{"id":16622,"date":"2024-01-28T07:39:14","date_gmt":"2024-01-28T04:09:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%a7%da%a9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%88-%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87-%d9%86%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b3%db%8c\/"},"modified":"2024-01-28T07:39:14","modified_gmt":"2024-01-28T04:09:14","slug":"%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%a7%da%a9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%88-%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87-%d9%86%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b3%db%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%a7%da%a9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%88-%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87-%d9%86%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b3%db%8c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%a7%da%a9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%88-%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87-%d9%86%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b3%db%8c\/#%d9%be%db%8c%d8%af%d8%a7_%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%86_%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9_%db%8c%da%a9_%d8%b4%db%8c\" >\u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li 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class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%a7%da%a9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%88-%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87-%d9%86%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b3%db%8c\/#%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%88%db%8c%da%98%d9%87_%d8%a7%db%8c_%da%a9%d9%87_%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b7_%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%a7%da%a9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3_%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d9%85%db%8c_%d8%b4%d9%88%d8%af\" >\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 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\u0634\u0645\u0627<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metaprogramming\">\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/a>\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0648\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f Ruby \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 TensorFlow.<\/p>\n<p>\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f Elixir\u060c Clojure \u0648 Ruby \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 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\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metaclass\">\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u067e\u062f\u06cc\u0627<\/a> \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631\u061f  \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>hello<\/code> \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc a \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f <code>hello<\/code> \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u062e\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\n\n\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">HelloMeta<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\"><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span><\/span>):<\/span>\n    \n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">hello<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">cls<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"greetings from %s, a HelloMeta type class\"<\/span> % (<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span>(cls())))\n\n    \n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__call__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, *args, **kwargs<\/span>):<\/span>\n        \n        cls = <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span>.__call__(self, *args)\n\n        \n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">setattr<\/span>(cls, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"hello\"<\/span>, self.hello)\n\n        \n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> cls\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">TryHello<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\"><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">object<\/span>, metaclass=HelloMeta<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">greet<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.hello()\n\n\n\n\ngreeter = TryHello()\ngreeter.greet()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>TryHello<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a print \u062f\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">greetings <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> &lt;<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> '<span class=\"hljs-title\">__main__<\/span>.<span class=\"hljs-title\">TryHello<\/span>'&gt;, <span class=\"hljs-title\">a<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">HelloMeta<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">type<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">class<\/span>\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a <code>HelloMeta<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f console.  \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 <code>greeter<\/code>\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 <code>TryHello<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645 <code>TryHello<\/code>&#8216;s <code>self.hello<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f <code>TryHello<\/code> \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c <code>TryHello<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>HelloMeta<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06a9\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u062f \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06a9\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0633\u200c\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.  \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 &#8220;\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u06cc&#8221; \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0633 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u06cc \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0633\u200c\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/rubyonrails.org\/\">Ruby  \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0644<\/a> (Ruby) \u0648 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.boost.org\/\">\u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/a>(C++) \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0633\u200c\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 API\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u06a9\u062f\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0634\u062a \u0635\u062d\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0631\u06a9 \u06af\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"findingthetypeofanobject\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%be%db%8c%d8%af%d8%a7_%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%86_%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9_%db%8c%da%a9_%d8%b4%db%8c\"><\/span>\u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 Python REPL\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>day = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Sunday\"<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"The type of variable day is %s\"<\/span> % (<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span>(day)))\nThe <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span> of variable day <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> &lt;<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">'str'<\/span>&gt;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>day<\/code> \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>str<\/code>\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0631 \u0634\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>type<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u06cc.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"findingthetypeofaclass\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%be%db%8c%d8%af%d8%a7_%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%86_%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9_%da%a9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3\"><\/span>\u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>\"Sunday\"<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 <code>\"hello\"<\/code> \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>str<\/code>\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0686\u0647\u061f <code>str<\/code> \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634\u061f  \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a <code>str<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f console:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">str<\/span>)\n&lt;<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">'type'<\/span>&gt;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 <code>str<\/code> \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>type<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"typeandthetypeoftype\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9_%d9%88_%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9_%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\"><\/span>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0639<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f <code>type<\/code> \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634\u061f  \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a <code>type<\/code>\u0646\u0648\u0639\u061f<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span>)\n&lt;<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">'type'<\/span>&gt;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c &#8220;\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>type<\/code> \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>int<\/code>\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634 \u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0633\u062a!