{"id":15134,"date":"2024-01-09T02:12:20","date_gmt":"2024-01-08T22:42:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/"},"modified":"2024-01-09T02:12:20","modified_gmt":"2024-01-08T22:42:20","slug":"%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 Red Hat Enterprise"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4_%d9%86%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%b2\" >\u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%d9%81%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8\" >\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86_useradd_%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86\" >\u0627\u06cc\u0646 useradd \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88_%d8%a7%d8%b2_useradd_%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1\" >\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0632 useradd \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_sudo\" >\u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a sudo?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84_%d9%87%d8%a7\" >\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86_usermod_%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86\" >\u0627\u06cc\u0646 usermod \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88_%d8%a7%d8%b2_usermod_%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1\" >\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0632 usermod \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84_%d9%87%d8%a7-2\" >\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_etclogindefs\" >\u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \/etc\/login.defs?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_etcskel\" >\u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \/etc\/skel?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_etcshadow\" >\u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \/etc\/shadow?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%af%db%8c_%d9%86%d9%85%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87_%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84_etcshadow\" >\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \/etc\/shadow<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86_groupadd_%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86\" >\u0627\u06cc\u0646 groupadd \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88_%d8%a7%d8%b2_groupadd_%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1\" >\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0632 groupadd \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84_%d9%87%d8%a7-3\" >\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86_groupmod_%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86\" >\u0627\u06cc\u0646 groupmod \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88_%d8%a7%d8%b2_groupmod_%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1\" >\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0632 groupmod \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84_%d9%87%d8%a7-4\" >\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86_%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%db%8c\" >\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86_1_%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa_%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84%db%8c%d9%87_%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1_%d9%88_%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87\" >\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 1: \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86_2_%d8%aa%d8%ba%db%8c%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa_%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1\" >\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 2: \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86_3_%d8%aa%d8%ba%db%8c%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa_%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87%db%8c\" >\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 3: \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86_4_%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa_%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%87_%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1_%d9%88_%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87\" >\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 4: \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86_5_%d8%af%d8%b1%da%a9_etcshadow_%d9%88_etcskel\" >\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 5: \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \/etc\/shadow \u0648 \/etc\/skel<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86_6_%da%86%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4\" >\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 6: \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86_7_%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%88%db%8c_%d8%af%d9%86%db%8c%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b9%db%8c\" >\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 7: \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-red-ha\/#%d8%a8%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%87_%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c\" >\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 9<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<section class=\"post-content \" data-test-label=\"post-content\">\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u0631 RHEL \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a.  \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0639\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u06af\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a. <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"prerequisite\">\u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633  \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a RHEL \u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"table-of-contents\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%81%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8\"><\/span><strong>\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>useradd<\/li>\n<li>\u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a sudo?<\/li>\n<li>usermod<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/login.defs \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/skel \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/shadow \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646<\/li>\n<li>groupmod<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"the-useradd-command\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86_useradd_%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86\"><\/span>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>useradd<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>useradd<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 RHEL \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"syntax-of-the-useradd-command-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88_%d8%a7%d8%b2_useradd_%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1\"><\/span>\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0632 <code>useradd<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">useradd [options] username<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"what-is-sudo\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_sudo\"><\/span>\u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a sudo?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\/\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u060c <code>sudo<\/code> \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 &#8220;Superuser Do&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f root \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"examples-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84_%d9%87%d8%a7\"><\/span>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 &#8211; \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062f root \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>sudo<\/code> \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>useradd<\/code> \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a.  \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 <code>sudo<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f root \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631  \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 <\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0645 root \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631.  \u067e\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f <code>sudo<\/code> \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"create-a-user-\">\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631:<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">useradd kedar<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 &#8220;kedar&#8221; \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a <code>useradd<\/code> \u0648 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645. <\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 RHEL\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"check-a-newly-added-user-\">\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">tail -1 \/etc\/passwd<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">kedar:x:1001:1001:John Doe:\/home\/john:\/bin\/bash\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f.  \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<figure class=\"kg-card kg-image-card kg-width-wide kg-card-hascaption\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Frame-1000004542.svg.svg+xml\" class=\"kg-image\" alt=\"\u0642\u0627\u0628-1000004542\" width=\"893\" height=\"204\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\"><figcaption>\u062a\u0641\u06a9\u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc &#8211; \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc.<\/li>\n<li>Password Placeholder (\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062e \u0634\u062f\u0647) &#8211; \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631 &#8220;x&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631 <code>\/etc\/shadow<\/code> \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 (UID) &#8211; \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 (GID) &#8211; \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 (GECOS) &#8211; \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc.<\/li>\n<li>Home Directory \u2013 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>Login Shell \u2013 \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f root \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"set-a-password-for-a-newly-created-account\">\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">passwd kedar<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 kedar \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 kedar \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"set-different-options-for-the-user-while-creating-a-new-user\">\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0686\u0647 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 (<code>-u<\/code>)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">useradd -u 1234 kedar<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627 <code>-u<\/code> \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 kedar\u060c \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 User ID \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc 1234 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>2. \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 (<code>-g<\/code>)<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">useradd -g 1232 kedar<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 kedar \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>3. \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0647 (<code>-G<\/code>)<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">useradd -G developers kedar<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 kedar \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>4. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">useradd -c \"2 Month Intern\" kedar<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 kedar \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632 2 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0647&#8221; \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f <code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code> \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>5. \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">useradd -d \/etc\/kedar\/home kedar<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>\/etc\/kedar\/home<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 kedar.  \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0631 RHEL\u060c \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>\/home\/kedar<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>6. \u0644\u0627\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0644<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">useradd -s \/bin\/shell kedar<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 kedar \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \/bin\/shell \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 kedar \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642\/bash \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u060c \/bin\/bash \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 Bash \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a Bourne Again SHell \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633  \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \/bin\/ \u0627\u0639\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062fbash \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 Bash \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0634\u062f command-line \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637. <\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 Bash \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0648 command-line \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u060c \/bin\/bash \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f: <code>\/sbin\/nologin<\/code>.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>\/bin\/shell<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">useradd -s \/sbin\/nologin kedar<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"the-usermod-command\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86_usermod_%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86\"><\/span>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>usermod<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 usermod \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062f\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"syntax-of-the-usermod-command-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88_%d8%a7%d8%b2_usermod_%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1\"><\/span>\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0632 <code>usermod<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">usermod [options] username<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"examples--1\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84_%d9%87%d8%a7-2\"><\/span>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"change-username-\">\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc:<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">usermod -l newusername oldusername<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f <code>oldusername<\/code> \u0628\u0647 <code>newusername<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"change-user-id-uid-\">\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc (UID):<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">usermod -u &lt;newUID&gt; username\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>&lt;newUID&gt;<\/code> \u0628\u0627 UID \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"change-group-id-gid-\">\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 (GID):<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">usermod -g &lt;newGID&gt; username<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>&lt;newGID&gt;<\/code> \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"add-user-to-supplementary-groups-\">\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc:<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">usermod -aG group1,group2 username<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f (<code>group1<\/code>\u060c <code>group2<\/code>\u060c \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647.).<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"change-home-directory-\">\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc:<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">usermod -d \/newhome username<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f <code>\/newhome<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"change-default-shell-\">\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636:<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">usermod -s \/bin\/bash username<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f <code>\/bin\/bash<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"set-expiry-date-for-account-\">\u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628:<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">usermod -e YYYY-MM-DD username<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0636\u0627 (<code>YYYY-MM-DD<\/code>) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>man usermod<\/code>.  \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627 <code>useradd<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>usermod<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"what-is-etc-login-defs\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_etclogindefs\"><\/span>\u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a <code>\/etc\/login.defs<\/code>?