{"id":15903,"date":"2024-01-18T12:25:37","date_gmt":"2024-01-18T08:55:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b2-sqlalchemy-%d8%a8%d8%a7-flask-%d9%88-postgresql\/"},"modified":"2024-01-18T12:25:37","modified_gmt":"2024-01-18T08:55:37","slug":"%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b2-sqlalchemy-%d8%a8%d8%a7-flask-%d9%88-postgresql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b2-sqlalchemy-%d8%a8%d8%a7-flask-%d9%88-postgresql\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 SQLAlchemy \u0628\u0627 Flask \u0648 PostgreSQL"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b2-sqlalchemy-%d8%a8%d8%a7-flask-%d9%88-postgresql\/#%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c\" >\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b2-sqlalchemy-%d8%a8%d8%a7-flask-%d9%88-postgresql\/#orm_%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%88_%da%86%d8%b1%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d8%a2%d9%86_%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%da%a9%d9%86%db%8c%d9%85%d8%9f\" >ORM \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b2-sqlalchemy-%d8%a8%d8%a7-flask-%d9%88-postgresql\/#sqlalchemy_orm\" >SQLAlchemy ORM<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b2-sqlalchemy-%d8%a8%d8%a7-flask-%d9%88-postgresql\/#%d9%81%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%da%a9_%d8%a8%d8%a7_sqlalchemy\" >\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06a9 \u0628\u0627 SQLAlchemy<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b2-sqlalchemy-%d8%a8%d8%a7-flask-%d9%88-postgresql\/#%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4_%d9%86%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%b2%d9%87%d8%a7\" >\u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b2-sqlalchemy-%d8%a8%d8%a7-flask-%d9%88-postgresql\/#%d9%be%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c\" >\u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b2-sqlalchemy-%d8%a8%d8%a7-flask-%d9%88-postgresql\/#%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af_%d9%88_%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%af%d9%86_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%af%db%8c%d8%aa_%d9%87%d8%a7\" >\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b2-sqlalchemy-%d8%a8%d8%a7-flask-%d9%88-postgresql\/#%d8%a8%d9%87_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b2_%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c_%d9%88_%d8%ad%d8%b0%d9%81_%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87%d8%a7\" >\u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b2-sqlalchemy-%d8%a8%d8%a7-flask-%d9%88-postgresql\/#%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\" >\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 10<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div><noscript><\/noscript><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"introduction\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SQL\">\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647<\/a> (SQL) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0622\u0646.  \u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u06cc SQL \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 SQL \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c <em>\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06cc (ORM)<\/em> \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0645\u062f &#8211; \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 ORM \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlalchemy.org\/\">SQLAlchemy<\/a>.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 ORM \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 SQLAlchemy \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/flask.palletsprojects.com\/\">\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06a9<\/a> \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"whatisanormandwhyuseit\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"orm_%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%88_%da%86%d8%b1%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d8%a2%d9%86_%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%da%a9%d9%86%db%8c%d9%85%d8%9f\"><\/span>ORM \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><em>\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0634\u06cc &#8211; \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u06cc<\/em>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u0647\u0627 <em>\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621<\/em> \u0628\u0647 <em>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u06cc<\/em> \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627.  \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u060c <em>\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621<\/em> \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627 <em>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u06cc<\/em> \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627 &#8211; \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\/\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0634\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f process \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06a9\u062f SQL \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0632\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 ORM \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 DRY \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f (<em>\u062e\u0648\u062f\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06a9\u0646<\/em>) \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06a9\u062f SQL \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>ORM \u0647\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.  \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 SQL \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 MySQL \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 MSSQL \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 SQL \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u06cc\u06a9 ORM\u060c \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 ORM \u0647\u0627 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u067e\u0648\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 ORM \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 ORM \u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sqlalchemyorm\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"sqlalchemy_orm\"><\/span>SQLAlchemy ORM<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><em>SQLAlchemy<\/em> \u06cc\u06a9 ORM \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc SQL \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0632\u062d\u0645\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>SQLAlchemy \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.python.org\/dev\/peps\/pep-0249\/\">API \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 (DBAPI \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646)<\/a> \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u0647\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>DBAPI \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 SQLAlchemy \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 <em>SQLAlchemy ORM<\/em> \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.sqlalchemy.org\/en\/13\/core\/\">\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 SQLAlchemy<\/a> &#8211; \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 DBAPI \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 SQL \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c SQLAlchemy Core \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc SQL \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 SQLAlchemy ORM \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u06af\u0646\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.  \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/initd.org\/psycopg\/\">Pyscopg<\/a> \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc PostgreSQL \u0627\u0632 DBAPI \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627 SQLAlchemy \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 Postgres \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 MySQL\u060c <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pymysql.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/\">PyMySQL<\/a> \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc DBAPI \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>SQLAlchemy \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 Oracle \u0648 Microsoft SQL Server \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u06a9\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc SQLAlchemy \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 Reddit\u060c Yelp\u060c DropBox \u0648 Survey Monkey \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc ORM\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 Flask API \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 Postgres \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"flaskwithsqlalchemy\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%81%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%da%a9_%d8%a8%d8%a7_sqlalchemy\"><\/span>\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06a9 \u0628\u0627 SQLAlchemy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Flask \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0631\u06a9 \u0633\u0628\u06a9 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 RESTful API \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <em>Flask-SQLAlchemy<\/em> \u067e\u0633\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 API \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 Postgres.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"prerequisites\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4_%d9%86%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%b2%d9%87%d8%a7\"><\/span>\u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/\">PostgreSQL<\/a> (\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 Postgres \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 API \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 Postgres \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06a9\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0645 <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/eggerapps.at\/postico\/\" class=\"broken_link\">\u067e\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u0648<\/a> \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0634\u0647\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pgadmin.org\/download\/\">PgAdmin<\/a> \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 Dockerized \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> virtualenv --python=python3 env --no-site-packages<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">source<\/span> env\/bin\/activate<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> pip install psycopg2-binary<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> pip install flask-sqlalchemy<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> pip install Flask-Migrate<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u06cc\u06a9 virtualenv \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0631 Psycopg2 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c flask-sqlalchemy \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 Flask-Migrate \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><code>Flask-Migrate<\/code>  \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/alembic.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u06cc\u06a9<\/a>\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u0686\u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"implementation\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%be%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c\"><\/span>\u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 API \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a.  \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 PostgreSQL \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 API \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a CRUD \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>cars_api<\/code> \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc PostgreSQL \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0627:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/stackabuse.s3.amazonaws.com\/media\/using-sqlalchemy-with-flask-and-postgresql-1.png\" alt=\"sqlalchemy_create_db\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645.  \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u067e \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 Flask API \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>apps.py<\/code> \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> flask <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> Flask\n\napp = Flask(__name__)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">@app.route(<span class=\"hljs-params\"><span class=\"hljs-string\">'\/'<\/span><\/span>)<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">hello<\/span>():<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> {<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"hello\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"world\"<\/span>}\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> __name__ == <span class=\"hljs-string\">'__main__'<\/span>:\n    app.run(debug=<span class=\"hljs-literal\">True<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 Flask \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc JSON \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/flask-sqlalchemy.palletsprojects.com\/en\/2.x\/\">Flask-SQLAlchemy<\/a> \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f SQLAlchemy \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc Flask \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <em>Flask-SQLAlchemy<\/em> \u0648 <em>\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06a9 &#8211; \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a<\/em> \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 <code>app.py<\/code> \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 <em>\u0645\u062f\u0644<\/em> \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> flask_sqlalchemy <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> SQLAlchemy\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> flask_migrate <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> Migrate\n\napp = Flask(__name__)\napp.config(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'<\/span>) = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"postgresql:\/\/postgres:postgres@localhost:5432\/cars_api\"<\/span>\ndb = SQLAlchemy(app)\nmigrate = Migrate(app, db)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">CarsModel<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">db.Model<\/span>):<\/span>\n    __tablename__ = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'cars'<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">id<\/span> = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=<span class=\"hljs-literal\">True<\/span>)\n    name = db.Column(db.String())\n    model = db.Column(db.String())\n    doors = db.Column(db.Integer())\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, name, model, doors<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.name = name\n        self.model = model\n        self.doors = doors\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__repr__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">f\"&lt;Car <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{self.name}<\/span>&gt;\"<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a <code>flask_sqlalchemy<\/code>\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 URI \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 URI \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u067e\u0633 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 Flask-SQLAlchemy \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>db<\/code> \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 Flask-Migrate \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>migrate<\/code>\u060c \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>CarsModel<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>__tablename__<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06a9 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>flask run<\/code>.  