{"id":15779,"date":"2024-01-17T02:05:21","date_gmt":"2024-01-16T22:35:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%da%a9%db%8c%d8%aa-%d9%88-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d8%af%d8%b1-rhel\/"},"modified":"2024-01-17T02:05:21","modified_gmt":"2024-01-16T22:35:21","slug":"%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%da%a9%db%8c%d8%aa-%d9%88-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d8%af%d8%b1-rhel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%da%a9%db%8c%d8%aa-%d9%88-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d8%af%d8%b1-rhel\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0631 RHEL"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%da%a9%db%8c%d8%aa-%d9%88-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d8%af%d8%b1-rhel\/#%d9%81%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8\" >\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" 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href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%da%a9%db%8c%d8%aa-%d9%88-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d8%af%d8%b1-rhel\/#chown_%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84_%d9%87%d8%a7\" >chown  \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%da%a9%db%8c%d8%aa-%d9%88-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d8%af%d8%b1-rhel\/#chgrp_%e2%80%93_%d8%aa%d8%ba%db%8c%db%8c%d8%b1_%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%da%a9%db%8c%d8%aa_%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87_%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84\" >chgrp  \u2013 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%da%a9%db%8c%d8%aa-%d9%88-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d8%af%d8%b1-rhel\/#%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88_%d8%a7%d8%b2_chgrp\" >\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0632 chgrp:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%da%a9%db%8c%d8%aa-%d9%88-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d8%af%d8%b1-rhel\/#chgrp_%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84_%d9%87%d8%a7\" >chgrp  \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" 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class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%da%a9%db%8c%d8%aa-%d9%88-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d8%af%d8%b1-rhel\/#%d9%86%d9%85%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87_%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a8%d9%87_umask\" >\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 umask<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%da%a9%db%8c%d8%aa-%d9%88-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d8%af%d8%b1-rhel\/#umask_%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84_%d9%87%d8%a7\" >umask  \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%da%a9%db%8c%d8%aa-%d9%88-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d8%af%d8%b1-rhel\/#%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa_%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%db%8c\" >\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%da%a9%db%8c%d8%aa-%d9%88-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d8%af%d8%b1-rhel\/#%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%af%d9%87_%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84\" >\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%da%a9%db%8c%d8%aa-%d9%88-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d8%af%d8%b1-rhel\/#%d8%aa%d8%ba%db%8c%db%8c%d8%b1_%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%da%a9%db%8c%d8%aa_%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84\" >\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%da%a9%db%8c%d8%aa-%d9%88-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d8%af%d8%b1-rhel\/#%d8%a8%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%87_%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c\" >\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 9<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<section class=\"post-content \" data-test-label=\"post-content\">\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u062f: <code>chown<\/code>\u060c <code>chgrp<\/code>\u060c <code>chmod<\/code>\u060c \u0648 <code>umask<\/code>.  \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"table-of-contents\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%81%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8\"><\/span><strong><strong><strong>\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ls -l \u2013 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/li>\n<li>chown &#8211; \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/li>\n<li>chgrp &#8211; \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/li>\n<li>chmod &#8211; \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 umask<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"ls-l-view-file-permissions\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ls_-l_%e2%80%93_%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%af%d9%87_%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84\"><\/span><code>ls -l<\/code>  &#8211; \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc Red Hat Enterprise Linux\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>ls -l<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0632\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06af \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0631\u06cc\u0632.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"ls-l-example\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ls_-l_%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84\"><\/span><code>ls -l<\/code>  \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">ls -l \/mydirectory<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">OUTPUT\n\ndrwxr-xr-x 2 username group 4096 Jan 5 09:30 mydirectory\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0645:<\/p>\n<figure class=\"kg-card kg-image-card kg-width-wide kg-card-hascaption\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Frame-1000004565.svg.svg+xml\" class=\"kg-image\" alt=\"Frame-1000004565\" width=\"989\" height=\"375\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\"><figcaption>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 ls -l<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627: \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 (<code>-<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u060c <code>d<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c <code>l<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc.).<\/li>\n<li>9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 (\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627) \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627: \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>Owner and Group: \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644: \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d: \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0634\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc: \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"chown-change-file-ownership\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"chown_%e2%80%93_%d8%aa%d8%ba%db%8c%db%8c%d8%b1_%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%da%a9%db%8c%d8%aa_%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84\"><\/span><code>chown<\/code>  &#8211; \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f <code>chown<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 &#8220;\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"syntax-of-chown-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88_%d8%a7%d8%b2_chown\"><\/span>\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0632 <code>chown<\/code>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chown [OPTIONS] [NEW_OWNER][:NEW_GROUP] FILE(s)\/DIRECTORY(s)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>R\u060c <code>--recursive<\/code>: \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>v <code>--verbose<\/code>: \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634 \u0634\u062f\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647: \u0641\u0642\u0637 root \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 chown \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"chown-examples-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"chown_%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84_%d9%87%d8%a7\"><\/span><code>chown<\/code>  \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chown newowner myfile.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 <code>newowner<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chown :newgroup myfile.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>myfile.txt<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u062f <code>newgroup<\/code>\u060c \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>chown<\/code>.  \u0627\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chown newowner:newgroup myfile.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>newowner<\/code> \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0647 <code>newgroup<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 myfile.txt.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc (\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0647 \u0647\u0627):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chown -R newowner:newgroup \/path\/to\/directory<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chown -v newowner:newgroup myfile.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>-v<\/code> \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627 <code>chown<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 UID\/GID:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chown 1001:1002 myfile.