{"id":14576,"date":"2024-01-05T15:10:51","date_gmt":"2024-01-05T11:40:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-react-%d8%a8%d8%a7\/"},"modified":"2024-01-05T15:10:51","modified_gmt":"2024-01-05T11:40:51","slug":"%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-react-%d8%a8%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-react-%d8%a8%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u062a 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href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-react-%d8%a8%d8%a7\/#%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87_%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c_%d9%be%d8%b1%d9%88%da%98%d9%87\" >\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-react-%d8%a8%d8%a7\/#%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa_%d9%85%d9%88%d9%84%d9%81%d9%87_%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%af%d9%87\" >\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-react-%d8%a8%d8%a7\/#%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af_%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c_%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%be%d9%88%d9%86%d9%86%d8%aa_%d9%87%d8%a7\" >\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0648\u0646\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0627<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-react-%d8%a8%d8%a7\/#%d8%a2%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4_%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%af%d9%87_%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84%db%8c%d9%87\" >\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-react-%d8%a8%d8%a7\/#%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d8%af%da%a9%d9%85%d9%87_%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b2%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4\" >\u062a\u0633\u062a \u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647 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href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-react-%d8%a8%d8%a7\/#%d8%af%da%a9%d9%85%d9%87_%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87_%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c_%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%af%d8%af_%d8%b1%d8%a7_%d8%a2%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4_%da%a9%d9%86%db%8c%d8%af\" >\u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-react-%d8%a8%d8%a7\/#%d8%a2%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4_%d8%af%da%a9%d9%85%d9%87_%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%aa_%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a6%db%8c%da%86\" >\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-react-%d8%a8%d8%a7\/#%d8%a8%d9%87%d8%aa%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4_%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af\" >\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-react-%d8%a8%d8%a7\/#%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\" >\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 19<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"content\"><noscript><\/p>\n<style>.lazyload-placeholder { display: none;  }<\/style>\n<p><\/noscript><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"introduction\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.  \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0634\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0628 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0634\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a.  \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a <em>\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u06a9\u0646!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0647 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\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc React \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0646 <em>&#8220;\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627&#8221;<\/em>\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06af\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc React \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 React \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc 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\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2 id=\"whatistesting\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%9f\"><\/span>\u062a\u0633\u062a \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0686\u0634\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645. <em>\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646<\/em> \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0631\u06af\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 <em>\u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/em> \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632 &#8211; \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <em>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0632<\/em>\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0631\u0648\u0634  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\/\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647 \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. <em>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631<\/em>.  \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 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\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0634\u062a \u0633\u0631 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0645\u06cc\u0632\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc!<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f <em>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646<\/em> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u06cc <em>\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646<\/em> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062c\u06cc \u0648 \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.  \u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <em>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0631<\/em>\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u06a9\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0634\u062a \u0633\u0631 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627) \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"approachestotesting\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%a2%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4\"><\/span>\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f: <em>\u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc<\/em> \u0648 <em>\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631<\/em>.  \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u062a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"manualtesting\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%db%8c\"><\/span>\u062a\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f 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\u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062f\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0645 \u062b\u0628\u062a\u200c\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f process\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 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\u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a \u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u062a\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a &#8211; \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645!<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"automatedtesting\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%af%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1\"><\/span>\u062a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06a9\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f.  \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f <em>\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f 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id=\"%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9_%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa\"><\/span>\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u062a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645.  \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062b \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc front-end \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f 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\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong>: \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.  \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<br \/>\n\u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0635\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0632\u0627 \u0686\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647\u200c\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<br \/>\n\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.  \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <em>\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u0631 container<\/em>.  \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc Docker \u0648 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 <\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 Cypress \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f &#8211; \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f <em>&#8220;\u062a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0628\u0627 Cypress&#8221;<\/em>!<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"advantagesanddisadvantagesoftesting\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b2%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%a7_%d9%88_%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%a8_%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa\"><\/span>\u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u062a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"advantages\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b2%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%a7%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0633\u0631\u0641\u062a \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0633\u062a \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"disadvantages\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%a8\"><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0628<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u062a \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\/\u062e\u0648\u0634 \u062e\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"overviewofunittesting\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c_%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8c_%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af\"><\/span>\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0645. <strong>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc React \u0628\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645!<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 <em>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0628<\/em> \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0622\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u06af \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0636\u0639\u06cc\u0641 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u062c \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a process \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647  \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a process \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc.  \u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"prosofunittests\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%aa_%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a8%d8%aa_%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af\"><\/span>\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f (\u0686\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0686\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f)\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631.  \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"consofunittests\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%a8_%d8%a2%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%88%d9%86_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af\"><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0628 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.  \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u062f refactoring \u0627\u0633\u062a <em>\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc<\/em>\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.  \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f &#8211; \u0647\u06cc\u0686 <em>\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634<\/em> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647  \u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0622\u0644 &#8211; \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"unittestingareactapplicationdemoproject\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af_%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%db%8c%da%a9_react_application_%e2%80%93_demo_project\"><\/span>\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 React Application &#8211; Demo Project<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 React \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645!<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 Counter \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.  \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"projectsetup\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87_%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c_%d9%be%d8%b1%d9%88%da%98%d9%87\"><\/span>\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>create-react-app<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u06cc\u0645 React\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 React \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627 <em>\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0648\u062e\u06cc<\/em>.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>package.json<\/code> \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 <em>\u0634\u0648\u062e\u06cc<\/em> \u0648 <em>\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634<\/em> \u062f\u0631 <code>setupTests.js<\/code> \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644.  \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc Jest \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645!<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062f &#8211; \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>npx<\/code>\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> npx create-react-app react-unit-tests<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 React \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f <code>react-unit-tests<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> create-react-app react-unit-tests<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> <code>npx<\/code>  \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>create-react-app<\/code>\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>npx<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>\u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">cd<\/span> react-unit-tests &amp;&amp; npm start<\/span>\n\/\/ OR\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">cd<\/span> react-unit-tests &amp;&amp; yarn start<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06af\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f <code>localhost:3000<\/code>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 <em>\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0627\u063a \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f<\/em>\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a <code>nodemon<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"buildingthecountercomponent\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa_%d9%85%d9%88%d9%84%d9%81%d9%87_%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%af%d9%87\"><\/span>\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 <code>src<\/code> \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>Counter.js<\/code>.  \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 <code>Counter.js<\/code>\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0648\u0646\u0646\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 <code>increment()<\/code>\u060c <code>decrement()<\/code>\u060c <code>restart()<\/code>\u060c \u0648 <code>switchSign()<\/code>\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0639\u06a9\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 (\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f) \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ Counter.js<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> React, { useState } <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"react\"<\/span>;\n\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">function<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Counter<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">{ initialCount }<\/span>) <\/span>{\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">const<\/span> (count, setCount) = useState(initialCount);\n\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">const<\/span> increment = <span class=\"hljs-function\">() =&gt;<\/span> {\n    setCount(<span class=\"hljs-function\">(<span class=\"hljs-params\">prev<\/span>) =&gt;<\/span> prev + <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>);\n  };\n\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">const<\/span> decrement = <span class=\"hljs-function\">() =&gt;<\/span> {\n    setCount(<span class=\"hljs-function\">(<span class=\"hljs-params\">prev<\/span>) =&gt;<\/span> prev - <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>);\n  };\n\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">const<\/span> restart = <span class=\"hljs-function\">() =&gt;<\/span> {\n    setCount(<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>);\n  };\n\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">const<\/span> switchSign = <span class=\"hljs-function\">() =&gt;<\/span> {\n    setCount(<span class=\"hljs-function\">(<span class=\"hljs-params\">prev<\/span>) =&gt;<\/span> prev * -<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>);\n  };\n\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> (\n    <span class=\"xml\"><span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">div<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n      <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">h1<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n        Count: <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">h3<\/span>&gt;<\/span>{count}<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">h3<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n      <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">h1<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n      <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">div<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">button<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">onClick<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">{increment}<\/span>&gt;<\/span>Increment<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">button<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">button<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">onClick<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">{decrement}<\/span>&gt;<\/span>Decrement<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">button<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">button<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">onClick<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">{restart}<\/span>&gt;<\/span>Restart<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">button<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">button<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">onClick<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">{switchSign}<\/span>&gt;<\/span>Switch sign<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">button<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n      <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">div<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">div<\/span>&gt;<\/span><\/span>\n  );\n}\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">export<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">default<\/span> Counter;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0633\u067e\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>App.js<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ App.js<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\".\/App.css\"<\/span>;\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> Counter <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\".\/Counter\"<\/span>;\n\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">function<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">App<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\"><\/span>) <\/span>{\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> (\n    <span class=\"xml\"><span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">div<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">className<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"App\"<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n      <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">Counter<\/span> \/&gt;<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">div<\/span>&gt;<\/span><\/span>\n  );\n}\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">export<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">default<\/span> App;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06af\u0631:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/definitive-guide-to-unit-testing-in-react-applications-with-jest-and-react-testing-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"creatingtestsforcomponents\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af_%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c_%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%be%d9%88%d9%86%d9%86%d8%aa_%d9%87%d8%a7\"><\/span>\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0648\u0646\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0627<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>Counter.test.js<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0641\u0647 Counter.  \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>App.test.js<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0633\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>.test.js<\/code>\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\/\u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645) \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f <code>\/test<\/code> \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627 <em>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc<\/em> \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0634\u0645\u0627 root \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 <code>Counter.test.js<\/code>\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 import \u0631\u0627 <code>Counter<\/code> \u062c\u0632\u0621\u060c \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 <code>describe()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0648\u0646\u0646\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u06cc\u0641\u062a\u062f.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>describe()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u062e \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 <code>it()<\/code> \u0648 <code>test()<\/code> \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. <code>it()<\/code> \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc React \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a React \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"testingtheinitialcountervalue\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a2%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4_%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%af%d9%87_%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84%db%8c%d9%87\"><\/span>\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f &#8211; \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0686\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a <em>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647<\/em> \u0648 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0648\u0646\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 <code>it()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u06a9\u0647 <code>0<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0631\u062e \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ Counter.test.js<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> { render, screen } <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"@testing-library\/react\"<\/span>;\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> Counter <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\".\/Counter\"<\/span>;\n\ndescribe(Counter, <span class=\"hljs-function\">() =&gt;<\/span> {\n  it(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"counter displays correct initial count\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-function\">() =&gt;<\/span> {\n    render(<span class=\"xml\"><span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">Counter<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">initialCount<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">{0}<\/span> \/&gt;<\/span><\/span>);\n    expect(screen.getByTestId(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"count\"<\/span>).textContent).toEqual(<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>);\n  });\n});\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 <code>screen<\/code> \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 React Testing \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0648\u0646\u0646\u062a <em>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc<\/em>.  \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 <code>&lt;h3&gt;<\/code> \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 <code>count<\/code> \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>screen.getByTestId()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0648 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627 <code>textContent<\/code> \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>screen<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 DOM \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f node \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>\u0633\u067e\u0633\u060c \u062f\u0631 <code>Counter.js<\/code> \u062c\u0632\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u0634 <code>&lt;h3&gt;<\/code> \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 a <code>data-testid<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>count<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ Counter.js<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> React, { useState } <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"react\"<\/span>;\n\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">function<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Counter<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">{ initialCount }<\/span>) <\/span>{\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">const<\/span> (count, setCount) = useState(initialCount);\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">const<\/span> increment = <span class=\"hljs-function\">() =&gt;<\/span> {\n    setCount(<span class=\"hljs-function\">(<span class=\"hljs-params\">prev<\/span>) =&gt;<\/span> prev + <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>);\n  };\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">const<\/span> decrement = <span class=\"hljs-function\">() =&gt;<\/span> {\n    setCount(<span class=\"hljs-function\">(<span class=\"hljs-params\">prev<\/span>) =&gt;<\/span> prev - <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>);\n  };\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">const<\/span> restart = <span class=\"hljs-function\">() =&gt;<\/span> {\n    setCount(<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>);\n  };\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">const<\/span> switchSign = <span class=\"hljs-function\">() =&gt;<\/span> {\n    setCount(<span class=\"hljs-function\">(<span class=\"hljs-params\">prev<\/span>) =&gt;<\/span> prev * -<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>);\n  };\n\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> (\n    <span class=\"xml\"><span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">div<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n      <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">h1<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n          <span class=\"hljs-comment\">&lt;!-- Change here! --&gt;<\/span>\n        Count: <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">h3<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">data-testid<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"count\"<\/span>&gt;<\/span>{count}<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">h3<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n      <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">h1<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n      <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">div<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">button<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">onClick<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">{increment}<\/span>&gt;<\/span>Increment<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">button<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">button<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">onClick<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">{decrement}<\/span>&gt;<\/span>Decrement<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">button<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">button<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">onClick<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">{restart}<\/span>&gt;<\/span>Restart<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">button<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">button<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">onClick<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">{switchSign}<\/span>&gt;<\/span>Switch sign<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">button<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n      <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">div<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">div<\/span>&gt;<\/span><\/span>\n  );\n}\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">export<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">default<\/span> Counter;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>count<\/code> \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>0<\/code>\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>expect()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f!  \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f <code>0<\/code> \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 <code>toEqual()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u06cc\u060c <code>toEqual()<\/code> matcher \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u061b  \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc <code>Counter<\/code> \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>initialCount<\/code> \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u2014\u0628\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>App.js<\/code>&#8211; \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631 <code>Counter<\/code> \u062c\u0632\u0621\u060c \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0634\u062a \u0633\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc <code>Counter.js<\/code>  \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f <code>Counter<\/code> \u062c\u0632\u0621.  \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> yarn <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">test<\/span><\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">FAIL  src\/Counter.test.js\n  Counter\n    \u00d7 counter displays correct initial count (75 ms)\n\n  \u25cf Counter \u203a counter displays correct initial count\n\n    expect(received).toEqual(expected) \/\/ deep equality\n\n    Expected: 0\n    Received: \"0\"\n\n       5 |   it(\"counter displays correct initial count\", () =&gt; {\n       6 |     render(&lt;Counter initialCount={0} \/&gt;);\n    &gt;  7 |     expect(screen.getByTestId(\"count\").textContent).toEqual(0);\n         |                                                     ^\n       8 |   });\n       9 | });\n      10 |\n\n      at Object.&lt;anonymous&gt; (src\/Counter.test.js:7:53)\n\nTest Suites: 1 failed, 1 total\nTests:       1 failed, 1 total\nSnapshots:   0 total\nTime:        1.929 s, estimated 2 s\nRan all test suites related to changed files.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0622\u0646 a <em>\u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u06cc<\/em>.  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0622\u0646\u060c <em>\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/em> \u0631\u0627 <code>textContent<\/code>\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 callback \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u062f\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ Counter.test.js<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> { render, screen } <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"@testing-library\/react\"<\/span>;\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> Counter <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\".\/Counter\"<\/span>;\n\ndescribe(Counter, <span class=\"hljs-function\">() =&gt;<\/span> {\n  it(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"counter displays correct initial count\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-function\">() =&gt;<\/span> {\n    render(<span class=\"xml\"><span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">Counter<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">initialCount<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">{0}<\/span> \/&gt;<\/span><\/span>);\n     <span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ Change here!<\/span>\n    expect(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">Number<\/span>(screen.getByTestId(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"count\"<\/span>).textContent)).toEqual(<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>);\n  });\n});\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0634\u062a \u0633\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> yarn <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">test<\/span><\/span>\n\nPASS  src\/Counter.test.js\n  Counter\n    \u221a counter displays correct initial count (81 ms)\n\nTest Suites: 1 passed, 1 total\nTests:       1 passed, 1 total\nSnapshots:   0 total\nTime:        2.271 s\nRan all test suites related to changed files.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a <em>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647<\/em> \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0641\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0634\u0645\u0627<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"testingtheincrementbutton\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d8%af%da%a9%d9%85%d9%87_%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b2%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4\"><\/span>\u062a\u0633\u062a \u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0647 <code>increment<\/code> \u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 <code>count<\/code> \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0645 <code>increment<\/code> \u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u060c \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>it()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a <code>Increment<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0622\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 <code>getByRole()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc <code>getByTestId()<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0632 DOM.