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 Flask \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">export<\/span> FLASK_APP=app.py<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> flask run<\/span>\n * Serving Flask app \"app.py\" (lazy loading)\n * Environment: development\n * Debug mode: \u0631\u0648\u06cc\n * Running \u0631\u0648\u06cc http:\/\/127.0.0.1:5000\/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)\n * Restarting with stat\n * Debugger is active!\n * Debugger PIN: 172-503-577\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648 <code>Flask-Migrate<\/code> \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>cars<\/code> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> flask db init<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> flask db migrate<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> flask db upgrade<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627  \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>cars<\/code> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>flask db upgrade<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/using-sqlalchemy-with-flask-and-postgresql-2.png\" alt=\"sqlalchemy_db_upgrade\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647\u060c \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>migrate<\/code> \u0648 <code>upgrade<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"creatingandreadingentities\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af_%d9%88_%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%af%d9%86_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%af%db%8c%d8%aa_%d9%87%d8%a7\"><\/span>\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a CRUD \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>car<\/code>\u060c \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\n\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">@app.route(<span class=\"hljs-params\"><span class=\"hljs-string\">'\/cars'<\/span>, methods=(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'POST'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'GET'<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">handle_cars<\/span>():<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> request.method == <span class=\"hljs-string\">'POST'<\/span>:\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> request.is_json:\n            data = request.get_json()\n            new_car = CarsModel(name=data(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'name'<\/span>), model=data(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'model'<\/span>), doors=data(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'doors'<\/span>))\n            db.session.add(new_car)\n            db.session.commit()\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> {<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"message\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">f\"car <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{new_car.name}<\/span> has been created successfully.\"<\/span>}\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">else<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> {<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"error\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"The request payload is not in JSON format\"<\/span>}\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">elif<\/span> request.method == <span class=\"hljs-string\">'GET'<\/span>:\n        cars = CarsModel.query.<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">all<\/span>()\n        results = (\n            {\n                <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"name\"<\/span>: car.name,\n                <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"model\"<\/span>: car.model,\n                <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"doors\"<\/span>: car.doors\n            } <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> car <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> cars)\n\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> {<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"count\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">len<\/span>(results), <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"cars\"<\/span>: results}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 a \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>\/cars<\/code> \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062f <code>GET<\/code> \u0648 <code>POST<\/code> \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>GET<\/code> \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 <code>POST<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 JSON \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 <code>CarsModel<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>cars<\/code> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644.  \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 <code>CarsModel<\/code> \u0634\u06cc\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>car<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 commit \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>db.session.commit()<\/code> \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 DB \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u062f\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f Postman \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/using-sqlalchemy-with-flask-and-postgresql-3.png\" alt=\"sqlalchemy_postman\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/using-sqlalchemy-with-flask-and-postgresql-4.png\" alt=\"sqlalchemy_db\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u060c <code>GET<\/code> \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>CarsModel.query.all()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 Flask-SQLAlchemy \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0632 <code>CarsModel<\/code> \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0628\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 API \u062f\u0631 Postman \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/using-sqlalchemy-with-flask-and-postgresql-5.png\" alt=\"sqlalchemy_postman_2\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>GET<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0627 <code>\/cars<\/code> endpoint \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f <em>\u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/em> \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648\u06cc SQL \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062f.  