{"id":14847,"date":"2024-01-06T13:12:21","date_gmt":"2024-01-06T09:42:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/"},"modified":"2024-01-06T13:12:21","modified_gmt":"2024-01-06T09:42:21","slug":"%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c\" >\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4_%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af_%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\" >\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4_%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c_%d8%a8%d9%87_%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1_%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\" >\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4_%d8%a7%d8%b6%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%87_%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%86_%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1_%d8%a8%d9%87_%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\" >\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%da%86%da%af%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87_%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1_%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c_%d8%b1%d8%a7_%d8%a8%d9%87_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b2_%da%a9%d9%86%db%8c%d9%85\" >\u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%da%86%da%af%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87_%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1_%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c_%d8%b1%d8%a7_%d8%ad%d8%b0%d9%81_%da%a9%d9%86%db%8c%d9%85\" >\u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%b3%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c_%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\" >\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#len_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4\" >len() \u0631\u0648\u0634<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%da%a9%d9%be%db%8c_%f0%9f%80%84_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4\" >\u06a9\u067e\u06cc \ud83c\udc04() \u0631\u0648\u0634<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4\" >\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f() \u0631\u0648\u0634<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%da%a9%d9%84%db%8c%d8%af%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4\" >\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627() \u0631\u0648\u0634<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#fromkeys_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4\" >fromkeys() \u0631\u0648\u0634<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87_%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4_%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b6_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4\" >\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636() \u0631\u0648\u0634<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%af%d8%b1%da%a9_%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%87%d9%86%da%af_%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%aa\" >\u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%aa%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d8%b7%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%82_%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%87%d9%86%da%af_%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%aa\" >\u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%aa%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c_%da%a9%d9%84%db%8c%d8%af%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4_%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b6\" >\u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627 (\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%aa%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d8%a8%db%8c%d8%b4_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b2%d8%b4_%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%a8%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b2%d8%b4_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c\" >\u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc()<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%aa%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d8%ac%d9%81%d8%aa_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%da%a9%d9%84%db%8c%d8%af-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d8%a8%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af\" >\u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f-\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f()<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#nested_dictionaries_iteration\" >Nested Dictionaries Iteration<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%aa%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d8%b4%d8%b1%d8%b7%db%8c\" >\u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u06cc<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%87%d9%86%da%af_%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%aa_%d9%88_%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b8%d9%87\" >\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\" >\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 12<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div><noscript><\/noscript><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"introduction\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.  \u0622 <em>\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/em> \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f <em>\u062c\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f-\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/em> &#8211; \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a (\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647) \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2 id=\"howtocreateadictionaryinpython\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4_%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af_%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\"><\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0627) \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0641\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 <code>{}<\/code> \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f (<code>,<\/code>).  \u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 a \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <em>\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc<\/em> \u062c\u0641\u062a<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 <em>\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc<\/em> \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f <em>\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/em> \u0648 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 <em>\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 <em>\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/em> \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f <em>\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u062f<\/em>.  \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0631\u0686\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 (\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f) \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 <strong>\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u062f<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = {}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc!  \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0686\u0647\u061f  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a &#8211; \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = {<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">'mango'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">'pawpaw'<\/span>}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u06af\u0641\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = {<span class=\"hljs-string\">'fruit'<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">'mango'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>: (<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">8<\/span>)}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d Python \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <strong><code>dict()<\/code>  \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">dict<\/span>({<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>:<span class=\"hljs-string\">'mango'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>:<span class=\"hljs-string\">'pawpaw'<\/span>})\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u067e\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>dict()<\/code> \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">dict<\/span>(((<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'mango'<\/span>), (<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'pawpaw'<\/span>)))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f <strong>\u062a\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = {<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>: {<span class=\"hljs-string\">'student1'<\/span> : <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Nicholas'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'student2'<\/span> : <span class=\"hljs-string\">'John'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'student3'<\/span> : <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Mercy'<\/span>},\n        <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>: {<span class=\"hljs-string\">'course1'<\/span> : <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Computer Science'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'course2'<\/span> : <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Mathematics'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'course3'<\/span> : <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Accounting'<\/span>}}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 <em>print<\/em>  \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 Python \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>print()<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = {\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Company\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Toyota\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"model\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Premio\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"year\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">2012<\/span>\n}\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(example_dict)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">{'Company': 