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>getByRole()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 HTML \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646 DOM \u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u06cc\u0621\u060c a \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>name<\/code> \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>fireEvent()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0622\u0646 0 1 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ Counter.test.js<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> { fireEvent, render, screen } <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"@testing-library\/react\"<\/span>;\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> Counter <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\".\/Counter\"<\/span>;\n\ndescribe(Counter, <span class=\"hljs-function\">() =&gt;<\/span> {\n  it(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"counter displays correct initial count\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-function\">() =&gt;<\/span> {\n    render(<span class=\"xml\"><span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">Counter<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">initialCount<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">{0}<\/span> \/&gt;<\/span><\/span>);\n    expect(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">Number<\/span>(screen.getByTestId(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"count\"<\/span>).textContent)).toEqual(<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>);\n  });\n\n  it(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"count should increment by 1 if increment button is clicked\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-function\">() =&gt;<\/span> {\n    render(<span class=\"xml\"><span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">Counter<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">initialCount<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">{0}<\/span> \/&gt;<\/span><\/span>);\n    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"button\"<\/span>, { <span class=\"hljs-attr\">name<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Increment\"<\/span> }));\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">let<\/span> countValue = <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">Number<\/span>(screen.getByTestId(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"count\"<\/span>).textContent);\n    expect(countValue).toEqual(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>);\n  });\n});\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0631:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> yarn <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">test<\/span><\/span>\n\nPASS  src\/Counter.test.js\n  Counter\n    \u221a counter displays correct initial count (79 ms)\n    \u221a count should increment by 1 if increment button is clicked (66 ms)\n\nTest Suites: 1 passed, 1 total\nTests:       2 passed, 2 total\nSnapshots:   0 total\nTime:        2.405 s\nRan all test suites related to changed files.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0633\u067e\u0633 \u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>count<\/code> \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 0 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u062f <code>expect()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 &#8211; \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u06a9:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ Counter.test.js<\/span>\nit(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"count should increment by 1 if increment button is clicked\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-function\">() =&gt;<\/span> {\n    render(<span class=\"xml\"><span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">Counter<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">initialCount<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">{0}<\/span> \/&gt;<\/span><\/span>);\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">let<\/span> countValue1 = <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">Number<\/span>(screen.getByTestId(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"count\"<\/span>).textContent);\n    expect(countValue1).toEqual(<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>);\n    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"button\"<\/span>, { <span class=\"hljs-attr\">name<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Increment\"<\/span> }));\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">let<\/span> countValue2 = <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">Number<\/span>(screen.getByTestId(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"count\"<\/span>).textContent);\n    expect(countValue2).toEqual(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>);\n});\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> yarn <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">test<\/span><\/span>\n\nPASS  src\/Counter.test.js\n  Counter\n    \u221a counter displays correct initial count (82 ms)\n    \u221a count should increment by 1 if increment button is clicked (60 ms)\n\nTest Suites: 1 passed, 1 total\nTests:       2 passed, 2 total\nSnapshots:   0 total\nTime:        2.388 s\nRan all test suites related to changed files.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"testingthedecrementbutton\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a2%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4_%d8%af%da%a9%d9%85%d9%87_%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%b4\"><\/span>\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc <code>Increment<\/code> \u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc <code>Decrement<\/code> \u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ Counter.test.js<\/span>\nit(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"count should decrement by 1 if decrement button is clicked\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-function\">() =&gt;<\/span> {\n  render(<span class=\"xml\"><span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">Counter<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">initialCount<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">{0}<\/span> \/&gt;<\/span><\/span>);\n  fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"button\"<\/span>, { <span class=\"hljs-attr\">name<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Decrement\"<\/span> }));\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">let<\/span> countValue = <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">Number<\/span>(screen.getByTestId(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"count\"<\/span>).textContent);\n  expect(countValue).toEqual(-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>);\n});\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0631:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> yarn <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">test<\/span><\/span>\n\nPASS  src\/Counter.test.js\n  Counter\n    \u221a counter displays correct initial count (79 ms)\n    \u221a count should increment by 1 if increment button is clicked (73 ms)\n    \u221a count should decrement by 1 if decrement button is clicked (21 ms)\n\nTest Suites: 1 passed, 1 total\nTests:       3 passed, 3 total\nSnapshots:   0 total\nTime:        2.346 s\nRan all test suites related to changed files.