{"id":16001,"date":"2024-01-19T15:53:00","date_gmt":"2024-01-19T12:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/opengl-%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%87-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pygame-%d9%88-pyopengl\/"},"modified":"2024-01-19T15:53:00","modified_gmt":"2024-01-19T12:23:00","slug":"opengl-%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%87-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pygame-%d9%88-pyopengl","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/opengl-%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%87-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pygame-%d9%88-pyopengl\/","title":{"rendered":"OpenGL \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627 PyGame \u0648 PyOpenGL"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/opengl-%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%87-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pygame-%d9%88-pyopengl\/#%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c\" >\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/opengl-%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%87-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pygame-%d9%88-pyopengl\/#%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87_%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c_%db%8c%da%a9_%d9%be%d8%b1%d9%88%da%98%d9%87_%d8%a8%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d8%a7%d8%b2_pygame\" >\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 PyGame<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/opengl-%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%87-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pygame-%d9%88-pyopengl\/#%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c_%d8%a7%d8%b4%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%a1\" >\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/opengl-%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%87-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pygame-%d9%88-pyopengl\/#%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c%d9%85%db%8c%d8%b4%d9%86_%d8%aa%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c\" >\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/opengl-%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%87-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pygame-%d9%88-pyopengl\/#%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%b3_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%af%db%8c%d9%84\" >\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/opengl-%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%87-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pygame-%d9%88-pyopengl\/#%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%af%db%8c%d9%84_%da%86%d9%86%d8%af%da%af%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%87\" >\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/opengl-%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%87-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pygame-%d9%88-pyopengl\/#%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84_%d9%be%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c\" >\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/opengl-%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%87-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pygame-%d9%88-pyopengl\/#%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\" >\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 8<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div><noscript><\/noscript><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"introduction\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631\u06a9 OpenGL \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645. <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opengl.org\/\" class=\"broken_link\">OpenGL<\/a> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pygame.org\/news\">PyGame<\/a> \u0648 <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pyopengl.sourceforge.net\/\">PyOpenGL<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>PyOpenGL \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648 API\u0647\u0627\u06cc OpenGL \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 PyGame \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u060c OpenGL \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0633\u06af \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0646 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"initializingaprojectusingpygame\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87_%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c_%db%8c%da%a9_%d9%be%d8%b1%d9%88%da%98%d9%87_%d8%a8%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d8%a7%d8%b2_pygame\"><\/span>\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 PyGame<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f PyGame \u0648 PyOpenGL \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> python3 -m pip install -U pygame --user<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> python3 -m pip install PyOpenGL PyOpenGL_accelerate<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f<\/strong>: \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc OpenGL \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c PyGame <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pygame.org\/wiki\/GettingStarted\">&#8220;\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u062f\u0646&#8221;<\/a> \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 3 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u062a\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 PyGame \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f process \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 import \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0632 OpenGL \u0648 PyGame:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> pygame <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">as<\/span> pg\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> pygame.<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">locals<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> *\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> OpenGL.GL <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> *\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> OpenGL.GLU <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> *\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">pg.init()\nwindowSize = (<span class=\"hljs-number\">1920<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1080<\/span>)\npg.display.set_mode(display, DOUBLEBUF|OPENGL)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0647 \u062e\u0637 \u06a9\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>pg.init()<\/code>: \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc PyGame &#8211; \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0647\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/li>\n<li><code>windowSize = (1920, 1080)<\/code>: \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0647 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a<\/li>\n<li><code>pg.display.set_mode(display, DOUBLEBUF|OPENGL)<\/code>: \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 OpenGL \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <em>\u0628\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f &#8211; \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.  \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645 swap.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u00ab\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u00bb \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062c\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0686\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a <strong>\u0633\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06af\u06cc<\/strong> &#8211; \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0631\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f (\u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u062f).<\/p>\n<p>\u0622 <em>\u0633\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06af\u06cc<\/em> \u0628\u0627 4 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>FOV (\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u062f)<\/strong>: \u0632\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/strong>: \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062a z \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9<\/strong>: <em>\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u06cc<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062a z \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0648\u0631<\/strong>: <em>\u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u06cc<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u062c\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062f OpenGL C \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">gluPerspective<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">(GLdouble fovy, GLdouble aspect, GLdouble zNear, GLdouble zFar)<\/span><\/span>;\ngluPerspective(<span class=\"hljs-number\">60<\/span>, (display(<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>)\/display(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>)), <span class=\"hljs-number\">0.1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">100.0<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 frustum\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/advanced-opengl-in-python-pygame-and-pyopengl-1.png\" alt=\"\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0645\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0647\u0631 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0631 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VqH8kcmD-HI\">\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0626\u0648\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc<\/a> \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0646\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 frustum \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"drawingobjects\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c_%d8%a7%d8%b4%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%a1\"><\/span>\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0648 \u0634\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 Super Star Destroyer \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u061f<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u062e\u0648\u0628&#8230; <em>\u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647<\/em>.  \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc OpenGL \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 (\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f) \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u06a9 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f!<\/p>\n<p>\u0686\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 OpenGL \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0626\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 OpenGL \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627<\/strong>: \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0641\u0638\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637<\/strong>: \u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0641\u062a \u0631\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u062f<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b\u0647\u0627<\/strong>: \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0647 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0644\u0639\u06cc<\/strong>: \u0647\u0631 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0644\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0686\u0646\u062f \u0636\u0644\u0639\u06cc<\/strong>: \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u062f\u06cc<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631&#8230;<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 OpenGL \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06a9\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">cubeVertices = ((<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>),(-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>),(-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>),(-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>),(-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/advanced-opengl-in-python-pygame-and-pyopengl-2.png\" alt=\"\u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06a9\u0639\u0628\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u067e\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06a9\u0639\u0628 \u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0639\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">cubeEdges = ((<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span>))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a &#8211; \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 <code>0<\/code> \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627 <code>1<\/code>\u060c <code>3<\/code>\u060c \u0648 <code>4<\/code>.  \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 <code>1<\/code> \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>3<\/code>\u060c <code>5<\/code>\u060c \u0648 <code>7<\/code>\u060c \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06a9\u0639\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0644\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0639\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">cubeQuads = ((<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a &#8211; \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0644\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 &#8220;\u0631\u0646\u06af&#8221; \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>0<\/code>\u060c <code>3<\/code>\u060c <code>6<\/code>\u060c \u0648 <code>4<\/code>.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0686\u0633\u0628 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06a9\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u06a9\u0639\u0628 \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">wireCube<\/span>():<\/span>\n    glBegin(GL_LINES)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> cubeEdge <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> cubeEdges:\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> cubeVertex <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> cubeEdge:\n            glVertex3fv(cubeVertices(cubeVertex))\n    glEnd()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>glBegin()<\/code>  \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.  \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>glEnd()<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><code>GL_LINES<\/code>  \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><code>glVertex3fv()<\/code>  \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>glVertex<\/code>: \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/li>\n<li><code>glVertex3<\/code>: \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 3 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/li>\n<li><code>glVertex3f<\/code>: \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 3 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>GLfloat<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>glVertex3fv<\/code>: \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 3 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>GLfloat<\/code> \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 (\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc) \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f (\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f <code>glVertex3fl<\/code> \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06a9\u0639\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">solidCube<\/span>():<\/span>\n    glBegin(GL_QUADS)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> cubeQuad <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> cubeQuads:\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> cubeVertex <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> cubeQuad:\n            glVertex3fv(cubeVertices(cubeVertex))\n    glEnd()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"iterativeanimation\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c%d9%85%db%8c%d8%b4%d9%86_%d8%aa%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f <em>&#8220;\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644&#8221;<\/em> \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> event <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> pg.event.get():\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> event.<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span> == pg.QUIT:\n        pg.quit()\n        quit()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0646\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc PyGame \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647 &#8220;\u06a9\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0647&#8221; \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc PyGame \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f &#8211; \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0634\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f <em>\u0628\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647<\/em>\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f (\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f) \u06a9\u0647 swap \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">handleEvents()\nglClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)\ndoTransformationsAndDrawing()\npg.display.flip()\npg.time.wait(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><code>glClear<\/code>: \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 (\u0628\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0627) \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c <em>\u0628\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0631\u0646\u06af<\/em> (\u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a) \u0648 <em>\u0628\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0642<\/em> (\u0628\u0627\u0641\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062c\u0644\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0634\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f).<\/li>\n<li><code>pg.display.flip()<\/code>: \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/li>\n<li><code>pg.time.wait(1)<\/code>: \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><code>glClear<\/code>  \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0634\u0641\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 <em>\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/em>\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 <code>while<\/code> \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0627:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 (\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646)<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/li>\n<li>GOTO 1.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">while<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">True<\/span>:\n    handleEvents()\n    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)\n    doTransformationsAndDrawing()\n    pg.display.flip()\n    pg.time.wait(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"utilizingtransformationmatrices\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%b3_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%af%db%8c%d9%84\"><\/span>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>OpenGL \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">glTranslatef(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>)\nglRotatef(<span class=\"hljs-number\">30<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>)\nglTranslatef(-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 <em>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 z<\/em> \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0634 \u062f\u0631 <em>xy-plane<\/em> \u0628\u0627 <em>\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0634<\/em> \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 <code>(1,1,1)<\/code> \u0628\u0627 30 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u062c \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><em>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 z<\/em> \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 z \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0634 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645<br \/>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <em>xy-plane<\/em> \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc <code>z=0<\/code> (\u0645\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 