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a (1001\u060c 1002) \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"chgrp-change-file-group-ownership\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"chgrp_%e2%80%93_%d8%aa%d8%ba%db%8c%db%8c%d8%b1_%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%da%a9%db%8c%d8%aa_%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87_%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84\"><\/span><code>chgrp<\/code>  \u2013 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>chgrp<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"syntax-of-chgrp-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88_%d8%a7%d8%b2_chgrp\"><\/span>\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0632 <code>chgrp<\/code>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chgrp [OPTIONS] NEW_GROUP FILE...<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"chgrp-examples-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"chgrp_%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84_%d9%87%d8%a7\"><\/span><code>chgrp<\/code>  \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chgrp newgroup myfile.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>myfile.txt<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 <code>newgroup<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chgrp -R newgroup \/path\/to\/directory<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>newgroup<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0622\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chgrp -v newgroup myfile.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f <code>myfile.txt<\/code> \u0628\u0647 <code>newgroup<\/code> \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f process \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0636 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"chmod-modify-file-permissions\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"chmod_%e2%80%93_%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84_%d8%b1%d8%a7_%d8%aa%d8%ba%db%8c%db%8c%d8%b1_%d8%af%d9%87%db%8c%d8%af\"><\/span><code>chmod<\/code>  &#8211; \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 Red Hat Enterprise (RHEL) \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>chmod<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"syntax-of-chmod-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88_%d8%a7%d8%b2_chmod\"><\/span>\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0632 <code>chmod<\/code>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chmod [OPTIONS] MODE FILE...<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"permissions-\">\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 (<code>r<\/code>): \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 (<code>w<\/code>): \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 (<code>x<\/code>): \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 (\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627) \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"numeric-representation-\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>0<\/strong>: \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1<\/strong>: \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>2<\/strong>: \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>3<\/strong>: \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  (2+1)<\/li>\n<li><strong>4<\/strong>: \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>5<\/strong>: \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  (4+1)<\/li>\n<li><strong>6<\/strong>: \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646.  (4+2)<\/li>\n<li><strong>7<\/strong>: \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627.  (4+2+1)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"symbolic-representation-\">\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0646:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>u<\/code>: \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9.<\/li>\n<li><code>g<\/code>: \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647<\/li>\n<li><code>o<\/code>: \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><code>a<\/code>: \u0647\u0645\u0647 (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 <code>ugo<\/code>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"chmod-examples-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"chmod_%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84_%d9%87%d8%a7\"><\/span><code>chmod<\/code>  \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chmod 600 myfile.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 <code>chmod 600 myfile.txt<\/code>\u060c \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 <code>myfile.txt<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 ( <code>6<\/code> \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 <code><strong>6<\/strong>00<\/code>\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u06cc \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a (\u062f\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f 0 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 in <code>6<strong>00<\/strong><\/code>).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chmod 540 script.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f (<code>5<\/code>).  \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f (<code>4<\/code>).  \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 (\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f) \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f (<code>0<\/code>).<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0647 (\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627) \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chmod 777 important_file.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f <code>important_file.txt<\/code>.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chmod u+rw myfile.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 <code>myfile.txt<\/code> (<code>u<\/code>) \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 (<code>rw<\/code>) \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chmod o-w myfile.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646 (\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u2013 <code>o<\/code>) \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc <code>myfile.txt<\/code>  (<code>-w<\/code>).  \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"access-control-lists\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%da%a9%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%84_%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc (ACL) \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 Red Hat Enterprise (RHEL) \u067e\u0633\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.  \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc (\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627) \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n<li>ACL \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 Red Hat Enterprise (RHEL)\u060c <code>getfacl<\/code> \u0648 <code>setfacl<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc (ACL) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"access-control-list-examples-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%d9%85%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_%da%a9%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%84_%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 ACL \u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">getfacl filename<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a ACL \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 ACL:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0646\u062d\u0648:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">setfacl -m u:username:permissions filename<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">setfacl -m u:john:rw important_file.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 ACL \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f <code>important_file.txt<\/code>\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>john<\/code>.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>setfacl<\/code>: \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 ACL \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><code>-m<\/code>: \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 &#8220;modify&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d ACL \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><code>u:username:permissions<\/code>: \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0637\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><code>u<\/code>: \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><code>username<\/code>: \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><code>permissions<\/code>: \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"the-umask-command\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86_umask_%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86\"><\/span>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>umask<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 Red Hat Enterprise (RHEL)\u060c <code>umask<\/code> \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 &#8220;user file create mask.&#8221;  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0634\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0647 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f (\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 022\u060c 002\u060c \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647). <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647:<\/strong> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>umask<\/code> \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627: \u0628\u0627 666 (rw-rw-rw-) \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>umask<\/code> \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627: \u0628\u0627 777 (rwxrwxrwx) \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>umask<\/code> \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"example-of-calculating-umask\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%d9%85%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87_%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a8%d9%87_umask\"><\/span>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 <code>umask<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 umask \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f <code>022<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636: <code>666<\/code> (<code>rw-rw-rw-<\/code>)<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 Umask: <code>022<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 umask (<code>022<\/code>) \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 (<code>666<\/code>):<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9: <code>6 (rw)<\/code> &#8211; <code>0 (no write)<\/code> = <code>6 (rw-)<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647: <code>6 (rw)<\/code> &#8211; <code>2 (no write)<\/code> = <code>4 (r--)<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0642\u06cc\u0647: <code>6 (rw)<\/code> &#8211; <code>2 (no write)<\/code> = <code>4 (r--)<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 umask (<code>022<\/code>\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>644<\/code> (<code>rw-r--r--<\/code>).