{"id":16459,"date":"2024-01-25T10:44:12","date_gmt":"2024-01-25T07:14:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d9%87-%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%da%98%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/"},"modified":"2024-01-25T10:44:12","modified_gmt":"2024-01-25T07:14:12","slug":"%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d9%87-%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%da%98%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d9%87-%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%da%98%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d9%87-%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%da%98%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c\" >\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d9%87-%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%da%98%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#collections_%d9%85%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84\" >collections  \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d9%87-%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%da%98%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%b1%d8%a7_counter\" >\u0631\u0627 Counter<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d9%87-%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%da%98%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%b1%d8%a7_defaultdict\" >\u0631\u0627 defaultdict<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d9%87-%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%da%98%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%b1%d8%a7_ordereddict\" >\u0631\u0627 OrderedDict<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d9%87-%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%da%98%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%b1%d8%a7_deque\" >\u0631\u0627 deque<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d9%87-%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%da%98%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%b1%d8%a7_chainmap\" >\u0631\u0627 ChainMap<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d9%87-%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%da%98%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%b1%d8%a7_namedtuple\" >\u0631\u0627 namedtuple()<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d9%87-%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%da%98%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\" >\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d9%87-%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%da%98%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9\" >\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 8<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div><noscript><\/noscript><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"introduction\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c <strong>\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0627\u067e\u0644<\/strong> \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.  \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/2\/library\/collections.html\">\u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 <strong>\u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0634\u062f.  \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 <code>collections<\/code> \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 2.4 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0634\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0646 (\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 3.7).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"collectionsmodule\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"collections_%d9%85%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84\"><\/span><code>collections<\/code>  \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0645\u0627 6 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f <code>collections<\/code> \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644.  \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"thecounter\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b1%d8%a7_counter\"><\/span>\u0631\u0627 <code>Counter<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u067e\u06cc\u0634\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0634\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0631\u0627 <code>Counter()<\/code> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 <code>collections<\/code> \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f import \u0631\u0627 <code>Counter<\/code> \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>counter<\/code> \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> collections <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> Counter\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"createcounterobjects\">\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/h4>\n<p>\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f <code>counter<\/code> \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621.  \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>Counter()<\/code> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">cnt = Counter()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 (\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a) \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>Counter()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f a <code>counter<\/code> \u0647\u062f\u0641 &#8211; \u0634\u06cc.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">list<\/span> = (<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">8<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>)\nCounter(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">list<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c <code>Counter()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">Counter({<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>:<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>:<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>})\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">list<\/span> = (<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">8<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>)\ncnt = Counter(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">list<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(cnt(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0648 print <code>cnt(1)<\/code>\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f 1 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">3\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c <code>cnt<\/code> \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 <code>Counter<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 <code>dict<\/code>.  \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f <code>dict<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633<\/p>\n<p>\u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u060c <code>Counter<\/code> \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631<\/li>\n<li>Most_common((n))<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0642 ((\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0634\u062a))<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4 id=\"theelementfunction\">\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631()<\/h4>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc a <code>Counter<\/code> \u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0627 <code>elements()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639.  \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f <code>Counter<\/code> \u0647\u062f\u0641 &#8211; \u0634\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">cnt = Counter({<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>:<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>:<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>})\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">list<\/span>(cnt.elements()))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>Counter<\/code> \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u06cc Counter\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f 1 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 3 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f 2 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627 4 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>elements()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>cnt<\/code> \u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 3 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc 1 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f 1 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc 2 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f 2 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>print<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"themost_commonfunction\">\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 most_common()<\/h4>\n<p>\u0631\u0627 <code>Counter()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.  \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>most_common()<\/code> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0632 <code>Counter<\/code> \u0647\u062f\u0641 &#8211; \u0634\u06cc.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">list<\/span> = (<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">8<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>)\ncnt = Counter(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">list<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(cnt.most_common())\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">((1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 2), (4, 1), (6, 1), (7, 1), (8, 1))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 <code>most_common<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631  1 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"thesubtractfunction\">\u0631\u0627 <code>subtract()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/h4>\n<p>\u0631\u0627 <code>subtract()<\/code> \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 (\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a) \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0634\u062a (\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a) \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">cnt = Counter({<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>:<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>:<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>})\ndeduct = {<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>:<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>:<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>}\ncnt.subtract(deduct)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(cnt)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">Counter({1: 2, 2: 2})\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 <code>cnt<\/code> \u0634\u06cc\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f 3 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc &#8216;1&#8217; \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f 4 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc &#8216;2&#8217; \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0631\u0627 <code>deduct<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u00ab1\u00bb \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u00ab1\u00bb \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u00ab2\u00bb \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u00ab2\u00bb \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0631\u0627 <code>subtract()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 1 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f &#8216;1&#8217; \u0648 2 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f &#8216;2&#8217; \u06a9\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"thedefaultdict\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b1%d8%a7_defaultdict\"><\/span>\u0631\u0627 <code>defaultdict<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0631\u0627 <code>defaultdict<\/code> \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f a \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f python \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u062f <code>KeyError<\/code> \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>defaultdict<\/code>.  \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>default_factory<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"importdefaultdict\">\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 <code>defaultdict<\/code><\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f import <code>defaultdict<\/code>  \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 <code>collections<\/code> \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> collections <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> defaultdict\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"createadefaultdict\">\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 <code>defaultdict<\/code><\/h4>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>defaultdict<\/code> \u0628\u0627 <code>defaultdict()<\/code> \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647  \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u06a9\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">nums = defaultdict(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">int<\/span>)\nnums(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'one'<\/span>) = <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>\nnums(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'two'<\/span>) = <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(nums(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'three'<\/span>))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c <code>int<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>default_factory<\/code>.  \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u067e\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>int<\/code>\u060c \u0646\u0647 <code>int()<\/code>.  \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc: <code>one<\/code> \u0648 <code>two<\/code>\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f a <code>KeyError<\/code>.  \u0648\u0644\u06cc <code>defaultdict<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>default_factory<\/code>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0647 0 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>int<\/code>.  \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c 0 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u0622\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0622\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u00bb \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> collections <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> defaultdict\n\ncount = defaultdict(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">int<\/span>)\nnames_list = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Mike John Mike Anna Mike John John Mike Mike Britney Smith Anna Smith\"<\/span>.split()\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> names <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> names_list:\n    count(names) +=<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(count)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">defaultdict(&lt;class 'int'&gt;, {'Mike': 5, 'Britney': 1, 'John': 3, 'Smith': 2, 'Anna': 2})\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>defaultdict<\/code> \u0628\u0627 <code>int<\/code> \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>default_factory<\/code>.  \u0631\u0627 <code>names_list<\/code> \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0631\u0627 <code>split()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.  \u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>defaultdict<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 <code>count<\/code> \u0648 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 0 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc <code>default_factory<\/code>.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"theordereddict\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b1%d8%a7_ordereddict\"><\/span>\u0631\u0627 <code>OrderedDict<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><code>OrderedDict<\/code>  \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"importordereddict\">\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 <code>OrderedDict<\/code><\/h4>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 <code>OrderedDict<\/code> \u062a\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f import \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 <code>collections<\/code> \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> collections <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> OrderedDict\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"createaordereddict\">\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 <code>OrderedDict<\/code><\/h4>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc OrderedDict \u0628\u0627 <code>OrderedDict()<\/code> \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647  \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>OrderedDict<\/code> \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u06cc  \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">od = OrderedDict()\nod(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'a'<\/span>) = <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>\nod(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'b'<\/span>) = <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>\nod(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'c'<\/span>) = <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(od)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">OrderedDict((('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> key, value <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> od.items():\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(key, value)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">a 1\nb 2\nc 3\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0632 <code>OrderedDict<\/code> \u0628\u0627 <code>Counter<\/code>.