{"id":16291,"date":"2024-01-23T03:50:29","date_gmt":"2024-01-23T00:20:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pytest\/"},"modified":"2024-01-23T03:50:29","modified_gmt":"2024-01-23T00:20:29","slug":"%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pytest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pytest\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627 pytest"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pytest\/#%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c\" >\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pytest\/#%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%af%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1\" >\u062a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pytest\/#%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86_pytest_%d9%85%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84\" >\u0627\u06cc\u0646 pytest \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pytest\/#%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87_%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%b1_%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%9f\" >\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pytest\/#%da%86%d8%b1%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d8%b2_tdd_%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af_%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87_%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%da%a9%d9%86%db%8c%d9%85%d8%9f\" >\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 TDD \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pytest\/#%d9%be%d9%88%d8%b4%d8%b4_%da%a9%d8%af\" >\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u06a9\u062f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pytest\/#%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84_%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%ba%d8%a7%d9%85\" >\u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pytest\/#%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9_is_prime\" >\u062a\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 ()is_prime<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pytest\/#%d8%a2%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4_sum_of_primes\" >\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 sum_of_primes()<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pytest\/#%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84_%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%87_%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b4%d8%aa%d9%86_%db%8c%da%a9_%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%af%db%8c\" >\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647: \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pytest\/#%d9%88%db%8c%da%98%da%af%db%8c_%d9%87%d8%a7_%d9%88_%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87_%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%b2%db%8c_%d8%a2%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%88%d9%86\" >\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pytest\/#%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86_%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%87%d8%a7\" >\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pytest\/#%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84\" >\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pytest\/#%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%be%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c\" >\u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pytest\/#%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%b9_%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c_%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%af%db%8c_%d9%85%d8%a7\" >\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7-pytest\/#%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\" >\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 17<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div><noscript><\/noscript><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"introduction\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 (TDD)<\/strong> \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.pytest.org\/en\/latest\/\">pytest<\/a> &#8211; \u06cc\u06a9 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"automatedtesting\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%af%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1\"><\/span>\u062a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <em>\u062a\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc<\/em>.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u061f  \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u062e\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u062f \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"thepytestmodule\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86_pytest_%d9%85%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84\"><\/span>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>pytest<\/code> \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f &#8211; the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/unittest.html\">\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634<\/a> \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647  \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 <code>unittest<\/code> \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f <code>pytest<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>pytest<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 <code>unittest<\/code>.  \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 <code>pytest<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 <code>unittest<\/code> \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. <code>pytest<\/code> \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f <code>unittest<\/code> \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"whatistestdrivendevelopment\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87_%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%b1_%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%9f\"><\/span>\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Test-Driven Development \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062f\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 process \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 <strong>\u0642\u0631\u0645\u0632-\u0633\u0628\u0632-\u0631\u0641\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/strong> \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0647:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u062f \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f &#8211; <em>\u0642\u0631\u0645\u0632<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f &#8211; <em>\u0633\u0628\u0632<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Refactor<\/em> \u06a9\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u06cc\u0641\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"whyusetddtocreateapplications\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%da%86%d8%b1%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d8%b2_tdd_%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af_%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87_%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%da%a9%d9%86%db%8c%d9%85%d8%9f\"><\/span>\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 TDD \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 TDD \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f.  \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c TDD \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f &#8211; TDD \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u062f\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u062f &#8211; \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>TDD \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a &#8211; \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u06af\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u062f\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.  \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06a9\u062f \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"codecoverage\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%be%d9%88%d8%b4%d8%b4_%da%a9%d8%af\"><\/span>\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u06a9\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 100\u066a \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u06a9\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647<\/li>\n<li>\u0686\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0686\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0647 (<code>if<\/code> \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644) \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u06a9\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>pytest<\/code>\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pytest-dev\/pytest-cov\">pytest-cov<\/a> \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u06a9\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0628\u0627\u06af \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a.  \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a <em>\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646<\/em> \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"unittestvsintegrationtests\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84_%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%ba%d8%a7%d9%85\"><\/span>\u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><em>\u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/em> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 <em>\u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645<\/em> \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.  \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f <em>\u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/em>\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>TDD \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0648\u0646\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06af\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.  \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 TDD\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>primes<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627  \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f: <code>primes.py<\/code>\u060c <code>test_primes.py<\/code>.  \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><code>pytest<\/code>  \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627 &#8220;test_&#8221; \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627 &#8220;_test&#8221; \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.py(\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>primes_test.py<\/code>).<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 <code>primes<\/code> \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> python3 -m venv env <\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> . env\/bin\/activate <\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> pip install --upgrade pip <\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> pip install pytest <\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"testingtheis_primefunction\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9_is_prime\"><\/span>\u062a\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 ()is_prime<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 1 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0631 1 \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f <code>True<\/code> \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 <code>False<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 <code>test_primes.py<\/code>\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">test_prime_low_number<\/span>():<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> is_prime(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>) == <span class=\"hljs-literal\">False<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>assert()<\/code> \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 (\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631) \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645 <code>1<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 <code>1<\/code>\u060c \u067e\u0633 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> pytest<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>pytest -v<\/code>.  \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a (\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>(env)<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0637 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 terminal).<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">    def test_prime_low_number():\n&gt;       assert is_prime(1) == False\nE       NameError: name 'is_prime' is not defined\n\ntest_primes.py:2: NameError\n========================================================= 1 failed in 0.12 seconds =========================================================\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 a <code>NameError<\/code>\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u0642\u0631\u0645\u0632&#8221; \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0645\u0632-\u0633\u0628\u0632- \u0641\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><code>pytest<\/code>  \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0647\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0642\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>primes.py<\/code> \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">is_prime<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">num<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> num == <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>:\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">False<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f<\/strong>: \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0646\u06af\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f.  \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0641\u06a9\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u06af\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>pytest<\/code> \u06cc\u06a9\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631.  \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">=========================================================== test session starts ============================================================\nplatform darwin -- Python 3.7.3, pytest-4.4.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0\nrootdir: \/Users\/marcus\/rasanegar\/test-driven-development-with-pytest\/primes\nplugins: cov-2.6.1\ncollected 1 item\n\ntest_primes.py .                                                                                                                     (100%)\n\n========================================================= 1 passed in 0.04 seconds =========================================================\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u062f!  \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 1 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 0 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 <code>is_prime()<\/code> \u0628\u0647:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">is_prime<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">num<\/span>):<\/span>\n    \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> num &lt; <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>:\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">False<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>pytest<\/code> \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u060c \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0634\u062a \u0633\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>test_primes.py<\/code> \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">test_prime_prime_number<\/span>():<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> is_prime(<span class=\"hljs-number\">29<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>pytest<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">    def test_prime_prime_number():\n&gt;       assert is_prime(29)\nE       assert None\nE        +  where None = is_prime(29)\n\ntest_primes.py:9: AssertionError\n============================================================= warnings summary =============================================================\ntest_primes.py::test_prime_prime_number\n  \/Users\/marcus\/rasanegar\/test-driven-development-with-pytest\/primes\/test_primes.py:9: PytestWarning: asserting the value None, please use \"assert is None\"\n    assert is_prime(29)\n\n-- Docs: https:\/\/docs.pytest.org\/en\/latest\/warnings.html\n============================================== 1 failed, 1 passed, 1 warnings in 0.12 seconds ==============================================\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 <code>pytest<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>is_prime()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f <code>None<\/code> \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 1 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u06a9\u062c\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631.  \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 2 \u062a\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0646 2 \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 root \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0645\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0647 1 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634\u060c \u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>is_prime()<\/code> \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0627:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> math\n\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">is_prime<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">num<\/span>):<\/span>\n    \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> num &lt; <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>:\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">False<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> n <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">range<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, math.floor(math.sqrt(num) + <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>)):\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> num % n == <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">False<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">True<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0645 <code>pytest<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">=========================================================== test session starts ============================================================\nplatform darwin -- Python 3.7.3, pytest-4.4.