{"id":14047,"date":"2024-01-03T23:05:57","date_gmt":"2024-01-03T19:35:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/"},"modified":"2024-01-03T23:05:57","modified_gmt":"2024-01-03T19:35:57","slug":"red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/","title":{"rendered":"Red Hat Enterprise Linux \u2013 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc RHEL \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#%d9%81%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8\" >\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#rhel_%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%9f\" >RHEL \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#%d9%86%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c_%d8%a8%d9%87_%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87_%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c_%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3_%d8%a8%d9%87_%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%aa_%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%84%db%8c_%d9%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa\" >\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#%d8%af%d8%b1%da%a9_%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%88_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c%d9%86_%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa\" >\u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa\" >\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0633\u062a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c%d9%86_%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa\" >\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7_%d9%88_%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9_%d8%ae%d8%b7_%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86_%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c_rhel\" >\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062e\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc RHEL<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#echo\" >echo<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#whoami\" >whoami<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#cat\" >cat<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#touch\" >touch<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#ls\" >ls<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#date\" >date<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#cal\" >cal<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#mkdir\" >mkdir<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#pwd\" >pwd<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#cd\" >cd<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#cp\" >cp<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#mv\" >mv<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#nl\" >nl<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#head\" >head<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#tail\" >tail<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#grep\" >grep<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#wc\" >wc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#cut\" >cut<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4_%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%af_%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%85_%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84_%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3\" >\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#bin_%d8%af%d9%88%d8%af%d9%88%db%8c%db%8c\" >\/bin  (\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u06cc)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#boot\" >\/boot<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#dev_%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%da%af%d8%a7%d9%87\" >\/dev  (\u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#etc_%d9%88_%d8%ba%db%8c%d8%b1%d9%87\" >\/etc  (\u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#home\" >\/home<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#lib_%d9%88_lib64\" >\/lib  \u0648 \/lib64<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#mnt_%da%a9%d9%88%d9%87\" >\/mnt  (\u06a9\u0648\u0647)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#opt_%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c\" >\/opt  (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#proc_%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af\" >\/proc  (\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#root\" >\/root<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#sbin_%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%85_%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c\" >\/sbin  (\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0631\u06cc)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#srv_%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b3\" >\/srv  (\u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#tmp_%d9%85%d9%88%d9%82%d8%aa\" >\/tmp  (\u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#usr_%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9_%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%85_%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b3\" >\/usr  (\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0633)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#var_%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ba%db%8c%d8%b1\" >\/var  (\u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4%da%af%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%85%d8%aa%d9%86\" >\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#vim\" >vim<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa_%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%af%d8%b1_vim\" >\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 Vim:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa_%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ac\" >\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#%d8%b0%d8%ae%db%8c%d8%b1%d9%87_%d9%88_%d8%ae%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ac_%d8%a7%d8%b2_vim\" >\u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0632 Vim:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4_%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4_%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa\" >\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa_%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%db%8c\" >\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-rhel-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af\/#%d8%a8%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%87_%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c\" >\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 18<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<section class=\"post-content \" data-test-label=\"post-content\">\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) \u062e\u0648\u0634 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u062f!  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a RHEL \u0628\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"table-of-contents\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%81%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8\"><\/span>\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>RHEL \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062e\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc RHEL<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"what-is-rhel\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"rhel_%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%9f\"><\/span>RHEL \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>RHEL \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a. <\/p>\n<p>RHEL \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 Red Hat \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0622\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>RHEL \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u063a\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"no-need-to-set-up-linux-locally\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c_%d8%a8%d9%87_%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87_%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c_%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3_%d8%a8%d9%87_%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%aa_%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%84%db%8c_%d9%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa\"><\/span>\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc <\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u06a9\u0627\u0648\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"understanding-upstream-downstream\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b1%da%a9_%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%88_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c%d9%86_%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa\"><\/span>\u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"upstream\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa\"><\/span>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0633\u062a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Upstream \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 Red Hat Enterprise (RHEL)\u060c \u0641\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>RHEL \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 RHEL \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"downstream\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c%d9%86_%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa\"><\/span>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Downstream \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>CentOS\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 