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>Counter<\/code> \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 <code>OrderedDict<\/code> \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">list<\/span> = (<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"a\"<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"c\"<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"c\"<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"a\"<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"b\"<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"a\"<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"a\"<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"b\"<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"c\"<\/span>)\ncnt = Counter(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">list<\/span>)\nod = OrderedDict(cnt.most_common())\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> key, value <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> od.items():\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(key, value)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">a 4\nc 3\nb 2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"thedeque\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b1%d8%a7_deque\"><\/span>\u0631\u0627 <code>deque<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0631\u0627 <code>deque<\/code> \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"importthedeque\">\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>deque<\/code><\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f import \u0631\u0627 <code>deque<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0632 <code>collections<\/code> \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> collections <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> deque\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"creatingadeque\">\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 <code>deque<\/code><\/h4>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>deque<\/code> \u0628\u0627 <code>deque()<\/code> \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647  \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">list<\/span> = (<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"a\"<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"b\"<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"c\"<\/span>)\ndeq = deque(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">list<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(deq)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">deque(('a', 'b', 'c'))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"insertingelementstodeque\">\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 <code>deque<\/code><\/h4>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>deq<\/code> \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645.  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a <code>deq<\/code>\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 <code>append()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>deq<\/code>\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 <code>appendleft()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">deq.append(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"d\"<\/span>)\ndeq.appendleft(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"e\"<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(deq)deque\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">deque(('e', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f <code>d<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>deq<\/code> \u0648 <code>e<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>deq<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"removingelementsfromthedeque\">\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0632 <code>deque<\/code><\/h4>\n<p>\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 <code>pop()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0686\u067e\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>popleft()<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">deq.pop()\ndeq.popleft()\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(deq)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">deque(('a', 'b', 'c'))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f <code>deq<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"clearingadeque\">\u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0641 <code>deque<\/code><\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 a \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>deque<\/code>\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>clear()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">list<\/span> = (<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"a\"<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"b\"<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"c\"<\/span>)\ndeq = deque(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">list<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(deq)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(deq.clear())\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">deque(('a', 'b', 'c'))\nNone\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>clear()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c <code>deque<\/code> \u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>none<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"countingelementsinadeque\">\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641 <code>deque<\/code><\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>count(x)<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639.  \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">list<\/span> = (<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"a\"<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"b\"<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"c\"<\/span>)\ndeq = deque(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">list<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(deq.count(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"a\"<\/span>))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f &#8216;a&#8217; 1 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 &#8216;1&#8217; \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"thechainmap\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b1%d8%a7_chainmap\"><\/span>\u0631\u0627 <code>ChainMap<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><code>ChainMap<\/code>  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"importchainmap\">\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 <code>chainmap<\/code><\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f import <code>ChainMap<\/code>  \u0627\u0632 <code>collections<\/code> \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> collections <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> ChainMap\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"createachainmap\">\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 <code>ChainMap<\/code><\/h4>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 <code>ChainMap()<\/code> \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647  \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">dict1 = { <span class=\"hljs-string\">'a'<\/span> : <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'b'<\/span> : <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span> }\ndict2 = { <span class=\"hljs-string\">'c'<\/span> : <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'b'<\/span> : <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span> }\nchain_map = ChainMap(dict1, dict2)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(chain_map.maps)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">({'b': 2, 'a': 1}, {'c': 3, 'b': 4})\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(chain_map(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'a'<\/span>))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>&#8216;1&#8217; \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f &#8216;a&#8217; 1 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 <code>ChainMap<\/code> \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 &#8216;c&#8217; \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>dict2<\/code> \u0628\u0647 &#8216;5&#8217;\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u062f <code>ChainMap<\/code> \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">dict2(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'c'<\/span>) = <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(chain_map.maps)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">({'a': 1, 'b': 2}, {'c': 5, 'b': 4})\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"gettingkeysandvaluesfromchainmap\">\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 <code>ChainMap<\/code><\/h4>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f <code>ChainMap<\/code> \u0628\u0627 <code>keys()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639.  \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0627 <code>values()<\/code> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">dict1 = { <span class=\"hljs-string\">'a'<\/span> : <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'b'<\/span> : <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span> }\ndict2 = { <span class=\"hljs-string\">'c'<\/span> : <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'b'<\/span> : <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span> }\nchain_map = ChainMap(dict1, dict2)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">list<\/span>(chain_map.keys()))\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">list<\/span>(chain_map.values()))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">('b', 'a', 'c')\n(2, 1, 3)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f &#8216;b&#8217; \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f &#8216;b&#8217; in \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>dict1<\/code>.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c <code>ChainMap<\/code> \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"addinganewdictionarytochainmap\">\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 <code>ChainMap<\/code><\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>ChainMap<\/code>\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>new_child()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639.  \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>ChainMap<\/code> \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">dict3 = {<span class=\"hljs-string\">'e'<\/span> : <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'f'<\/span> : <span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>}\nnew_chain_map = chain_map.new_child(dict3)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(new_chain_map)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">ChainMap({'f': 6, 'e': 5}, {'a': 1, 'b': 2}, {'b': 4, 'c': 3})\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>ChainMap<\/code> \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"thenamedtuple\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b1%d8%a7_namedtuple\"><\/span>\u0631\u0627 <code>namedtuple()<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0631\u0627 <code>namedtuple()<\/code> \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u067e\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u067e\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.  \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u067e\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0647\u0631 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u067e\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0631\u0627 <code>namedtuple<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"importnamedtuple\">\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 <code>namedtuple<\/code><\/h4>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 <code>namedtuple<\/code>\u060c \u062a\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f import \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 <code>collections<\/code> \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> collections <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> namedtuple\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"createanamedtuple\">\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 <code>namedtuple<\/code><\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> collections <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> namedtuple\n\nStudent = namedtuple(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Student'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'fname, lname, age'<\/span>)\ns1 = Student(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'John'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Clarke'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'13'<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(s1.fname)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">Student(fname='John', lname='Clarke', age='13')\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641 <code>namedtuple<\/code> \u0647\u062f\u0641 &#8211; \u0634\u06cc <code>Student<\/code> \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f <code>Student<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"creatinganamedtupleusingalist\">\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 <code>namedtuple<\/code> \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a<\/h4>\n<p>\u0631\u0627 <code>namedtuple()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>_make()<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 <code>namedtuple<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a  \u06a9\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">s2 = Student._make((<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Adam'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'joe'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'18'<\/span>))\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(s2)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">Student(fname='Adam', lname='joe', age='18')\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"createanewinstanceusingexistinginstance\">\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/h4>\n<p>\u0631\u0627 <code>_asdict()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 <code>OrderedDict<\/code> \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">s2 = s1._asdict()\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(s2)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">OrderedDict((('fname', 'John'), ('lname', 'Clarke'), ('age', '13')))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"changingfieldvalueswiththe_replacefunction\">\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0627 <code>_replace()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/h4>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c <code>_replace()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0631\u060c <code>_replace()<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">s2 = s1._replace(age=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'14'<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(s1)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(s2)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">Student(fname='John', lname='Clarke', age='13')\nStudent(fname='John', lname='Clarke', age='14')\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\"><\/span>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627  \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645 <code>collection<\/code> \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644.  \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 <code>collection<\/code> \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"references\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9\"><\/span>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>\n                        !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s)\n                        {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?\n                        n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};\n                        if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';\n                        n.queue=();t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;\n                        t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)(0);\n                        s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script',\n                        'https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/fbevents.js');\n                        fbq('init', '525232124909042');\n                        fbq('track', 'PageView');\n                    <\/script>    (\u0628\u0631\u0686\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647)# python<br \/>\n<br \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 1403-01-25 10:44:03<br \/>\n<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;16459&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 (0 \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;30&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} ({count} \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 8<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0627\u067e\u0644 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9398,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1743,620],"tags":[1749,1746,1754,2051,1986,1753,1744,1755,2443,2104,2492,1745,1785],"class_list":["post-16459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python","category-programming","tag-python","tag-vps-","tag-1754","tag-2051","tag-1986","tag-1753","tag-1744","tag-1755","tag-2443","tag-2104","tag-2492","tag-1745","tag-1785"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16459","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16459"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16459\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9398"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16459"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16459"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}