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>\/etc\/login.defs<\/code> \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \/etc\/login.defs \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc UID\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n<figure class=\"kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Frame-1000004563-1.svg.svg+xml\" class=\"kg-image\" alt=\"Frame-1000004563-1\" width=\"447\" height=\"252\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\"><figcaption>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 UID &#8211; \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632: 0-99\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645: 201-999\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc: 1000-60000<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \/etc\/login.defs \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645. <\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">PASS_MAX_DAYS   90\nPASS_MIN_DAYS   7\nPASS_WARN_AGE   14\nPASS_MIN_LEN    8\n\nUID_MIN         1000\nUID_MAX         60000\nGID_MIN         1000\nGID_MAX         60000\n\nLOGIN_RETRIES   5\nLOGIN_TIMEOUT   60\nCREATE_HOME     yes\nUMASK           077\n\nENCRYPT_METHOD  SHA512\nCHFN_AUTH       yes\nCHFN_RESTRICT   rwh\nDEFAULT_HOME    \/home<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f.  \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"what-is-etc-skel\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_etcskel\"><\/span>\u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a <code>\/etc\/skel<\/code>?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c <code>\/etc\/skel\/<\/code> \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0644\u00bb \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u00ab\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0644\u062a\u00bb \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.  \u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \/etc\/skel\/ \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0648 \u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \/etc\/skel\/\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f .bashrc\u060c .profile \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"what-is-etc-shadow\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_etcshadow\"><\/span>\u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a <code>\/etc\/shadow<\/code>?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>\/etc\/shadow<\/code> \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0633 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \/etc\/passwd \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \/etc\/shadow \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 (:) \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 (\u0647\u0634 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc)\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 (\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0698\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0647 1970)\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0648 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0633\u0646 \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0634\u062f\u0627\u0631  \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sample-entry-of-etc-shadow-file\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%af%db%8c_%d9%86%d9%85%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87_%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84_etcshadow\"><\/span>\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \/etc\/shadow<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><code>user:$6$PswrdHash$E7KLkQIGo7mxG5vDi7JelC5D8L0qbg38z1\/WgNhAZDpCoe2GyGB6JefT9ftb\/Rfm3uZOlFkktj\/SkJTfSJziO.:18830:0:90:7::: <\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>user<\/code>: \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc<\/li>\n<li><code>$6$PswrdHash$E7KLkQIG...<\/code>: \u0647\u0634 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>1 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631<\/strong> MD5 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/li>\n<li><strong>2 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/strong> Blowfish \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/li>\n<li><strong>2 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631<\/strong> Blowfish \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/li>\n<li><strong>5 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631<\/strong> SHA-256 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/li>\n<li><strong>6 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631<\/strong> SHA-512 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/li>\n<li><strong>$y$<\/strong> \u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>\/etc\/shadow<\/code> \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0647\u0634 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>$6$<\/code>\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc SHA-512 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>18830<\/code>: \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 (\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 1 \u0698\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0647 1970)<\/li>\n<li><code>0<\/code>: \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631<\/li>\n<li><code>90<\/code>: \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631<\/li>\n<li><code>7<\/code>: \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0634\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0636\u0627<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc: \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d <code>\/etc\/shadow<\/code> \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f root \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>passwd<\/code>\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \/etc\/shadow \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"the-groupadd-command\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86_groupadd_%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86\"><\/span>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>groupadd<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 RHEL\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 <code>groupadd<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f <code>\/etc\/login.defs<\/code>.  \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \/etc\/login.defs \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f GID_MIN \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 GID \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 GID_MAX \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 GID \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c SYS_GID_MIN \u0648 SYS_GID_MAX \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0648 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 GID \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"syntax-of-the-groupadd-command-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88_%d8%a7%d8%b2_groupadd_%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1\"><\/span>\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0632 <code>groupadd<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">groupadd [options] groupname<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"examples--2\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84_%d9%87%d8%a7-3\"><\/span>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"creating-a-group-\">\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647:<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">groupadd developers<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 &#8220;\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"assigning-a-specific-gid-\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u06cc\u06a9 GID \u062e\u0627\u0635:<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">groupadd -g 1001 developers<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 GID \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 GID 1001) \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>man groupadd<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 <code>groupadd<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"the-groupmod-command\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86_groupmod_%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86\"><\/span>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>groupmod<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>groupmod<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 RHEL \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u062d\u0645\u062a \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"syntax-of-the-groupmod-command-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88_%d8%a7%d8%b2_groupmod_%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1\"><\/span>\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0632 <code>groupmod<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">groupmod [options] groupname<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"examples--3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84_%d9%87%d8%a7-4\"><\/span>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"change-group-name-\">\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647:<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">groupmod -n newgroupname oldgroupname<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f <code>oldgroupname<\/code> \u0628\u0647 <code>newgroupname<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"change-gid-group-id-\">\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 GID (\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647):<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">groupmod -g &lt;newGID&gt; groupname<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 GID \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f <code>&lt;newGID&gt;<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"add-group-to-supplementary-groups-\">\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc:<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">groupmod -aG group1,group2 groupname<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f (<code>group1<\/code>\u060c <code>group2<\/code>\u060c \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc).<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"add-users-from-a-group-\">\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647:<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">groupmod -m -m user1,user2 developers<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 user1 \u0648 user2 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"remove-users-from-a-group-\">\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647:<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">groupmod -M user1,user2 developers<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 user1 \u0648 user2 \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>man groupmod<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 <code>groupmod<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"practical-exercise\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86_%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%db%8c\"><\/span>\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"exercise-1-basic-user-and-group-management\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86_1_%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa_%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84%db%8c%d9%87_%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1_%d9%88_%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87\"><\/span>\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 1: \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>useradd<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 &#8220;testuser.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>groupadd<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 &#8220;testgroup&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 &#8220;testuser&#8221; \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 &#8220;testgroup&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"exercise-2-user-modifications\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86_2_%d8%aa%d8%ba%db%8c%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa_%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1\"><\/span>\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 2: \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>usermod<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 &#8220;testuser&#8221; \u0628\u0647 <code>\/bin\/bash<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 &#8220;testuser&#8221; \u0628\u0647 &#8220;newuser&#8221; \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>usermod<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"exercise-3-group-modifications\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86_3_%d8%aa%d8%ba%db%8c%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa_%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87%db%8c\"><\/span>\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 3: \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u06cc<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>groupmod<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645 &#8220;TestGroup&#8221; \u0628\u0647 &#8220;NewGroup&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 GID (\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647) &#8220;NewGroup&#8221; \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>groupmod<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Newuser&#8221; \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 &#8220;NewGroup&#8221; \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>usermod<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"exercise-4-advanced-user-and-group-management\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86_4_%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa_%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%87_%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1_%d9%88_%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87\"><\/span>\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 4: \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0634\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>\/etc\/login.defs<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f GID_MIN \u0648 GID_MAX \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>\/etc\/login.defs<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"exercise-5-understanding-etc-shadow-and-etc-skel\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86_5_%d8%af%d8%b1%da%a9_etcshadow_%d9%88_etcskel\"><\/span>\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 5: \u062f\u0631\u06a9 <code>\/etc\/shadow<\/code> \u0648 <code>\/etc\/skel<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u06a9\u0627\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>\/etc\/shadow<\/code> \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>\/etc\/shadow<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u06a9\u0627\u0648\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>\/etc\/skel<\/code> \u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"exercise-6-challenge\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86_6_%da%86%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4\"><\/span>\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 6: \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 &#8220;newuser&#8221; \u062f\u0631 &#8220;newgroup&#8221; \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\/\u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0627 <code>chown<\/code> \u0648 <code>chmod<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"exercise-7-real-world-scenario\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86_7_%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%88%db%8c_%d8%af%d9%86%db%8c%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b9%db%8c\"><\/span>\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 7: \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 &#8220;admin&#8221; \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 (\/opt\/admin) \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0634\u06cc \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u00ab\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u00bb \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"wrapping-up\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a8%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%87_%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c\"><\/span><strong>\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 RHEL \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u067e\u0627\u0633\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0645.  \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u063a\u0648\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Kedar__98\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u062a\u0631<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 1403-01-09 02:12:05<br \/>\n<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;15134&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 (0 \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;30&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 Red Hat Enterprise&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} ({count} \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 9<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0627 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":15135,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[207,95],"tags":[306,3277,1857,1856,3276,1291,2750,2123,1848,1815,2551,467,432,1765,1845],"class_list":["post-15134","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-infra","category-linux","tag-enterprise","tag-hat","tag-linux-hosting","tag-linux-vps","tag-red","tag--linux","tag-2750","tag-2123","tag-1848","tag-1815","tag-2551","tag-467","tag-432","tag-1765","tag-1845"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15134","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15134"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15134\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15135"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15134"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15134"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15134"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}