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"testingtherestartbutton\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%da%a9%d9%85%d9%87_%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87_%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c_%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%af%d8%af_%d8%b1%d8%a7_%d8%a2%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4_%da%a9%d9%86%db%8c%d8%af\"><\/span>\u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 <code>Increment<\/code> \u0648 <code>Decrement<\/code> \u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc <code>Restart<\/code> \u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ Counter.test.js<\/span>\nit(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"count should reset to 0 if restart button is clicked\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-function\">() =&gt;<\/span> {\n  render(<span class=\"xml\"><span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">Counter<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">initialCount<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">{50}<\/span> \/&gt;<\/span><\/span>);\n  fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"button\"<\/span>, { <span class=\"hljs-attr\">name<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Restart\"<\/span> }));\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">let<\/span> countValue = <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">Number<\/span>(screen.getByTestId(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"count\"<\/span>).textContent);\n  expect(countValue).toEqual(<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>);\n});\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc 50 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f (\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647) \u0648 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> yarn <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">test<\/span><\/span>\n\nPASS  src\/Counter.test.js\n  Counter\n    \u221a counter displays correct initial count (81 ms)\n    \u221a count should increment by 1 if increment button is clicked (57 ms)\n    \u221a count should decrement by 1 if decrement button is clicked (21 ms)\n    \u221a count should reset to 0 if restart button is clicked (16 ms)\n\nTest Suites: 1 passed, 1 total\nTests:       4 passed, 4 total\nSnapshots:   0 total\nTime:        2.583 s\nRan all test suites related to changed files.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"testingtheswitchsignbutton\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a2%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4_%d8%af%da%a9%d9%85%d9%87_%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%aa_%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a6%db%8c%da%86\"><\/span>\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0639\u06a9\u0648\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0627 <code>count<\/code> \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 <code>count<\/code> \u062a\u0627 50 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a.  \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ Counter.test.js<\/span>\nit(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"count invert signs if switch signs button is clicked\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-function\">() =&gt;<\/span> {\n  render(<span class=\"xml\"><span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">Counter<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">initialCount<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">{50}<\/span> \/&gt;<\/span><\/span>);\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">let<\/span> countValue1 = <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">Number<\/span>(screen.getByTestId(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"count\"<\/span>).textContent);\n  expect(countValue1).toEqual(<span class=\"hljs-number\">50<\/span>);\n  fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"button\"<\/span>, { <span class=\"hljs-attr\">name<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Switch signs\"<\/span> }));\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">let<\/span> countValue2 = <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">Number<\/span>(screen.getByTestId(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"count\"<\/span>).textContent);\n  expect(countValue2).toEqual(-<span class=\"hljs-number\">50<\/span>);\n});\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0631:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> yarn <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">test<\/span><\/span>\n\nPASS  src\/Counter.test.js\n  Counter\n    \u221a counter displays correct initial count (91 ms)\n    \u221a count should increment by 1 if increment button is clicked (72 ms)\n    \u221a count should decrement by 1 if increment button is clicked (21 ms)\n    \u221a count should reset to 0 if restart button is clicked (19 ms)\n    \u221a count invert signs if switch signs button is clicked (14 ms)\n\nTest Suites: 1 passed, 1 total\nTests:       5 passed, 5 total\nSnapshots:   0 total\nTime:        3.104 s\nRan all test suites related to changed files.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0648\u0648\u0634!  \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u067e\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a &#8211; \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f  \u0641\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u061f  \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f (\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f)<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 (\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647)<\/li>\n<li>\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc (\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"bestpracticesforunittesting\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a8%d9%87%d8%aa%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4_%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af\"><\/span>\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f:<\/strong> \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.  \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u06a9\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u062a \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<br \/>\n\u0628\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">test(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'the success modal is visible'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-function\">() =&gt;<\/span> {});\ntest(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'the success modal has a success message'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-function\">() =&gt;<\/span> {});\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0630\u0628\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u0634\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a)\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0622\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f <code>x<\/code> \u0648 <code>y<\/code> &#8211; \u0686\u0647 <code>x<\/code> \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <em>\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627<\/em>\u062f\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc UI \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\"><\/span>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0628 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u060c \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f \u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u062a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u060c \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 DOM \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc React \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>getByTestId()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634.  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>getByTestId()<\/code>  \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>getByRole()<\/code>  &#8211; \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/li>\n<li><code>getByLabelText()<\/code>  &#8211; \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0686\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc for \u0648 id \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><code>getByText()<\/code>  &#8211; \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u060c <code>getByText()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/li>\n<li><code>getByPlaceholderText()<\/code>: \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/testing-playground.com\/\">\u062a\u0633\u062a \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc<\/a> \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f!  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/UcheAzubuko\/react-unit-tests\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc GitHub<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<p><br \/>\n<br \/>\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 1403-01-05 15:10:04<br \/>\n<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;14576&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 (0 \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;30&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc React \u0628\u0627 Jest \u0648 React-Testing \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.  \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0634\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0628 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0634\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a.  \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0627...&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} ({count} \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 19<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0634\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0628 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0634\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a. \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 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