'Toyota', 'model': 'Premio', 'year': 2012}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f <em>\u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a<\/em>\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">squares = {x: x*x <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> x <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">range<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>)}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"howtoaccesselementsofapythondictionary\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4_%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c_%d8%a8%d9%87_%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1_%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\"><\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a &#8211; \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <em>\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f<\/em>\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = {\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Company\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Toyota\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"model\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Premio\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"year\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">2012<\/span>\n}\n\nx = example_dict(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"model\"<\/span>)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(x)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <em>\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634<\/em> \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 <em>&#8220;\u0645\u062f\u0644&#8221;<\/em> \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">Premio\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u00ab\u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u00bb \u06cc\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = {<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Name'<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Mercy'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Age'<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">23<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Course'<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Accounting'<\/span>}\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Student Name:\"<\/span>, example_dict(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Name'<\/span>))\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Course:\"<\/span>, example_dict(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Course'<\/span>))\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Age:\"<\/span>, example_dict(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Age'<\/span>))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">Student Name: Mercy\nCourse: Accounting\nAge: 23\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f <strong><code>get()<\/code>  \u0631\u0648\u0634<\/strong>\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0645\u062a\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = {\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Company\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Toyota\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"model\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Premio\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"year\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">2012<\/span>\n}\n\nx = example_dict.get(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"model\"<\/span>)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(x) \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645!  \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 a <code>KeyError<\/code>\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>get()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">value = my_dict.get(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"key\"<\/span>, default_value)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"howtoaddelementstoapythondictionary\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4_%d8%a7%d8%b6%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%87_%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%86_%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1_%d8%a8%d9%87_%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\"><\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a <em>\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f<\/em>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = {\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Company\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Toyota\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"model\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Premio\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"year\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">2012<\/span>\n}\n\nexample_dict(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Capacity\"<\/span>) = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"1800CC\"<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(example_dict)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 &#8211; \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">{'Capacity': '1800CC', 'year': 2012, 'Company': 'Toyota', 'model': 'Premio'}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f <code>Capacity<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0648 <code>1800CC<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0622\u0646  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = {}\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"An Empty Dictionary: \"<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(example_dict)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">An Empty Dictionary:\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict(<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>) = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Apples'<\/span>\nexample_dict(<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>) = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Mangoes'<\/span>\nexample_dict(<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>) = <span class=\"hljs-number\">20<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"3 elements have been added: \"<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(example_dict)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">3 elements have been added:\n{0: 'Apples', 2: 'Mangoes', 3: 20}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 3.7\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 3.8+ \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict(<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>) = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Apples'<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c <code>0<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>Apples<\/code> \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\nexample_dict(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Values'<\/span>) = <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Pairs\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"3 elements have been added: \"<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(example_dict)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">3 elements have been added:\n{'Values': (1, 'Pairs', 4)}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\/\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"howtoupdatedictionaryelements\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%da%86%da%af%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87_%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1_%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c_%d8%b1%d8%a7_%d8%a8%d9%87_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b2_%da%a9%d9%86%db%8c%d9%85\"><\/span>\u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <em>\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f<\/em>.  \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = {\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Company\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Toyota\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"model\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Premio\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"year\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">2012<\/span>\n}\n\nexample_dict(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"year\"<\/span>) = <span class=\"hljs-number\">2014<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(example_dict)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645 <code>year<\/code> \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc <code>2012<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 <code>2014<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">{'year': 2014, 'model': 'Premio', 'Company': 'Toyota'}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"howtoremovedictionaryelements\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%da%86%da%af%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87_%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1_%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c_%d8%b1%d8%a7_%d8%ad%d8%b0%d9%81_%da%a9%d9%86%db%8c%d9%85\"><\/span>\u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <strong><code>del<\/code>  \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc<\/strong> \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.  \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0632\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0632\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>del<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a.  \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0645. <code>year<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = {\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Company\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Toyota\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"model\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Premio\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"year\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">2012<\/span>\n}\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">del<\/span> example_dict(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"year\"<\/span>)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(example_dict)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>year<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">{'Company': 'Toyota', 'model': 'Premio'}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 a <em>\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc<\/em> \u062c\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <strong><code>pop()<\/code>  \u0631\u0648\u0634<\/strong> \u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = {\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Company\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Toyota\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"model\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Premio\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"year\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">2012<\/span>\n}\n\nexample_dict.pop(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"year\"<\/span>)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(example_dict)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645 <code>pop()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a.  \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc a \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>year<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">{'Company': 'Toyota', 'model': 'Premio'}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c <strong><code>popitem()<\/code>  \u0631\u0648\u0634<\/strong> \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = {\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Company\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Toyota\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"model\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Premio\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"year\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">2012<\/span>\n}\n\nexample_dict.popitem()\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(example_dict)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062f <code>year<\/code>.  \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>popitem()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">{'Company': 'Toyota', 'model': 'Premio'}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u06cc <strong>\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/strong>?  \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u067e\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u06a9 \u062a\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627  \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>del<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = {\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Company\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Toyota\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"model\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Premio\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"year\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">2012<\/span>\n}\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">del<\/span> example_dict\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(example_dict)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.  \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f <em>\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647<\/em> \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">NameError: name 'example_dict' is not defined\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f <code>clear()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = {\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Company\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Toyota\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"model\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Premio\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"year\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">2012<\/span>\n}\n\nexample_dict.clear()\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(example_dict)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f (\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">{}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"othercommondictionarymethodsinpython\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b3%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%af%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%b1%db%8c_%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\"><\/span>\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.  \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>keys()<\/code>\u060c <code>values()<\/code>\u060c \u0648 <code>items()<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0634\u062a <em>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621<\/em>\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"lenmethod\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"len_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4\"><\/span><em>len()<\/em> \u0631\u0648\u0634<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = {\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Company\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Toyota\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"model\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Premio\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"year\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">2012<\/span>\n}\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">len<\/span>(example_dict))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f <code>3<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">3\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"copymethod\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%da%a9%d9%be%db%8c_%f0%9f%80%84_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4\"><\/span><em>\u06a9\u067e\u06cc \ud83c\udc04()<\/em> \u0631\u0648\u0634<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = {\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Company\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Toyota\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"model\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Premio\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"year\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">2012<\/span>\n}\nx = example_dict.copy()\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(x)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>x<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">{'Company': 'Toyota', 'year': 2012, 'model': 'Premio'}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0627\u067e <code>x<\/code> \u062f\u0631 console\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>example_dict<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong>  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"itemsmethod\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4\"><\/span><em>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f()<\/em> \u0631\u0648\u0634<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.  \u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f <em>\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc<\/em> \u062c\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = {\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Company\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Toyota\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"model\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Premio\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"year\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">2012<\/span>\n}\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> k, v <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> example_dict.items():\n  <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(k, v)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">('Company', 'Toyota')\n('model', 'Premio')\n('year', 2012)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 <code>items()<\/code> \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = {\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Company\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Toyota\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"model\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Premio\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"year\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">2012<\/span>\n}\n\nx = example_dict.items()\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(x)\n\nexample_dict(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"model\"<\/span>) = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Mark X\"<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(x)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u060c <code>items<\/code> \u0634\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">dict_items((('Company', 'Toyota'), ('model', 'Premio'), ('year', 2012)))\ndict_items((('Company', 'Toyota'), ('model', 'Mark X'), ('year', 2012)))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"keysmethod\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%da%a9%d9%84%db%8c%d8%af%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4\"><\/span><em>\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627()<\/em> \u0631\u0648\u0634<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.  \u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0627 <code>items()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">dictionary.keys()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = {\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Company\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Toyota\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"model\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Premio\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"year\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">2012<\/span>\n}\n\nx = example_dict.keys()\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(x)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">dict_keys(('model', 'Company', 'year'))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <em>\u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/em> \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0634\u0645\u0627:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = {\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Company\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Toyota\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"model\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Premio\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"year\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">2012<\/span>\n}\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> k <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> example_dict.keys():\n  <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(k)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647 print \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 <code>example_dict<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">Company\nmodel\nyear\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"fromkeysmethod\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"fromkeys_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4\"><\/span><em>fromkeys()<\/em> \u0631\u0648\u0634<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">dictionary.fromkeys(keys, value)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 <code>keys<\/code> \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc <code>value<\/code> \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>None<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f <code>25<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">name = (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'John'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Nicholas'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Mercy'<\/span>)\nage = <span class=\"hljs-number\">25<\/span>\n\nexample_dict = <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">dict<\/span>.fromkeys(name, age)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(example_dict)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 <code>fromkeys()<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">{'John': 25, 'Mercy': 25, 'Nicholas': 25}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u060c <code>fromkeys()<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u062f \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f <code>25<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc <code>keys<\/code> \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a  \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc <code>values<\/code> \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">name = (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'John'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Nicholas'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Mercy'<\/span>)\n\nexample_dict = <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">dict<\/span>.fromkeys(name)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(example_dict)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c <code>None<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">{'John': None, 'Mercy': None, 'Nicholas': None}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"setdefaultmethod\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87_%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4_%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b6_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4\"><\/span><em>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636()<\/em> \u0631\u0648\u0634<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">dictionary.setdefault(keyname, value)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u060c <code>keyname<\/code> \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>value<\/code> \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>None<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = {\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Company\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Toyota\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"model\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Premio\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"year\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">2012<\/span>\n}\n\nx = example_dict.setdefault(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"color\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Gray\"<\/span>)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(x)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f <code>color<\/code>.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>setdefault()<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc <code>Gray<\/code>\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">Gray\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <em>\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/em>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">example_dict = {\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Company\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Toyota\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"model\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Premio\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"year\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">2012<\/span>\n}\n\nx = example_dict.setdefault(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"model\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Allion\"<\/span>)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(x)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 <code>Allion<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 <code>model<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">Premio\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"dictionarycomprehensions\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b1%da%a9_%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%87%d9%86%da%af_%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%aa\"><\/span>\u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a\u060c \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06a9\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">{key_expr: value_expr <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> item <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> iterable}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>key_expr<\/code> \u0648 <code>value_expr<\/code> \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f-\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc <code>item<\/code> \u062f\u0631 <code>iterable<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 <em>\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/em>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">squares = {x: x*x <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> x <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">range<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>)}\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(squares)  \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f <em>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/em> \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">even_squares = {x: x*x <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> x <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">range<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> x % <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span> == <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>}\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(even_squares)  \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u062f \u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <em>\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648<\/em>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">matrix = ((<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>), (<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>), (<span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">8<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">9<\/span>))\ntranspose = {j: {i: matrix(i)(j) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> i <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">range<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>)} <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> j <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">range<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>)}\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(transpose)  \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 <code>zip()<\/code> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u062f <em>\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/em> &#8211; \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">keys = (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'a'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'b'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'c'<\/span>)\nvalues = (<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>)\nresult = {k: v <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> k, v <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">zip<\/span>(keys, values)}\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(result)  \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u060c _\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 1 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">original = {<span class=\"hljs-string\">'a'<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'b'<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'c'<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>}\nincremented = {k: v + <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> k, v <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> original.items()}\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(incremented)  \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"iteratingthroughdictionaries\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d8%b7%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%82_%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%87%d9%86%da%af_%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%aa\"><\/span>\u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"iteratingoverkeysdefaultbehavior\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c_%da%a9%d9%84%db%8c%d8%af%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4_%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b6\"><\/span>\u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627 (\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>for<\/code> \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <em>\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/em> \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">person = {<span class=\"hljs-string\">'name'<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">'John'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'age'<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">30<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'city'<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">'New York'<\/span>}\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> key <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> person:\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(key)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">name\nage\ncity\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 (\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u062a\u0631) \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>keys()<\/code>\u0631\u0648\u0634:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> key <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> person.keys():\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(key)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> key <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">list<\/span>(my_dict.keys()):\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> some_condition(key):\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">del<\/span> my_dict(key)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"iteratingovervaluesusingvalues\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d8%a8%db%8c%d8%b4_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b2%d8%b4_%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%a8%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b2%d8%b4_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c\"><\/span>\u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <em>\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc()<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f <code>values()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <em>\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc<\/em> \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> value <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> person.values():\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(value)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">John\n30\nNew York\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"iteratingoverkeyvaluepairsusingitems\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d8%ac%d9%81%d8%aa_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%da%a9%d9%84%db%8c%d8%af-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d8%a8%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af\"><\/span>\u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f-\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <em>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f()<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062f \u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> key, value <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> person.items():\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">f\"<span class=\"hljs-subst\">{key}<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{value}<\/span>\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">name: John\nage: 30\ncity: New York\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"nesteddictionariesiteration\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"nested_dictionaries_iteration\"><\/span>Nested Dictionaries Iteration<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">people = {\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">'john'<\/span>: {<span class=\"hljs-string\">'age'<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">30<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'city'<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">'New York'<\/span>},\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">'marie'<\/span>: {<span class=\"hljs-string\">'age'<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">22<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'city'<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Boston'<\/span>}\n}\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> name, info <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> people.items():\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">f\"<span class=\"hljs-subst\">{name.title()}<\/span>:\"<\/span>)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> key <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> info:\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">f\"  <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{key.capitalize()}<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{info(key)}<\/span>\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">John:\n  Age: 30\n  City: New York\nMarie:\n  Age: 22\n  City: Boston\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"conditionaliteration\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d8%b4%d8%b1%d8%b7%db%8c\"><\/span>\u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> key, value <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> person.items():\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">isinstance<\/span>(value, <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">str<\/span>):\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(key)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 <code>age<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">name\ncity\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"dictionaryandmemory\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%87%d9%86%da%af_%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%aa_%d9%88_%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b8%d9%87\"><\/span>\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0641\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.  \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0634 \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647:<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>list<\/code> \u0627\u0632 <code>tuples<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641 <code>namedtuple<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>\u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0641\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0647\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <em>O (1)<\/em> \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 Python \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>sys<\/code> \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> sys\nperson = {<span class=\"hljs-string\">'name'<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">'John'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'age'<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">30<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'city'<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">'New York'<\/span>}\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(sys.getsizeof(person))  \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u061f  \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0634\u0648\u062f (\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0630\u0641)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>dict.copy()<\/code> \u0628\u0647 <em>\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/em>.  \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633)\u060c <em>\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f<\/em> \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u06a9 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u062f\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\"><\/span>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 <em>\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc<\/em> \u062c\u0641\u062a  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 <em>\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f<\/em> \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 <em>\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634<\/em> \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>\n                        !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s)\n                        {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?\n                        n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};\n                        if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';\n                        n.queue=();t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;\n                        t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)(0);\n                        s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script',\n                        'https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/fbevents.js');\n                        fbq('init', '525232124909042');\n                        fbq('track', 'PageView');\n                    <\/script>    (\u0628\u0631\u0686\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647)# python<br \/>\n<br \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 1403-01-06 13:12:04<br \/>\n<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;14847&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 (0 \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;30&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} ({count} \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 12<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0622 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f-\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 &#8211; \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9398,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1743,620],"tags":[1749,1748,1754,1751,1744,2750,2503,1759,1755,1752,1765],"class_list":["post-14847","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python","category-programming","tag-python","tag-python-hosting","tag-1754","tag-1751","tag-1744","tag-2750","tag-2503","tag-1759","tag-1755","tag-1752","tag-1765"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14847","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14847"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14847\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9398"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14847"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14847"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14847"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}