RHEL \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062f RHEL \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0644 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u062f RHEL \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>Downstream \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"essential-rhel-command-line-tools-and-functions\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7_%d9%88_%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9_%d8%ae%d8%b7_%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86_%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c_rhel\"><\/span>\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062e\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc RHEL<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0645\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"echo\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"echo\"><\/span><code>echo<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>echo<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f command-line \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"syntax-\">\u0646\u062d\u0648:<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">echo [OPTIONS] [STRING]<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5 id=\"examples-\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<\/h5>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u062a\u0646:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">echo \"Hello, World!\"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647 print \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">name=\"John\"\necho \"Hello, $name\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.  \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>$<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645 to print \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>echo<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0634 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f <code>\\<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627. <\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u06cc \u062a\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>\\n<\/code>: \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><code>\\t<\/code>: \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0642\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><code>\\<\/code>: \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>\\<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0634 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><code>\\\"<\/code>  : \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 <code>-e<\/code> \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 <code>echo<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631. <code>-e<\/code> \u062a\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"examples--1\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<\/h5>\n<p>\u0686\u0627\u067e \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">echo -e \"This is a new line.\\nThis is another line.\"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u062e\u0637 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f.  \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"whoami\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"whoami\"><\/span><code>whoami<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>whoami \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"example\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">whoami<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0646 <code>whoami<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 terminal \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;Kedar&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>Kedar<\/code>.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"cat\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"cat\"><\/span><code>cat<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 cat \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0632 &#8220;concatenate&#8221; \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"syntax--1\">\u0646\u062d\u0648:<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat [OPTIONS] [FILE(s)]<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5 id=\"examples--2\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<\/h5>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat filename.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a filename.txt \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f terminal.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat file1.txt file2.txt &gt; combined.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062f file1.txt \u0648 file2.txt \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 Combined.txt \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u0632 <code>cat<\/code> \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>&gt;<\/code> (\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f\/\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc) \u06cc\u0627 <code>&gt;&gt;<\/code> (\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat &gt; newfile.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f terminal\u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 Ctrl + D \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 newfile.txt \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat &gt;&gt; existingfile.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 existfile.txt \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627:<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0637 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 <code>-n<\/code> \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u0628\u0647<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat -n filename.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631 ($) \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 <code>$<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>-E<\/code> \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627 <code>cat<\/code> \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat -E filename.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"touch\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"touch\"><\/span><code>touch<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u064f\u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"syntax--2\">\u0646\u062d\u0648:<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">touch [OPTIONS] [FILE(s)]<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5 id=\"examples--3\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<\/h5>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">touch newfile.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 newfile.txt \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">touch file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 (file1.txt\u060c file2.txt\u060c file3.txt) \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0641\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">touch file{1..3}.txt  <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f <code>file1.txt<\/code>\u060c <code>file2.txt<\/code> \u0648 <code>file3.txt<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"ls\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ls\"><\/span><code>ls<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>ls<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"syntax--3\">\u0646\u062d\u0648:<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">ls [OPTIONS] [DIRECTORY\/PATH_OF_DIRECTORY]<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5 id=\"examples--4\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<\/h5>\n<p>\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">ls<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">ls \/custom\/path<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\/custom\/path \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0641\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">ls -a\nls -a \/custom\/path<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>-a<\/code> \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0641\u06cc (\u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 .hiddenfile) \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a\/\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">ls -l \/custom\/path<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0645\u0648\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0647 <code>ls -l<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\/\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">ls -h \/custom\/path<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 (\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0645\u06af\u0627\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062a) \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">ls -t \/custom\/path<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">ls -la \/custom\/path<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0641\u06cc (-a) \u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 (-l) \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"date\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"date\"><\/span><code>date<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 date \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"syntax--4\">\u0646\u062d\u0648:<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">date [OPTIONS]<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5 id=\"examples--5\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<\/h5>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">date<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">date MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>MM: \u0645\u0627\u0647 (01-12)<\/li>\n<li>DD: \u0631\u0648\u0632 (01-31)<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a: \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a (00-23)<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0631: \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647 (00-59)<\/li>\n<li>CC: \u0642\u0631\u0646 (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 2000)<\/li>\n<li>YY: \u0633\u0627\u0644 (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c 00-99)<\/li>\n<li>.ss: \u062b\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c 00-61)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0627<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">date +\"%A, %B %d, %Y\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>%A = \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0641\u062a\u0647 (\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0628\u0647)<\/li>\n<li>%B = \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0647 (\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0698\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0647)<\/li>\n<li>%d = \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0647 (\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 01)<\/li>\n<li>%Y = \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f <code>Saturday, December 16, 1402<\/code>.  \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>man date<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f<\/strong>: \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>man your_command<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"cal\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"cal\"><\/span><code>cal<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>cal<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"syntax--5\">\u0646\u062d\u0648:<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cal [OPTIONS] [MONTH] [YEAR]<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5 id=\"examples--6\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<\/h5>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cal<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cal 12 1402<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631 1402 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cal 1402<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f 1 \u0698\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 15 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0646 (JDN) \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc 1 \u0698\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0647 4713 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 1 \u0698\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0647 4713 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0698\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0631\u0648\u06cc.  \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cal -j 12 1402<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631 1402 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"mkdir\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"mkdir\"><\/span><code>mkdir<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. <code>mkdir<\/code> \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 <code>Make Directory<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"syntax--6\">\u0646\u062d\u0648:<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">mkdir [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY_NAME(s)<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5 id=\"examples--7\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<\/h5>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">mkdir new_directory<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 new_directory \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">mkdir dir1 dir2 dir3<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc dir1\u060c dir2 \u0648 dir3 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 n \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f (\u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641) &#8211; \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f dir1\u060c dir2\u060c dir3\u060c \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u2013 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0631.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">mkdir dir{1..5}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 dir1 \u062a\u0627 dir5 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">mkdir -p parent\/child\/grandchild<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>-p<\/code> \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f: \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f \u2192 \u0641\u0631\u0632\u0646\u062f \u2192 \u0646\u0648\u0647.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"pwd\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"pwd\"><\/span><code>pwd<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 pwd \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 &#8220;print \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc.&#8221; \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"example-\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">pwd<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"cd\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"cd\"><\/span><code>cd<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 cd \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  cd \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 <code>Change Directory<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"syntax--7\">\u0646\u062d\u0648:<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cd [DIRECTORY_PATH]<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5 id=\"examples--8\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<\/h5>\n<p>\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cd \/path\/to\/directory<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f &#8211; \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \/path\/to\/directory.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cd ..<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>..<\/code>  \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cd<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 <code>cd<\/code> \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cd -<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"cp\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"cp\"><\/span><code>cp<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>cp<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"syntax--8\">\u0646\u062d\u0648:<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cp [OPTIONS] SOURCE DESTINATION<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5 id=\"examples--9\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<\/h5>\n<p>\u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cp file.txt \/path\/to\/destination\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 file.txt \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 (\/path\/to\/destination\/) \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cp file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt \/path\/to\/destination\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 (file1.txt\u060c file2.txt\u060c file3.txt) \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0646:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cp -r directory1 \/path\/to\/destination\/\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>-r<\/code> (\u06cc\u0627 <code>-R<\/code>) \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 directory1 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"mv\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"mv\"><\/span><code>mv<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>mv<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"syntax--9\">\u0646\u062d\u0648:<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">mv [OPTIONS] SOURCE DESTINATION<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5 id=\"examples--10\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<\/h5>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">mv file.txt \/path\/to\/destination\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 file.txt \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 (\/path\/to\/destination\/) \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c file.txt \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">mv old_name.txt new_name.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 old_name.txt \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 new_name.txt \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>-i<\/code>: \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><code>-u<\/code>: \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"nl\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"nl\"><\/span><code>nl<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>nl<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"syntax--10\">\u0646\u062d\u0648:<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">nl [OPTIONS] [FILE]<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5 id=\"examples--11\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<\/h5>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">nl filename<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f (<code>filename<\/code>) \u0648 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">nl -ba filename<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f (the <code>-b<\/code> \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u06a9 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>a<\/code> \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a).