fly()  \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c <code>AbstractBird<\/code> \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 Abstract \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>fly<\/code>. <code>Sparrow<\/code> \u0648 <code>Ostrich<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062b \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062f <code>AbstractBird<\/code> \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc <code>fly<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 ABC \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>AbstractBird<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f <code>TypeError<\/code>.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 ABC \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 Duck Typing \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c ABC \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.  ABC \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc Duck Typing \u0648 Abstract Base \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2 id=\"harnessingpythonsbuiltinabstractbaseclasses\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%da%a9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%87_%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b9%db%8c_%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%ae%d9%84%db%8c_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\"><\/span>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u06cc (ABC) \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>collections.abc<\/code> \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>Iterable<\/code>\u060c <code>Iterator<\/code>\u060c <code>Sequence<\/code>\u060c <code>MutableSequence<\/code>\u060c \u0648 \u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 ABC \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645!<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"example1theiterableinterface\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84_1_%d8%aa%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d9%be%d8%b0%db%8c%d8%b1_%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7\"><\/span>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 1: <em>\u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631<\/em> \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f <code>Fibonacci<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>Iterable<\/code> \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f <code>for<\/code> \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> collections.abc <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> Iterable\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Fibonacci<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">Iterable<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, stop<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.stop = stop\n        self.a = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>\n        self.b = <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__iter__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> self\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__next__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> self.a &gt; self.stop:\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise<\/span> StopIteration\n        value_to_return = self.a\n        self.a, self.b = self.b, self.a + self.b\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> value_to_return\n\n\nfib = Fibonacci(<span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> num <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> fib:\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(num)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">0\n1\n1\n2\n3\n5\n8\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>Iterable<\/code> \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>__iter__(self)<\/code> \u0648 <code>__next__(self)<\/code> \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"example2thesequenceinterface\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84_2_%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8c_%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7\"><\/span>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 2: <em>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc<\/em> \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>Sequence<\/code> \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>__len__<\/code> \u0648 <code>__getitem__<\/code> \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>len<\/code> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627.  \u0628\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>Range<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0632 <code>Sequence<\/code> \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> collections.abc <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-type\">Sequence<\/span>\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Range<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\"><span class=\"hljs-type\">Sequence<\/span><\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, start, end<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.start = start\n        self.end = end\n        self.values = <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">list<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">range<\/span>(start, end))\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__len__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> self.end - self.start\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__getitem__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, index<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> self.values(index)\n\n\nr = Range(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">len<\/span>(r))  \n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(r(<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>))  \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 ABC \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 <code>collections.abc<\/code> \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c <strong>\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/strong>\u060c \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 ABC \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"craftingcustominterfaceswithpythonsabcs\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af_%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%b3%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b4%db%8c_%d8%a8%d8%a7_abc_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\"><\/span>\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0627 ABC \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc (ABC) \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f <strong>ABC \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc<\/strong> \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0647\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>make_sound<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 <code>Animal<\/code> ABC \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> abc <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> ABC, abstractmethod\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Animal<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">ABC<\/span>):<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">    @abstractmethod<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">make_sound<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">pass<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Dog<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">Animal<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">make_sound<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Woof!\"<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Cat<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">Animal<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">make_sound<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Meow!\"<\/span>\n\ndog = Dog()\ncat = Cat()\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(dog.make_sound())  \n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(cat.make_sound())  \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c <code>Animal<\/code> ABC \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>make_sound<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u06cc <code>Dog<\/code> \u0648 <code>Cat<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062b \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062f <code>Animal<\/code> \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc <code>make_sound<\/code>.  \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc!<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0686\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 Duck Typing \u06cc\u0627 ABC \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u06a9\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"implementingpolymorphismwithpythoninterfaces\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%be%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c_%da%86%d9%86%d8%af_%d8%b4%da%a9%d9%84%db%8c_%d8%a8%d8%a7_%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\"><\/span>\u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><em>\u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0645<\/em>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0686\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 Duck Typing \u06cc\u0627 ABC \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 (\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c MySQL\u060c PostgreSQL\u060c SQLite) \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f (\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c <code>connect<\/code>\u060c <code>disconnect<\/code>\u060c <code>query<\/code>).  \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. <em>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 ABC \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> abc <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> ABC, abstractmethod\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Database<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">ABC<\/span>):<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">    @abstractmethod<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">connect<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">pass<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">    @abstractmethod<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">disconnect<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">pass<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">    @abstractmethod<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">query<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, sql<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">pass<\/span>\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">MySQL<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">Database<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">connect<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"MySQL connection established\"<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">disconnect<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"MySQL connection closed\"<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">query<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, sql<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">f\"Running '<span class=\"hljs-subst\">{sql}<\/span>' \u0631\u0648\u06cc MySQL\"<\/span>\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">PostgreSQL<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">Database<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">connect<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"PostgreSQL connection established\"<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">disconnect<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"PostgreSQL connection closed\"<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">query<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, sql<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">f\"Running '<span class=\"hljs-subst\">{sql}<\/span>' \u0631\u0648\u06cc PostgreSQL\"<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">database_operations<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">database, sql<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(database.connect())\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(database.query(sql))\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(database.disconnect())\n\nmysql = MySQL()\npostgresql = PostgreSQL()\n\ndatabase_operations(mysql, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"SELECT * FROM users\"<\/span>)\ndatabase_operations(postgresql, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"SELECT * FROM products\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">MySQL connection established\nRunning 'SELECT * FROM users' \u0631\u0648\u06cc MySQL\nMySQL connection closed\n\nPostgreSQL connection established\nRunning 'SELECT * FROM products' \u0631\u0648\u06cc PostgreSQL\nPostgreSQL connection closed\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 <code>Database<\/code> \u06cc\u06a9 ABC \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 <code>MySQL<\/code> \u0648 <code>PostgreSQL<\/code> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f <code>database_operations<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 <em>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0645<\/em> &#8211; \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>Database<\/code> \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>connect()<\/code>\u060c <code>disconnect()<\/code>\u060c \u0648 <code>query()<\/code> \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"improvingtestingwithinterfacesinpython\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a8%d9%87%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%af_%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d8%a8%d8%a7_%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7_%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\"><\/span>\u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.  \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645 <em><strong>\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062e\u0631\u0647<\/strong><\/em>  \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0686\u0633\u0628\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 <code>MockDatabase<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>Database<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>MockDatabase<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0645\u0632\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">MockDatabase<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">Database<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">connect<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Mock connection established\"<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">disconnect<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Mock connection closed\"<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">query<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, sql<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">f\"Running '<span class=\"hljs-subst\">{sql}<\/span>' \u0631\u0648\u06cc mock database, returning hard-coded data\"<\/span>\n\n\nmock_database = MockDatabase()\ndatabase_operations(mock_database, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"SELECT * FROM users\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>MockDatabase<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f <code>Database<\/code> ABC\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f <code>Database<\/code> \u0647\u062f\u0641 &#8211; \u0634\u06cc.  \u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a <em>\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/em> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062e\u0634\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2 id=\"pythoninterfaceusagetipsandtricks\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86_%d9%86%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%aa_%d9%88_%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%81%d9%86%d8%af%d9%87%d8%a7\"><\/span>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646: \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0647\u0627<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u067e\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0641 (LSP) \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>LSP\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0634\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u062b \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062b \u0628\u0628\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062b\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062b \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062a\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 Duck Typing \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f (SRP) \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\"><\/span>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.  \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u062e\u0634\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641 \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 Duck Typing \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c <em>\u062a\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0642 \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0641\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u062e\u062a<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f.  \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f. \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>\n                        !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s)\n                        {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?\n                        n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};\n                        if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';\n                        n.queue=();t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;\n                        t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)(0);\n                        s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script',\n                        'https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/fbevents.js');\n                        fbq('init', '525232124909042');\n                        fbq('track', 'PageView');\n                    <\/script>    (\u0628\u0631\u0686\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647)# python<br \/>\n<br \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 1402-12-30 20:32:04<br \/>\n<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;12174&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 (0 \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;30&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} ({count} \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 14<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u06cc 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