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0\nrootdir: \/Users\/marcus\/rasanegar\/test-driven-development-with-pytest\/primes\nplugins: cov-2.6.1\ncollected 2 items\n\ntest_primes.py ..                                                                                                                    (100%)\n\n========================================================= 2 passed in 0.04 seconds =========================================================\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0630\u0631\u062f.  \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>False<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0628 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 1.<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 <code>test_primes.py<\/code> \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">test_prime_composite_number<\/span>():<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> is_prime(<span class=\"hljs-number\">15<\/span>) == <span class=\"hljs-literal\">False<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>pytest<\/code> \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">=========================================================== test session starts ============================================================\nplatform darwin -- Python 3.7.3, pytest-4.4.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0\nrootdir: \/Users\/marcus\/rasanegar\/test-driven-development-with-pytest\/primes\nplugins: cov-2.6.1\ncollected 3 items\n\ntest_primes.py ...                                                                                                                   (100%)\n\n========================================================= 3 passed in 0.04 seconds =========================================================\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"testingsum_of_primes\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a2%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4_sum_of_primes\"><\/span>\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 sum_of_primes()<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 <code>is_prime()<\/code>\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.  \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u06a9\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>test_primes.py<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">test_sum_of_primes_empty_list<\/span>():<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> sum_of_primes(()) == <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>pytest<\/code> \u0645\u0627 \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f <code>NameError<\/code> \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645.  \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 <code>primes.py<\/code> \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">sum_of_primes<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">nums<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">sum<\/span>(nums)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 <code>pytest<\/code> \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.  \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">test_sum_of_primes_mixed_list<\/span>():<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> sum_of_primes((<span class=\"hljs-number\">11<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">15<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">17<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">18<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">20<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">100<\/span>)) == <span class=\"hljs-number\">28<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 11 \u0648 17 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 28 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0646 <code>pytest<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f.  \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>sum_of_primes()<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">sum_of_primes<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">nums<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">sum<\/span>((x <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> x <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> nums <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> is_prime(x)))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0645 <code>pytest<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645 &#8211; \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u06a9\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">$<\/span><span class=\"bash\"> pytest --cov=primes<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0627 100\u066a \u0627\u0633\u062a!  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0627 <code>is_prime()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 float \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f\u061f  \u0645\u0627 <code>is_prime()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 1 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u06a9\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"advancedexamplewritinganinventorymanager\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84_%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%87_%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b4%d8%aa%d9%86_%db%8c%da%a9_%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%af%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647: \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 TDD \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645 <code>pytest<\/code> \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u060c <code>inventory.py<\/code>\u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc <code>test_inventory.py<\/code>\u060c \u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"featuresandtestplanning\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%88%db%8c%da%98%da%af%db%8c_%d9%87%d8%a7_%d9%88_%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87_%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%b2%db%8c_%d8%a2%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%88%d9%86\"><\/span>\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0627\u06a9 \u0648 \u06a9\u0641\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u063a\u0630 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0622\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<br \/>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0636\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li>10 \u06a9\u0641\u0634 \u0648\u0631\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 50.00 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>5 \u0634\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u0622\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 70 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc 2 \u06a9\u0641\u0634 \u0648\u0631\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u062e\u0631\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc 1 \u0634\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0686\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.  \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>Inventory<\/code> \u0634\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u062f <code>limit<\/code>.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>limit<\/code> \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 100 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a. \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f <code>limit<\/code> \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>total_items<\/code> \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646.  \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f 0 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f 10 \u06a9\u0641\u0634 \u0648\u0631\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 5 \u0634\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u0622\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>add_new_stock()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062f <code>name<\/code>\u060c <code>price<\/code>\u060c \u0648 <code>quantity<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 <code>remove_stock()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0646\u06cc\u0632  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0647 <code>name<\/code> \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648 <code>quantity<\/code> \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0630\u0641  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 0 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 <code>name<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"firsttests\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86_%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%87%d8%a7\"><\/span>\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">test_buy_and_sell_nikes_adidas<\/span>():<\/span>\n    \n    inventory = Inventory()\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> inventory.limit == <span class=\"hljs-number\">100<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> inventory.total_items == <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>\n\n    \n    inventory.add_new_stock(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Nike Sneakers'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">50.00<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> inventory.total_items == <span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>\n\n    \n    inventory.add_new_stock(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Adidas Sweatpants'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">70.00<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> inventory.total_items == <span class=\"hljs-number\">15<\/span>\n\n    \n    inventory.remove_stock(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Nike Sneakers'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> inventory.total_items == <span class=\"hljs-number\">13<\/span>\n\n    \n    inventory.remove_stock(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Adidas Sweatpants'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> inventory.total_items == <span class=\"hljs-number\">12<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc  \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646 <code>pytest<\/code> \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 a \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f <code>NameError<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647 <code>Inventory<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>Inventory<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 100 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">test_default_inventory<\/span>():<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\"\"Test that the default limit is 100\"\"\"<\/span>\n    inventory = Inventory()\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> inventory.limit == <span class=\"hljs-number\">100<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> inventory.total_items == <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Inventory<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, limit=<span class=\"hljs-number\">100<\/span><\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.limit = limit\n        self.total_items = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">test_custom_inventory_limit<\/span>():<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\"\"Test that we can set a custom limit\"\"\"<\/span>\n    inventory = Inventory(limit=<span class=\"hljs-number\">25<\/span>)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> inventory.limit == <span class=\"hljs-number\">25<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> inventory.total_items == <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"fixtures\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84\"><\/span>\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0648 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f <code>Inventory<\/code> \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <strong>\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644.  \u0641\u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0686\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.  \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 <code>Inventory<\/code> \u0634\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645<\/p>\n<p><code>test_inventory.py<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> pytest\n\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">@pytest.fixture<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">no_stock_inventory<\/span>():<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\"\"Returns an empty inventory that can store 10 items\"\"\"<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> Inventory(<span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>pytest.fixture<\/code> \u062f\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 10 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0686\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>add_new_stock()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">test_add_new_stock_success<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">no_stock_inventory<\/span>):<\/span>\n    no_stock_inventory.add_new_stock(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Test Jacket'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">10.00<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> no_stock_inventory.total_items == <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> no_stock_inventory.stocks(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Test Jacket'<\/span>)(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'price'<\/span>) == <span class=\"hljs-number\">10.00<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> no_stock_inventory.stocks(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Test Jacket'<\/span>)(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'quantity'<\/span>) == <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0686\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646 <code>pytest<\/code> \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 2 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0648 2 \u067e\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>add_new_stock()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Inventory<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, limit=<span class=\"hljs-number\">100<\/span><\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.limit = limit\n        self.total_items = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>\n        self.stocks = {}\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">add_new_stock<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, name, price, quantity<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.stocks(name) = {\n            <span class=\"hljs-string\">'price'<\/span>: price,\n            <span class=\"hljs-string\">'quantity'<\/span>: quantity\n        }\n        self.total_items += quantity\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>__init__<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639.  \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646 <code>pytest<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"parameterizingtests\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%be%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c\"><\/span>\u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 <code>add_new_stock()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u062c\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f &#8211; \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0632 try\/except \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>Pytest \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <strong>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647<\/strong> \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u062c\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">@pytest.mark.parametrize(<span class=\"hljs-params\"><span class=\"hljs-string\">'name,price,quantity,exception'<\/span>, (\n    (<span class=\"hljs-params\"><span class=\"hljs-string\">'Test Jacket'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">10.00<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>, InvalidQuantityException(<span class=\"hljs-params\">\n        <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Cannot add a quantity of 0. All new stocks must have at least 1 item'<\/span><\/span>)<\/span>)\n)<\/span>)<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">test_add_new_stock_bad_input<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">name, price, quantity, exception<\/span>):<\/span>\n    inventory = Inventory(<span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span>:\n        inventory.add_new_stock(name, price, quantity)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">except<\/span> InvalidQuantityException <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">as<\/span> inst:\n        \n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">isinstance<\/span>(inst, <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span>(exception))\n        \n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> inst.args == exception.args\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">else<\/span>:\n        pytest.fail(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Expected error but found none\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>else<\/code> \u0628\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u062f.  \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0630\u0628 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>pytest<\/code> \u062f\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f.  \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u067e\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u067e\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646 <code>pytest<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 <code>InvalidQuantityException<\/code> \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0634\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 <code>inventory.py<\/code> \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>Inventory<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">InvalidQuantityException<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">Exception<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">pass<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>add_new_stock()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">add_new_stock<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, name, price, quantity<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> quantity &lt;= <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise<\/span> InvalidQuantityException(\n                <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Cannot add a quantity of {}. All new stocks must have at least 1 item'<\/span>.<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">format<\/span>(quantity))\n        self.stocks(name) = {\n            <span class=\"hljs-string\">'price'<\/span>: price,\n            <span class=\"hljs-string\">'quantity'<\/span>: quantity\n        }\n        self.total_items += quantity\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646 <code>pytest<\/code> \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">@pytest.mark.parametrize(<span class=\"hljs-params\"><span class=\"hljs-string\">'name,price,quantity,exception'<\/span>, (\n    (<span class=\"hljs-params\"><span class=\"hljs-string\">'Test Jacket'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">10.00<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>, InvalidQuantityException(<span class=\"hljs-params\">\n        <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Cannot add a quantity of 0. All new stocks must have at least 1 item'<\/span><\/span>)<\/span>),\n    (<span class=\"hljs-params\"><span class=\"hljs-string\">'Test Jacket'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">10.00<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">25<\/span>, NoSpaceException(<span class=\"hljs-params\">\n        <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Cannot add these 25 items. Only 10 more items can be stored'<\/span><\/span>)<\/span>)\n)<\/span>)<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">test_add_new_stock_bad_input<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">name, price, quantity, exception<\/span>):<\/span>\n    inventory = Inventory(<span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span>:\n        inventory.add_new_stock(name, price, quantity)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">except<\/span> (InvalidQuantityException, NoSpaceException) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">as<\/span> inst:\n        \n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">isinstance<\/span>(inst, <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span>(exception))\n        \n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> inst.args == exception.args\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">else<\/span>:\n        pytest.fail(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Expected error but found none\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u067e\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645!  \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 <code>inventory.py<\/code>\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>InvalidQuantityException<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">NoSpaceException<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">Exception<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">pass<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>add_new_stock()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">add_new_stock<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, name, price, quantity<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> quantity &lt;= <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>:\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise<\/span> InvalidQuantityException(\n            <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Cannot add a quantity of {}. All new stocks must have at least 1 item'<\/span>.<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">format<\/span>(quantity))\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> self.total_items + quantity &gt; self.limit:\n        remaining_space = self.limit - self.total_items\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise<\/span> NoSpaceException(\n            <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Cannot add these {} items. Only {} more items can be stored'<\/span>.<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">format<\/span>(quantity, remaining_space))\n    self.stocks(name) = {\n        <span class=\"hljs-string\">'price'<\/span>: price,\n        <span class=\"hljs-string\">'quantity'<\/span>: quantity\n    }\n    self.total_items += quantity\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646 <code>pytest<\/code> \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0686\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">test_add_new_stock_bad_input<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">no_stock_inventory, name, price, quantity, exception<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span>:\n        no_stock_inventory.add_new_stock(name, price, quantity)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">except<\/span> (InvalidQuantityException, NoSpaceException) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">as<\/span> inst:\n        \n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">isinstance<\/span>(inst, <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span>(exception))\n        \n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> inst.args == exception.args\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">else<\/span>:\n        pytest.fail(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Expected error but found none\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.  \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <em>\u0648<\/em> \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0630\u0641 <code>test_add_new_stock_bad_input()<\/code> \u0648 <code>test_add_new_stock_success()<\/code> \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">@pytest.mark.parametrize(<span class=\"hljs-params\"><span class=\"hljs-string\">'name,price,quantity,exception'<\/span>, (\n    (<span class=\"hljs-params\"><span class=\"hljs-string\">'Test Jacket'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">10.00<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>, InvalidQuantityException(<span class=\"hljs-params\">\n        <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Cannot add a quantity of 0. All new stocks must have at least 1 item'<\/span><\/span>)<\/span>),\n    (<span class=\"hljs-params\"><span class=\"hljs-string\">'Test Jacket'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">10.00<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">25<\/span>, NoSpaceException(<span class=\"hljs-params\">\n        <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Cannot add these 25 items. Only 10 more items can be stored'<\/span><\/span>)<\/span>),\n    (<span class=\"hljs-params\"><span class=\"hljs-string\">'Test Jacket'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">10.00<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span><\/span>)\n)<\/span>)<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">test_add_new_stock<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">no_stock_inventory, name, price, quantity, exception<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span>:\n        no_stock_inventory.add_new_stock(name, price, quantity)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">except<\/span> (InvalidQuantityException, NoSpaceException) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">as<\/span> inst:\n        \n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">isinstance<\/span>(inst, <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span>(exception))\n        \n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> inst.args == exception.args\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">else<\/span>:\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> no_stock_inventory.total_items == quantity\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> no_stock_inventory.stocks(name)(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'price'<\/span>) == price\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> no_stock_inventory.stocks(name)(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'quantity'<\/span>) == quantity\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0646\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u062c\u062f\u0627 <code>test_add_new_stock_success()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 tuple-d \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>None<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"wrappingupourinventorymanager\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%b9_%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c_%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%af%db%8c_%d9%85%d8%a7\"><\/span>\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 <code>pytest<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 <code>remove_stock<\/code> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627 TDD  \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 <code>inventory_test.py<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> inventory <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> Inventory, InvalidQuantityException, NoSpaceException, ItemNotFoundException\n\n\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">@pytest.fixture<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">ten_stock_inventory<\/span>():<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\"\"Returns an inventory with some test stock items\"\"\"<\/span>\n    inventory = Inventory(<span class=\"hljs-number\">20<\/span>)\n    inventory.add_new_stock(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Puma Test'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">100.00<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">8<\/span>)\n    inventory.add_new_stock(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Reebok Test'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">25.50<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> inventory\n\n\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">@pytest.mark.parametrize(<span class=\"hljs-params\"><span class=\"hljs-string\">'name,quantity,exception,new_quantity,new_total'<\/span>, (\n    (<span class=\"hljs-params\"><span class=\"hljs-string\">'Puma Test'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>,\n     InvalidQuantityException(<span class=\"hljs-params\">\n         <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Cannot remove a quantity of 0. Must remove at least 1 item'<\/span><\/span>),\n        <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span><\/span>),\n    (<span class=\"hljs-params\"><span class=\"hljs-string\">'Not Here'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>,\n     ItemNotFoundException(<span class=\"hljs-params\">\n         <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Could not find Not Here in our stocks. Cannot remove non-existing stock'<\/span><\/span>),\n        <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span><\/span>),\n    (<span class=\"hljs-params\"><span class=\"hljs-string\">'Puma Test'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">25<\/span>,\n     InvalidQuantityException(<span class=\"hljs-params\">\n         <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Cannot remove these 25 items. Only 8 items are in stock'<\/span><\/span>),\n     <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span><\/span>),\n    (<span class=\"hljs-params\"><span class=\"hljs-string\">'Puma Test'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span><\/span>)\n)<\/span>)<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">test_remove_stock<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">ten_stock_inventory, name, quantity, exception,\n                      new_quantity, new_total<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span>:\n        ten_stock_inventory.remove_stock(name, quantity)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">except<\/span> (InvalidQuantityException, NoSpaceException, ItemNotFoundException) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">as<\/span> inst:\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">isinstance<\/span>(inst, <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span>(exception))\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> inst.args == exception.args\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">else<\/span>:\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> ten_stock_inventory.stocks(name)(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'quantity'<\/span>) == new_quantity\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">assert<\/span> ten_stock_inventory.total_items == new_total\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 <code>inventory.py<\/code> \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">ItemNotFoundException<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">Exception<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">pass<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>Inventory<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">remove_stock<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, name, quantity<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> quantity &lt;= <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>:\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise<\/span> InvalidQuantityException(\n            <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Cannot remove a quantity of {}. Must remove at least 1 item'<\/span>.<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">format<\/span>(quantity))\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> name <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">not<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> self.stocks:\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise<\/span> ItemNotFoundException(\n            <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Could not find {} in our stocks. Cannot remove non-existing stock'<\/span>.<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">format<\/span>(name))\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> self.stocks(name)(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'quantity'<\/span>) - quantity &lt;= <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>:\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise<\/span> InvalidQuantityException(\n            <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Cannot remove these {} items. Only {} items are in stock'<\/span>.<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">format<\/span>(\n                quantity, self.stocks(name)(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'quantity'<\/span>)))\n    self.stocks(name)(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'quantity'<\/span>) -= quantity\n    self.total_items -= quantity\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u06cc <code>pytest<\/code> \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u0642\u06cc\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f!<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\"><\/span>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Test-Driven Development \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a process \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  TDD \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 process \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645 <code>pytest<\/code> &#8211; \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631  \u0628\u0627 <code>pytest<\/code> \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 <code>pytest<\/code> \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634 TDD \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 TDD\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.  TDD \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u062a \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a process \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f <code>pytest<\/code>.  \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>\n                        !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s)\n                        {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?\n                        n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};\n                        if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';\n                        n.queue=();t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;\n                        t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)(0);\n                        s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script',\n                        'https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/fbevents.js');\n                        fbq('init', '525232124909042');\n                        fbq('track', 'PageView');\n                    <\/script>    (\u0628\u0631\u0686\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647)# python<br \/>\n<br \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 1403-01-23 03:50:04<br \/>\n<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;16291&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 (0 \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;30&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627 pytest&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} ({count} \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 17<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 (TDD) \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645. \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9162,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1743,620],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16291","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python","category-programming"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16291","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16291"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16291\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9162"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16291"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16291"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16291"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}