<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"head\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"head\"><\/span><code>head<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>head<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"syntax--11\">\u0646\u062d\u0648:<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">head [OPTIONS] [FILE(s)]<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5 id=\"example--1\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/h5>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 n \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">head -n 10 filename<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 10 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"tail\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tail\"><\/span><code>tail<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>tail<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"syntax--12\">\u0646\u062d\u0648:<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">tail [OPTIONS] [FILE(s)]<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5 id=\"example--2\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/h5>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 n \u062e\u0637 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">tail -n 10 filename<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 10 \u062e\u0637 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"grep\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"grep\"><\/span><code>grep<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>grep<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0637 \u0648 print \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"syntax--13\">\u0646\u062d\u0648:<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">grep [OPTIONS] PATTERN [FILE(s)]<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5 id=\"examples--12\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<\/h5>\n<p>\u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">grep \"pattern\" filename<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 &#8220;pattern&#8221; \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f (<code>filename<\/code>) \u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0648 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">grep -i \"pattern\" filename<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648&#8221; \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f (<code>filename<\/code>) \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">grep -e \"pattern1\" -e \"pattern2\" filename<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 &#8220;pattern1&#8221; \u0648 &#8220;pattern2&#8221; \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f (<code>filename<\/code>) \u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"wc\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"wc\"><\/span><code>wc<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>wc<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 &#8220;\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a command-line \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"syntax--14\">\u0646\u062d\u0648:<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">wc [OPTIONS] [FILE(s)]<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5 id=\"examples--13\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<\/h5>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">wc -l filename<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f (<code>filename<\/code>).<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">wc -w filename<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">wc filename<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"options-and-flags-for-wc-\">\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0686\u0645 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc <code>wc<\/code>:<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><code>-l<\/code>: \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><code>-w<\/code>: \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><code>-m<\/code>: \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><code>-c<\/code>: \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 <code>-m<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f).<\/li>\n<li><code>-L<\/code>: \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><code>-h<\/code>: \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f (\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c <code>1.2K<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc 1200).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"cut\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"cut\"><\/span><code>cut<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>cut<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 (\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc) \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"syntax--15\">\u0646\u062d\u0648:<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cut [OPTIONS] [FILE(s)]<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5 id=\"examples--14\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<\/h5>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cut -d',' -f 1,3 filename.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 CSV \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f (<code>filename.txt<\/code>) \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0627 (<code>-d','<\/code> \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cut -c 1-5 filename.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc 1 \u062a\u0627 5 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f (<code>filename.txt<\/code>).<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062f <code>man you_command<\/code>.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. <code>man stands for manual.<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c RHEL \u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"how-the-linux-file-system-works\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4_%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%af_%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%85_%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84_%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3\"><\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u060c root \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627 <code>\/<\/code>  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0631 RHEL \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a root \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627:<\/p>\n<figure class=\"kg-card kg-image-card kg-width-wide kg-card-hascaption\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Frame-1000004540.svg.svg+xml\" class=\"kg-image\" alt=\"\u0642\u0627\u0628-1000004540\" width=\"1054\" height=\"391\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\"><figcaption>\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"-bin-binary-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"bin_%d8%af%d9%88%d8%af%d9%88%db%8c%db%8c\"><\/span><code>\/bin<\/code>  (\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u06cc)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc (\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a) \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>ls<\/code>\u060c <code>cp<\/code>\u060c <code>mv<\/code>\u060c <code>rm<\/code>\u060c \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"-boot\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"boot\"><\/span><code>\/boot<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f: \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"-dev-device-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"dev_%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%da%af%d8%a7%d9%87\"><\/span><code>\/dev<\/code>  (\u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc USB\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"-etc-etcetera-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"etc_%d9%88_%d8%ba%db%8c%d8%b1%d9%87\"><\/span><code>\/etc<\/code>  (\u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f: \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"-home\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"home\"><\/span><code>\/home<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f <code>\/home<\/code> \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"-lib-and-lib64\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"lib_%d9%88_lib64\"><\/span><code>\/lib<\/code>  \u0648 <code>\/lib64<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"-mnt-mount-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"mnt_%da%a9%d9%88%d9%87\"><\/span><code>\/mnt<\/code>  (\u06a9\u0648\u0647)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f: \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc USB\u060c \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"-opt-optional-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"opt_%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c\"><\/span><code>\/opt<\/code>  (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"-proc-process-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"proc_%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af\"><\/span><code>\/proc<\/code>  (\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f: \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"-root\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"root\"><\/span><code>\/root<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 (root).