z \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645)<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0634 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0686\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 (\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a. <code>(0,0,0)<\/code>)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f &#8211; OpenGL \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0633\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <strong>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 OpenGL \u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\n\nglTranslatef(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>)\n\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0644 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 OpenGL \u0633\u0637\u062d \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0632 OpenGL\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a <em>\u0647\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646<\/em> \u0648 <em>\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646<\/em> \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 &#8211; <code>glPushMatrix()<\/code> \u0648 <code>glPopMatrix()<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\nglPushMatrix()\nglTranslatef(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>)\ngenerateObject() \nglPopMatrix()\ngenerateSecondObject() \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f <strong>Last-in-First-Out<\/strong> \u0627\u0635\u0644 (LIFO)  \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 <em>\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646<\/em> \u0622\u06cc \u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a <em>\u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/em> \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627 <em>\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0646<\/em> \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"multipletransformationexecution\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%af%db%8c%d9%84_%da%86%d9%86%d8%af%da%af%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%87\"><\/span>\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 OpenGL\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u06a9\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.  \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\nglTranslatef(-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>)\nglRotatef(<span class=\"hljs-number\">30<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>)\ndrawObject1()\n\n\n\nglRotatef(<span class=\"hljs-number\">30<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>)\nglTranslatef(-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>)\ndrawObject2()\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 Object1 \u0645\u06cc \u0686\u0631\u062e\u062f\u060c \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 Object2 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0645\u06cc \u0686\u0631\u062e\u062f.  \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"implementationexample\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84_%d9%be%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u06a9\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06a9\u0639\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 1 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062f <code>(1,1,1)<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631  \u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06a9\u0639\u0628 \u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f <code>cubeQuads<\/code> \u0628\u0627 <code>cubeEdges<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> pygame <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">as<\/span> pg\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> pygame.<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">locals<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> *\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> OpenGL.GL <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> *\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> OpenGL.GLU <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> *\n\ncubeVertices = ((<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>),(-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>),(-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>),(-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>),(-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>))\ncubeEdges = ((<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span>))\ncubeQuads = ((<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>))\n\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">wireCube<\/span>():<\/span>\n    glBegin(GL_LINES)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> cubeEdge <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> cubeEdges:\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> cubeVertex <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> cubeEdge:\n            glVertex3fv(cubeVertices(cubeVertex))\n    glEnd()\n\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">solidCube<\/span>():<\/span>\n    glBegin(GL_QUADS)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> cubeQuad <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> cubeQuads:\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> cubeVertex <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> cubeQuad:\n            glVertex3fv(cubeVertices(cubeVertex))\n    glEnd()\n\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">main<\/span>():<\/span>\n    pg.init()\n    display = (<span class=\"hljs-number\">1680<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">1050<\/span>)\n    pg.display.set_mode(display, DOUBLEBUF|OPENGL)\n\n    gluPerspective(<span class=\"hljs-number\">45<\/span>, (display(<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>)\/display(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>)), <span class=\"hljs-number\">0.1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">50.0<\/span>)\n\n    glTranslatef(<span class=\"hljs-number\">0.0<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">0.0<\/span>, -<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">while<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">True<\/span>:\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> event <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> pg.event.get():\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> event.<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span> == pg.QUIT:\n                pg.quit()\n                quit()\n\n        glRotatef(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>)\n        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)\n        solidCube()\n        \n        pg.display.flip()\n        pg.time.wait(<span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> __name__ == <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"__main__\"<\/span>:\n    main()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0647 PyGame \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0645\u06a9\u0639\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/advanced-opengl-in-python-pygame-and-pyopengl-3.gif\" alt=\"\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0645\u06a9\u0639\u0628 pygame\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\"><\/span>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f <em>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc<\/em> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f OpenGL &#8211; \u0646\u0648\u0631\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 OpenGL \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>\n                        !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s)\n                        {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?\n                        n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};\n                        if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';\n                        n.queue=();t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;\n                        t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)(0);\n                        s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script',\n                        'https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/fbevents.js');\n                        fbq('init', '525232124909042');\n                        fbq('track', 'PageView');\n                    <\/script>    (\u0628\u0631\u0686\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647)# python<br \/>\n<br \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 1403-01-19 15:52:04<br \/>\n<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;16001&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 (0 \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;30&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;OpenGL \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627 PyGame \u0648 PyOpenGL&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} ({count} \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        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style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 8<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631\u06a9 OpenGL \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645. OpenGL \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 PyGame \u0648 PyOpenGL. PyOpenGL \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648 API\u0647\u0627\u06cc OpenGL \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 PyGame \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":16002,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1743,620],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16001","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python","category-programming"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16001","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16001"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16001\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16002"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16001"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16001"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16001"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}