<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636: <code>777<\/code> (<code>rwxrwxrwx<\/code>)<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 Umask: <code>022<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 umask (<code>022<\/code>) \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 (<code>777<\/code>):<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9: <code>7 (rwx)<\/code> &#8211; <code>0 (no write)<\/code> = <code>7 (rwx)<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647: <code>7 (rwx)<\/code> &#8211; <code>2 (no write)<\/code> = <code>5 (r-x)<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0642\u06cc\u0647: <code>7 (rwx)<\/code> &#8211; <code>2 (no write)<\/code> = <code>5 (r-x)<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 umask (<code>022<\/code>\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>755<\/code> (<code>rwxr-xr-x<\/code>).<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 umask \u0627\u0632 <code>022<\/code>\u060c \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f <code>644<\/code> (<code>rw-r--r--<\/code>) \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f <code>755<\/code> (<code>rwxr-xr-x<\/code>).<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"umask-examples-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"umask_%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84_%d9%87%d8%a7\"><\/span><code>umask<\/code>  \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>umask<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">umask<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>umask<\/code><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">umask [new_umask_value]<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 (\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f) \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 umask \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>000<\/code>: \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0647 (\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f).<\/li>\n<li><code>022<\/code>: \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><code>077<\/code>: \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><code>002<\/code>: \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 <code>022<\/code>\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"permanent-umask-change\">\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u06cc <code>umask<\/code> \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>umask<\/code> (\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a).  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>\/etc\/profile<\/code>\u060c <code>\/etc\/bashrc<\/code>\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"> sudo nano \/etc\/profile<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 <code>umask<\/code> \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>umask<\/code> (\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u06cc).  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f (\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c <code>~\/.bashrc<\/code>\u060c <code>~\/.bash_profile<\/code>\u060c <code>~\/.profile<\/code>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">vim ~\/.bashrc<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>umask<\/code> \u062e\u0637 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">umask<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"practical-exercises\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa_%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%db%8c\"><\/span>\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062a<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"viewing-file-permissions-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%af%d9%87_%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84\"><\/span>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>ls -l<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\/\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"changing-file-ownership-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d8%ba%db%8c%db%8c%d8%b1_%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%da%a9%db%8c%d8%aa_%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84\"><\/span>\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>example.txt<\/code> \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u06cc (\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c <code>touch example.txt<\/code>).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>ls -l<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a <code>example.txt<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>chown<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a <code>example.txt<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc (\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 <code>newowner<\/code> \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc).<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>ls -l<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"changing-file-group-ownership-\">\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>data.txt<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>ls -l<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 <code>data.txt<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>chgrp<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 <code>data.txt<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc (\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 <code>newgroup<\/code> \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc).<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>ls -l<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"modifying-file-permissions-\">\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>script.sh<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>ls -l<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 <code>script.sh<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>chmod<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0648 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>ls -l<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"setting-acls-\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 ACL:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>secure_folder<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>getfacl<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 ACL \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>setfacl<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 (\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>john<\/code> \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc).<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a ACL \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>getfacl<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"understanding-umask-\">\u062f\u0631\u06a9 Umask:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 umask \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>umask<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>confidential.txt<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>ls -l<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 <code>confidential.txt<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 umask \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>027<\/code> \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>umask<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>secret.txt<\/code> \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"permanent-change-of-umask-\">\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u06cc Umask:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f (\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c <code>\/etc\/profile<\/code>\u060c <code>\/etc\/bashrc<\/code>) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 umask \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f (\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c <code>~\/.bashrc<\/code>\u060c <code>~\/.bash_profile<\/code>) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 umask \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0622\u0646\u060c \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"wrapping-up\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a8%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%87_%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc Red Hat (RHEL) \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u067e\u0627\u0633\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0645. <\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 Red Hat Enterprise \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645. <\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u063a\u0648\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Kedar__98\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u062a\u0631<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 1403-01-17 02:05:06<br \/>\n<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;15779&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 (0 \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;30&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0631 RHEL&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} ({count} \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 9<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06cc 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\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a. \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc 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