{"id":16436,"date":"2024-01-25T02:03:34","date_gmt":"2024-01-24T22:33:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7\/"},"modified":"2024-01-25T02:03:34","modified_gmt":"2024-01-24T22:33:34","slug":"%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc 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href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7\/#%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c\" >\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7\/#%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c_%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%9f\" >\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7\/#%da%86%da%af%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87_%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c_%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%b1%d8%a7_%d8%b0%d8%ae%db%8c%d8%b1%d9%87_%d9%85%db%8c_%da%a9%d9%86%d9%86%d8%af\" >\u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7\/#%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84_%d8%a2%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%87_%d9%87%d8%a7\" >\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7\/#%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c_%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af\" >\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7\/#%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af_%da%a9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3_node\" >\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 Node<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7\/#%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af_%da%a9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3_single_linked_list\" >\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 Single Linked List<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7\/#%d8%b9%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%b1_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d8%a2%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%85_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af_%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%87\" >\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc 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href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7\/#%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ac_%db%8c%da%a9_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%af_%d9%be%d8%b3_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%db%8c%da%a9_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%af_%d8%af%db%8c%da%af%d8%b1\" >\u062f\u0631\u062c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7\/#%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ac_%db%8c%da%a9_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%af_%d9%82%d8%a8%d9%84_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%db%8c%da%a9_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%af_%d8%af%db%8c%da%af%d8%b1\" >\u062f\u0631\u062c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7\/#%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ac_%db%8c%da%a9_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%af_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d9%81%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b5\" >\u062f\u0631\u062c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7\/#%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4%e2%80%8c%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ac_%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa\" >\u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062c \u062a\u0633\u062a<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7\/#%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b4_%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1\" >\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7\/#%d8%ac%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%88%db%8c_%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1\" >\u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7\/#%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4%db%8c_%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af_%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c\" >\u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7\/#%d8%ad%d8%b0%d9%81_%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1\" >\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7\/#%d8%ad%d8%b0%d9%81_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b9\" >\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7\/#%d8%ad%d8%b0%d9%81_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%86\" >\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7\/#%d8%ad%d8%b0%d9%81_%d8%a8%d8%b1_%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b3_%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%af\" >\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7\/#%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%ad%d8%b0%d9%81\" >\u062a\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7\/#%d9%85%d8%b9%da%a9%d9%88%d8%b3_%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%86_%db%8c%da%a9_%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c\" >\u0645\u0639\u06a9\u0648\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7\/#%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\" >\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 15<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div><noscript><\/noscript><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"introduction\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <em>\u062a\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u0635 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627<\/em> \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc 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\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f node \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a node \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f <em>\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f<\/em>\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0628\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0634\u062a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 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\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.  \u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062c \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u06a9\u0648\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2 id=\"whatisalinkedlist\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c_%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%9f\"><\/span>\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f <em>\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647<\/em>.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 10 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0622\u0646 15 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. <code>10+15+1<\/code> &#8211; \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 26.  \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 1 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"howlinkedlistsstoredata\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%da%86%da%af%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87_%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c_%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%b1%d8%a7_%d8%b0%d8%ae%db%8c%d8%b1%d9%87_%d9%85%db%8c_%da%a9%d9%86%d9%86%d8%af\"><\/span>\u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.  \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u060c <em>\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f<\/em> \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 (\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06af\u0631) \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 a <em>node<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641 node \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 <code>34|10<\/code>\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 node \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>30<\/code>\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>\"10\"<\/code>.  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f node\u060c \u0628\u0642\u06cc\u0647 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\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a <em><strong>\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627<\/strong><\/em>  \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0631\u0632\u0631\u0648 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f.  \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 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\u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc <em><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f<\/strong><\/em>\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 <em><strong>\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/strong><\/em>\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0635\u0641 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f <em>\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/em> \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d Big O\u060c \u0628\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc O(n) \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 3 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u06cc<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06af<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622 <strong>\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/strong> \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0622\u0646<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2 id=\"singlelinkedlist\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c_%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af\"><\/span>\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0647\u0631 node \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 <em>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc<\/em> \u0648 \u0628\u0633  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f a \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u062f node \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"creatingthenodeclass\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af_%da%a9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3_node\"><\/span>\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 Node<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 <em>\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/em>.  \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u06af\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.  \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641 node \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a node.  \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 node \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f <code>item<\/code> \u0648 <code>ref<\/code>.  \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0627\u0632 <code>item<\/code> \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>None<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Node<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, data<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.item = data\n        self.ref = <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <em>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631<\/em> \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 <code>__init__()<\/code>\u062f\u0631 <code>Node<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 &#8220;\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"creatingthesinglelinkedlistclass\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af_%da%a9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3_single_linked_list\"><\/span>\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 Single Linked List<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062c\u060c \u062d\u0630\u0641\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f <code>start_node<\/code> \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f node \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a  \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 <code>start_node<\/code> \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f <code>None<\/code> \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">LinkedList<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.start_node = <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645.  \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"traversinglinkedlistitems\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b9%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%b1_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d8%a2%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%85_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af_%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%87\"><\/span>\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>LinkedList<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">traverse_list<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> self.start_node <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"List has no element\"<\/span>)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">else<\/span>:\n        n = self.start_node\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">while<\/span> n <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">not<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(n.item , <span class=\"hljs-string\">\" \"<\/span>)\n            n = n.ref\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0686\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f.  \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f <em>\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc<\/em>.  \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> self.start_node <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"List has no element\"<\/span>)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u060c <code>traverse_list()<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">    n = self.start_node\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">while<\/span> n <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">not<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(n.item , <span class=\"hljs-string\">\" \"<\/span>)\n            n = n.ref\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u06af\u0641\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u060c <code>start<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.  \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>n<\/code> \u0628\u0627 <code>start<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631.  \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>n<\/code> \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0627 print \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc node \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>n<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 <code>n.ref<\/code>\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a node.  \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 node \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>None<\/code> \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f node \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646.  \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 <code>n<\/code> \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>None<\/code>\u060c \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"insertingitems\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ac_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af\"><\/span>\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"insertingitemsatthebeginning\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ac_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%a7\"><\/span>\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a <em>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a<\/em>.  \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 <code>LinkedList<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">insert_at_start<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, data<\/span>):<\/span>\n        new_node = Node(data)\n        new_node.ref = self.start_node\n        self.start_node= new_node\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>insert_at_start()<\/code>\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 the \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>Node<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 <code>start_node<\/code> \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 <code>start_node<\/code> \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f node\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f node \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f node.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>start_node<\/code> \u0628\u0647 <code>ref<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f node.  \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 <code>new_node<\/code> \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a node\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 the \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>start_node<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 <code>new_node<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"insertingitemsattheend\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ac_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%87%d8%a7\"><\/span>\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>insert_at_end()<\/code>\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <em>\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646<\/em> \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">  <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">insert_at_end<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, data<\/span>):<\/span>\n        new_node = Node(data)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> self.start_node <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n            self.start_node = new_node\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span>\n        n = self.start_node\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">while<\/span> n.ref <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">not<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n            n= n.ref\n        n.ref = new_node;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. <code>start_node<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 <code>new_node<\/code> \u0647\u062f\u0641 &#8211; \u0634\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.  \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>n<\/code> \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 node.  \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06af\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 a \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>while<\/code> \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f the \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0645 <code>traverse_list<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634.  \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f node.  \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 node \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 <code>new_node<\/code>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p>\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 <code>insert_at_end()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0647 <code>LinkedList<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"insertinganitemafteranotheritem\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ac_%db%8c%da%a9_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%af_%d9%be%d8%b3_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%db%8c%da%a9_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%af_%d8%af%db%8c%da%af%d8%b1\"><\/span>\u062f\u0631\u062c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>insert_after_item()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">insert_after_item<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, x, data<\/span>):<\/span>\n\n        n = self.start_node\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(n.ref)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">while<\/span> n <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">not<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> n.item == x:\n                <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">break<\/span>\n            n = n.ref\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> n <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"item not in the list\"<\/span>)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">else<\/span>:\n            new_node = Node(data)\n            new_node.ref = n.ref\n            n.ref = new_node\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>insert_after_item()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062f: <code>x<\/code> \u0648 <code>data<\/code>.  \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f node \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a node.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>n<\/code> \u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641 <code>start_node<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646  \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 a \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>while<\/code> \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>while<\/code> \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 <code>n<\/code> \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>None<\/code>.  \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0631 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631 node \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 <code>x<\/code> \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u060c <code>n<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f <code>None<\/code>.  \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0632 <code>new_node<\/code> \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 <code>n<\/code> \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0632 <code>n<\/code> \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>new_node<\/code>.  \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 <code>insert_after_item()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0647 <code>LinkesList<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"insertinganitembeforeanotheritem\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ac_%db%8c%da%a9_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%af_%d9%82%d8%a8%d9%84_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%db%8c%da%a9_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%af_%d8%af%db%8c%da%af%d8%b1\"><\/span>\u062f\u0631\u062c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>insert_before_item()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">insert_before_item<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, x, data<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> self.start_node <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"List has no element\"<\/span>)\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span>\n\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> x == self.start_node.item:\n            new_node = Node(data)\n            new_node.ref = self.start_node\n            self.start_node = new_node\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span>\n\n        n = self.start_node\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(n.ref)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">while<\/span> n.ref <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">not<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> n.ref.item == x:\n                <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">break<\/span>\n            n = n.ref\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> n.ref <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"item not in the list\"<\/span>)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">else<\/span>:\n            new_node = Node(data)\n            new_node.ref = n.ref\n            n.ref = new_node\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">     <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> self.start_node <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"List has no element\"<\/span>)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc print \u06a9\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">     <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> x == self.start_node.item:\n        new_node = Node(data)\n        new_node.ref = self.start_node\n        self.start_node = new_node\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 node \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 node \u0628\u0647 <code>start_node<\/code> \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>start_node<\/code> \u0628\u0647 <code>new_node<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a <code>None<\/code> \u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>n<\/code> \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>start_node<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646  \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 a \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>while<\/code> \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647  \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 <code>n.ref<\/code> \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>None<\/code>.  \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0631 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631 node \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 <code>x<\/code> \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f <code>True<\/code>\u060c \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u060c <code>n.ref<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f <code>None<\/code>.  \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0632 <code>new_node<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>n<\/code> \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0632 <code>n<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u06cc &#8220;new_node&#8221; \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> n.ref <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"item not in the list\"<\/span>)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">else<\/span>:\n        new_node = Node(data)\n        new_node.ref = n.ref\n        n.ref = new_node\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p>\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>insert_before_item()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0647 <code>LinkedList<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"insertinganitematspecificindex\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ac_%db%8c%da%a9_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%af_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d9%81%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b5\"><\/span>\u062f\u0631\u062c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">insert_at_index<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, index, data<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> index == <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>:\n            new_node = Node(data)\n            new_node.ref = self.start_node\n            self.start_node = new_node\n        i = <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>\n        n = self.start_node\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">while<\/span> i &lt; index-<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">and<\/span> n <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">not<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n            n = n.ref\n            i = i+<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> n <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Index out of bound\"<\/span>)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">else<\/span>: \n            new_node = Node(data)\n            new_node.ref = n.ref\n            n.ref = new_node\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631 <code>1<\/code>\u060c \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>start_node<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0632 <code>new_node<\/code> \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>start_node<\/code> \u0628\u0647 <code>new_node<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u067e\u0633 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 while \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>i<\/code> \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>index-1<\/code>.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f node \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0633\u0648\u0645  \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 while\u060c <code>i<\/code> \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f <code>2<\/code> \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a node \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f <code>2<\/code>.  \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f <code>i<\/code> \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>2<\/code> \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>1<\/code> (<code>3-1=2<\/code>).  \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 node \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc node (\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a node <code>2<\/code>)\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f node \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"testinginsertionmethods\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4%e2%80%8c%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ac_%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa\"><\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062c \u062a\u0633\u062a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062c \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">new_linked_list = LinkedList()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645 <code>insert_at_end()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">new_linked_list.insert_at_end(<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>)\nnew_linked_list.insert_at_end(<span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>)\nnew_linked_list.insert_at_end(<span class=\"hljs-number\">15<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">new_linked_list.traverse_list()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">5\n10\n15\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">new_linked_list.insert_at_start(<span class=\"hljs-number\">20<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0637\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">20\n5\n10\n15\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>17<\/code> <em>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632<\/em> \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f <code>10<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">new_linked_list.insert_after_item(<span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">17<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">20\n5\n10\n17\n15 \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc <code>17<\/code> \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>10<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>25<\/code> <em>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632<\/em> \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f <code>17<\/code> \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>insert_before_item()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">new_linked_list.insert_before_item(<span class=\"hljs-number\">17<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">25<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">20\n5\n10\n25\n17\n15\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <em>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0645<\/em>\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 <code>10<\/code>.  \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u062f <code>10<\/code> \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>insert_at_index()<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.  \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>8<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">new_linked_list.insert_at_index(<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">8<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">20\n5\n8\n10\n25\n17\n15\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062c \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645.  \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 7 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645.  \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"countingelements\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b4_%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1\"><\/span>\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>get_count()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06af\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f <code>while<\/code> \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">get_count<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> self.start_node <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>;\n        n = self.start_node\n        count = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>;\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">while<\/span> n <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">not<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n            count = count + <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>\n            n = n.ref\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> count\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 <code>LinkedList<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644 <code>LinkedList<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>LinkedList<\/code> \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0645.  \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u060c 7 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>get_count()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">new_linked_list.get_count()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u00ab\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u00bb \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647 <code>LinkedList<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>get_count<\/code> \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"searchingelements\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%ac%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%88%db%8c_%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1\"><\/span>\u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. node \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0631 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u060c print \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06af\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc print \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">search_item<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, x<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> self.start_node <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"List has no elements\"<\/span>)\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span>\n        n = self.start_node\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">while<\/span> n <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">not<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> n.item == x:\n                <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Item found\"<\/span>)\n                <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">True<\/span>\n            n = n.ref\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"item not found\"<\/span>)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">False<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 <code>LinkedList<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633  \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">new_linked_list.search_item(<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 5 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06af\u0634\u062a <code>True<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">Item found\nTrue\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"methodforcreatingalinkedlist\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4%db%8c_%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af_%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f node \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">make_new_list<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        nums = <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">int<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">input<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"How many nodes do you want to create: \"<\/span>))\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> nums == <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> i <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">range<\/span>(nums):\n            value = <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">int<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">input<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Enter the value for the node:\"<\/span>))\n            self.insert_at_end(value)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>make_new_list()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0633\u062f.  \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 a <code>for<\/code> \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f node\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>insert_at_end()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f <code>make_new_list()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/linked-lists-detail-python-examples-single-linked-lists-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"deletingelements\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%ad%d8%b0%d9%81_%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1\"><\/span>\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"deletionfromthestart\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%ad%d8%b0%d9%81_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b9\"><\/span>\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 <em>\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627<\/em> \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>start_node<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u06cc node \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 node (\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f node) \u062a\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 node:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">delete_at_start<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> self.start_node <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"The list has no element to delete\"<\/span>)\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> \n        self.start_node = self.start_node.ref\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 the \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 <code>start_node.ref<\/code> \u0628\u0647 <code>start_node<\/code>.