<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 root \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"-sbin-system-binary-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"sbin_%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%85_%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c\"><\/span><code>\/sbin<\/code>  (\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0631\u06cc)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"-srv-service-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"srv_%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b3\"><\/span><code>\/srv<\/code>  (\u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"-tmp-temporary-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tmp_%d9%85%d9%88%d9%82%d8%aa\"><\/span><code>\/tmp<\/code>  (\u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f.  \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"-usr-unix-system-resources-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"usr_%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9_%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%85_%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b3\"><\/span><code>\/usr<\/code>  (\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0633)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"-var-variable-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"var_%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ba%db%8c%d8%b1\"><\/span><code>\/var<\/code>  (\u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c print \u0635\u0641 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"text-editors\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4%da%af%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%85%d8%aa%d9%86\"><\/span>\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f terminal\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u062a \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u0645\u0627 Vim \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a. <\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a Vim \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0646\u062d\u0648\u060c \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f Vim\u060c \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062d\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"vim\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vim\"><\/span>vim<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Vim \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  Vim \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 &#8220;Vi IMproved&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>vi<\/code> \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631  \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc Vim \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645.  \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 Vim \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 Vim \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">vim [OPTIONS] [FILE(s)]<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"modes-in-vim-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa_%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%af%d8%b1_vim\"><\/span>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 Vim:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 Vim\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc &#8211; \u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0648 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u06cc &#8211; \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f process. <\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 Vim \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f.  \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0648\u06a9 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f.  \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 Vim \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc:<\/strong> \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u062a\u0646<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0631\u06cc:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0644\u0648\u06a9 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"editing-in-insert-mode-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa_%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ac\"><\/span>\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 Vim \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>i<\/code> \u0648 Vim \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0634\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f &#8211; INSERT &#8211; \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f.  \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f Esc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0632\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a <code>i<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a <code>Esc<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"saving-and-exiting-vim-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b0%d8%ae%db%8c%d8%b1%d9%87_%d9%88_%d8%ae%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ac_%d8%a7%d8%b2_vim\"><\/span>\u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0632 Vim:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0632 Vim \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>:wq<\/code> (\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u00ab\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u00bb \u0627\u0633\u062a) \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0632 Vim\u060c \u00abEnter\u00bb \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0632\u0646\u06cc\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0686\u0647\u061f  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f <code>:q!<\/code> \u0648 &#8220;Enter&#8221; \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 Vim \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 <code>:wq<\/code> \u0648 <code>:q!<\/code>\u060c \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 Vim\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u060c \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>:wq<\/code> (\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c) \u0648 Enter \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>:q!<\/code> \u0648 Enter \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"how-to-edit-commands\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4_%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4_%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa\"><\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>esc<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 (\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c <code>:w<\/code>) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>:w<\/code> \u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f &#8220;Enter&#8221; \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0632\u0646\u06cc\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>dd<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 (\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc) \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>dd<\/code> \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f &#8216;d&#8217; \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f &#8216;esc&#8217; \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"insert-mode-example-\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>i<\/code>: \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">vim example.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0647\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 &#8216;h&#8217;\u060c &#8216;j&#8217;\u060c &#8216;k&#8217;\u060c &#8216;l&#8217; \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;i&#8221; \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u060c &#8216;Esc&#8217; \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"deleting-and-changing-text-\">\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>dw<\/code>: \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647.<\/li>\n<li><code>dd<\/code>: \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0644 \u062e\u0637.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">vim example.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a <code>dd<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"copy-cut-and-paste-\">\u06a9\u067e\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0648 \u0686\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>yy<\/code>: \u062e\u0637 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc (yank) \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><code>yw<\/code>: \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><code>p<\/code>: \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0686\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><code>P<\/code>: \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0686\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">vim example.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637: \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>yy<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0634 (\u062d\u0630\u0641) \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637: \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>dd<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647: \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>p<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 <code>P<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"searching-\">\u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>\/pattern<\/code>: \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li><code>?pattern<\/code>: \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u00bb \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><code>n<\/code>: \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><code>N<\/code>: \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>vim example.