SQLAlchemy \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"updatinganddeletingentities\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a8%d9%87_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b2_%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c_%d9%88_%d8%ad%d8%b0%d9%81_%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87%d8%a7\"><\/span>\u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a CRUD \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 API \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0627\/\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 HTTP \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f <code>GET<\/code>\u060c <code>PUT<\/code>\u060c \u0648 <code>DELETE<\/code>\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06af\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f <code>handle_car()<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\n\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">@app.route(<span class=\"hljs-params\"><span class=\"hljs-string\">'\/cars\/&lt;car_id&gt;'<\/span>, methods=(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'GET'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'PUT'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'DELETE'<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">handle_car<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">car_id<\/span>):<\/span>\n    car = CarsModel.query.get_or_404(car_id)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> request.method == <span class=\"hljs-string\">'GET'<\/span>:\n        response = {\n            <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"name\"<\/span>: car.name,\n            <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"model\"<\/span>: car.model,\n            <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"doors\"<\/span>: car.doors\n        }\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> {<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"message\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"success\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"car\"<\/span>: response}\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">elif<\/span> request.method == <span class=\"hljs-string\">'PUT'<\/span>:\n        data = request.get_json()\n        car.name = data(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'name'<\/span>)\n        car.model = data(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'model'<\/span>)\n        car.doors = data(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'doors'<\/span>)\n        db.session.add(car)\n        db.session.commit()\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> {<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"message\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">f\"car <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{car.name}<\/span> successfully updated\"<\/span>}\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">elif<\/span> request.method == <span class=\"hljs-string\">'DELETE'<\/span>:\n        db.session.delete(car)\n        db.session.commit()\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> {<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"message\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">f\"Car <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{car.name}<\/span> successfully deleted.\"<\/span>}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0627 <code>handle_car()<\/code> \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>car_id<\/code> \u0627\u0632 URL \u0648 \u0634\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>GET<\/code>\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/using-sqlalchemy-with-flask-and-postgresql-6.png\" alt=\"sqlalchemy_postman_3\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 <code>PUT<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0648 \u0646\u0647 <code>PATCH<\/code>.  \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f <code>PUT<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>PATCH<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc a <code>CarsModel<\/code> \u062b\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 <code>db.session.commit()<\/code> \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/using-sqlalchemy-with-flask-and-postgresql-7.png\" alt=\"sqlalchemy_postman_4\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>DELETE<\/code> \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc  \u0628\u0627 <code>CarsModel<\/code> \u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>db.session.delete(car)<\/code> \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0639\u06a9\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/using-sqlalchemy-with-flask-and-postgresql-8.png\" alt=\"sqlalchemy_postman_5\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\"><\/span>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>SQLAlchemy \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/flask-sqlalchemy.palletsprojects.com\/\">\u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc Flask-SQLAlchemy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f.  \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 Binds \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/flask-sqlalchemy.palletsprojects.com\/en\/2.x\/binds\/\">\u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f page<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc ORM \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 ORM SQLAlchemy \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 Flask \u0648 Flask-SQLAlchemy\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 API \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u06cc PostgreSQL \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ro6ley\/cars_in_a_flask\">GitHub<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>\n                        !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s)\n                        {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?\n                        n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};\n                        if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';\n                        n.queue=();t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;\n                        t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)(0);\n                        s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script',\n                        'https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/fbevents.js');\n                        fbq('init', '525232124909042');\n                        fbq('track', 'PageView');\n                    <\/script>    (\u0628\u0631\u0686\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647)# python<br \/>\n<br \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 1403-01-18 12:25:03<br \/>\n<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;15903&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 (0 \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;30&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 SQLAlchemy \u0628\u0627 Flask \u0648 PostgreSQL&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} ({count} \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 10<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 (SQL) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0622\u0646. \u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u06cc SQL \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":15904,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1743,620],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15903","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python","category-programming"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15903","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15903"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15903\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15904"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15903"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15903"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15903"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}