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>start_node<\/code> \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p>\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 <code>delete_at_start()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0647 <code>LinkedList<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"deletionattheend\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%ad%d8%b0%d9%81_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%86\"><\/span>\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. <code>None<\/code>\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">delete_at_end<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> self.start_node <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"The list has no element to delete\"<\/span>)\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span>\n\n        n = self.start_node\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">while<\/span> n.ref.ref <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">not<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n            n = n.ref\n        n.ref = <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 <code>LinkedList()<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"deletionbyitemvalue\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%ad%d8%b0%d9%81_%d8%a8%d8%b1_%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b3_%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%af\"><\/span>\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 node \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f node.  \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 node \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f node \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">  <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">delete_element_by_value<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, x<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> self.start_node <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"The list has no element to delete\"<\/span>)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span>\n\n    \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> self.start_node.item == x:\n        self.start_node = self.start_node.ref\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span>\n\n    n = self.start_node\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">while<\/span> n.ref <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">not<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> n.ref.item == x:\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">break<\/span>\n        n = n.ref\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> n.ref <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"item not found in the list\"<\/span>)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">else<\/span>:\n        n.ref = n.ref.ref\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631.  \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 node \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc node (\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f node).<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0646\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 node \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f <code>True<\/code>\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 node \u0628\u0647 node \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f node \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"testingdeletionmethods\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%ad%d8%b0%d9%81\"><\/span>\u062a\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0632\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">new_linked_list.insert_at_end(<span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>)\nnew_linked_list.insert_at_end(<span class=\"hljs-number\">20<\/span>)\nnew_linked_list.insert_at_end(<span class=\"hljs-number\">30<\/span>)\nnew_linked_list.insert_at_end(<span class=\"hljs-number\">40<\/span>)\nnew_linked_list.insert_at_end(<span class=\"hljs-number\">50<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 5 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">10\n20\n30\n40\n50\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">new_linked_list.delete_at_start()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">20\n30\n40\n50 \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">new_linked_list.delete_at_end()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">20\n30\n40\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>30<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">new_linked_list.delete_element_by_value(<span class=\"hljs-number\">30<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>30<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"reversingalinkedlist\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b9%da%a9%d9%88%d8%b3_%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%86_%db%8c%da%a9_%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u06a9\u0648\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06a9\u0648\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f: <code>prev<\/code>\u060c <code>n<\/code>\u060c \u0648 <code>next<\/code>.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>prev<\/code> \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f node\u060c <code>next<\/code> \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f node\u060c \u0648 <code>n<\/code> \u0628\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a node.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 a <code>while<\/code> \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 node \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 <code>n<\/code> \u0648 <code>prev<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>None<\/code>.  \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>n<\/code> \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>None<\/code>.  \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 <code>while<\/code> \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f node \u0628\u0647 <code>next<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f node <code>n<\/code>  \u0628\u0647 <code>prev<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 <code>prev<\/code>\u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 node <code>n<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 node <code>n<\/code>  \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 <code>next<\/code> node<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647\u060c <code>prev<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f node\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645 node \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>self.start_node<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 <code>prev<\/code>.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>while<\/code> \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u062f node \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f node\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06a9\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">reverse_linkedlist<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        prev = <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>\n        n = self.start_node\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">while<\/span> n <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">not<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">next<\/span> = n.ref\n            n.ref = prev\n            prev = n\n            n = <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">next<\/span>\n        self.start_node = prev\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 <code>LinkedList<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633  \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>reverse_linkedlist()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\"><\/span>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645.  \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u0648 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u06a9\u0648\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a 1 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc  \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>\n                        !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s)\n                        {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?\n                        n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};\n                        if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';\n                        n.queue=();t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;\n                        t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)(0);\n                        s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script',\n                        'https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/fbevents.js');\n                        fbq('init', '525232124909042');\n                        fbq('track', 'PageView');\n                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\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 (0 \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;30&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646: \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} ({count} \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 15<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u0635 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f: \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 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