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f &#8220;\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644&#8221;: \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>\/<\/code> \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>example<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 <code>Enter<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u062e\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc: \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>n<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u062e\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc: \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>N<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"replace-\">\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>:%s\/old\/new\/g<\/code>: \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc &#8220;\u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc&#8221; \u0628\u0627 &#8220;\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f&#8221; \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0631\u06cc.<\/li>\n<li><code>:s\/old\/new\/g<\/code>: \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u00ab\u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u00bb \u0628\u0627 \u00ab\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u00bb \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062e\u0637 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc<\/li>\n<li><code>:s\/old\/new\/gc<\/code>: \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u00ab\u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u00bb \u0628\u0627 \u00ab\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">vim example.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f &#8220;oldword&#8221; \u0628\u0627 &#8220;newword&#8221;: \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>:%s\/oldword\/newword\/g<\/code> \u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>Enter<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"saving-\">\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>:w<\/code>: \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><code>:wq<\/code>  \u06cc\u0627 <code>ZZ<\/code>: \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><code>:x<\/code>: \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f (\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>:wq<\/code>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">vim example.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644: \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>:w<\/code> \u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>Enter<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"quitting-\">\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>:q<\/code>: \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c (\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f).<\/li>\n<li><code>:q!<\/code>: \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">vim example.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>:q!<\/code> \u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>Enter<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c: \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>:wq<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 <code>ZZ<\/code> \u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>Enter<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"practical-exercises\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa_%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%db%8c\"><\/span>\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f Red Hat Enterprise.  \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f terminal \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0632\u06cc\u0631:<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"essential-command-line-tools-functions-\">\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>echo<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>whoami<\/code> \u0628\u0647 print \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc<\/li>\n<li>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>example.txt<\/code> \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>cat<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>touch<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644: <code>file1.txt<\/code>\u060c <code>file2.txt<\/code>\u060c \u0648 <code>file3.txt<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0627 <code>ls<\/code> \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631: <code>-a<\/code>\u060c <code>-l<\/code>\u060c <code>-h<\/code>\u060c <code>-t<\/code>\u060c \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>date<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"linux-file-system-exploration-\">\u06a9\u0627\u0648\u0634 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>mkdir<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627: <code>\/bin<\/code>\u060c <code>\/boot<\/code>\u060c <code>\/home<\/code>\u060c <code>\/etc<\/code>\u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647 <code>\/var<\/code> \u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>pwd<\/code> \u0628\u0647 print \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"text-editing-with-vim-\">\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0627 Vim:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>sample.txt<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0646 <code>sample.txt<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 <code>vim<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u060c \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u0648 \u0686\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"file-operations-\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u06a9\u067e\u06cc \ud83c\udc04 <code>sample.txt<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 <code>\/tmp<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 <code>cp<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a <code>sample.txt<\/code> \u0628\u0647 <code>\/var<\/code> \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>mv<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 <code>sample.txt<\/code> \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>rm<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"inspecting-file-system-information-\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>ls -l<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0631 <code>\/usr\/bin<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"basic-searches-and-text-manipulation-\">\u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>grep<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>example.txt<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 <code>sed<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"advanced-file-management-\">\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>\/opt\/program\/scripts<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 <code>mkdir -p<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a <code>file1.txt<\/code> \u0648 <code>file2.txt<\/code> \u0628\u0647 <code>\/opt\/program<\/code> \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"reflection-and-documentation-\">\u0627\u0646\u0639\u06a9\u0627\u0633 \u0648 Documentation:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0622\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0631\u0648 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"review-questions-\">\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061f  \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0634 \u06a9\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u061f  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061f  \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a <code>file1.txt<\/code> \u0648 <code>file3.txt<\/code> \u0628\u0647 <code>folderA<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u061f  \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061f  \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc <code>RHCSA_Practice<\/code> \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f\u061f  \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>file2.txt<\/code> \u0628\u0647 <code>important_file.txt<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0641\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u061f  \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0641\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 id=\"wrapping-up\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a8%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%87_%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc Red Hat (RHEL) \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u067e\u0627\u0633\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0645.  \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u063a\u0648\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Kedar__98\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u062a\u0631<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 1403-01-03 23:05:09<br \/>\n<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;14047&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 (0 \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;30&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Red Hat Enterprise Linux \u2013 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc RHEL \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} ({count} \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 18<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) \u062e\u0648\u0634 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u062f! \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a RHEL \u0628\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c 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