<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"specialmethodsusedbymetaclasses\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%88%db%8c%da%98%d9%87_%d8%a7%db%8c_%da%a9%d9%87_%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b7_%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%a7%da%a9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3_%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d9%85%db%8c_%d8%b4%d9%88%d8%af\"><\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 3 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 Masterclass \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>type<\/code> type \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc &#8220;\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u06cc&#8221; \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>__new__<\/code>: \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f<\/li>\n<li><code>__init__<\/code>: \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f instance\/object \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f<\/li>\n<li><code>__prepare__<\/code>: \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/li>\n<li><code>__call__<\/code>: \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f <code>type<\/code>\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645.  \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062b\u0628\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> functools <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> wraps\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">notifyfunc<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">fn<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\"\"prints out the function name before executing it\"\"\"<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">    @wraps(<span class=\"hljs-params\">fn<\/span>)<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">composite<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">*args, **kwargs<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Executing '%s'\"<\/span> % fn.__name__)\n        \n        rt = fn(*args, **kwargs)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> rt\n    \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> composite\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">@notifyfunc<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">multiply<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">a, b<\/span>):<\/span>\n    product = a * b\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> product\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 Python REPL \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>multiply(<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>)\nExecuting <span class=\"hljs-string\">'multiply'<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">30<\/span>\n&gt;&gt;&gt;\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>multiply(<span class=\"hljs-number\">89<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>)\nExecuting <span class=\"hljs-string\">'multiply'<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">445<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647\u060c \u062f\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.  \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u06a9\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.  \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f hook \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f.  \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06af\u0631 REPL \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 REPL \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> types\n\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">notify<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">fn, *args, **kwargs<\/span>):<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">fncomposite<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">*args, **kwargs<\/span>):<\/span>\n        \n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"running %s\"<\/span> % fn.__name__)\n        rt = fn(*args, **kwargs)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> rt\n    \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> fncomposite\n\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Notifies<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\"><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span><\/span>):<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__new__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">cls, name, bases, attr<\/span>):<\/span>\n        \n        \n        \n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> name, value <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> attr.items():\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span>(value) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> types.FunctionType <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">or<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span>(value) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> types.MethodType:\n                attr(name) = notify(value)\n\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">super<\/span>(Notifies, cls).__new__(cls, name, bases, attr)\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Math<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">metaclass=Notifies<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">multiply<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">a, b<\/span>):<\/span>\n        product = a * b\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(product)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> product\n\nMath.multiply(<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>)\n\n\n\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Shouter<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">metaclass=Notifies<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">intro<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"I shout!\"<\/span>)\n\ns = Shouter()\ns.intro()\n\n\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>Notifies<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 <code>Shouter<\/code> \u0648 <code>Math<\/code>\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 a \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f <code>print<\/code> \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u060c <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.packtpub.com\/books\/content\/python-design-patterns-depth-singleton-pattern\" class=\"broken_link\">\u062a\u06a9 \u0642\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627<\/a> \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 singleton \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u062b \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Final<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\"><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span><\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__new__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">cls, name, bases, attr<\/span>):<\/span>\n        \n        \n        \n        type_arr = (<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span>(x) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> x <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> bases)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> i <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> type_arr:\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> i <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> Final:\n                <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise<\/span> RuntimeError(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"You cannot subclass a Final class\"<\/span>)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">super<\/span>(Final, cls).__new__(cls, name, bases, attr)\n\n\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Cop<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">metaclass=Final<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">exit<\/span>():<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Exiting...\"<\/span>)\n        quit()\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">FakeCop<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">Cop<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">scam<\/span>():<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"This is a hold up!\"<\/span>)\n\ncop1 = Cop()\nfakecop1 = FakeCop()\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Goat<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">metaclass=Final<\/span>):<\/span>\n    location = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Goatland\"<\/span>\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">BillyGoat<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">Goat<\/span>):<\/span>\n    location = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Billyland\"<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0645 <code>Final<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0639\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Profiling_(computer_programming)\">\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/a> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> types\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> time\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Timer<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, func=time.perf_counter<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.elapsed = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0.0<\/span>\n        self._func = func\n        self._start = <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">start<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> self._start <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">not<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise<\/span> RuntimeError(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Already started'<\/span>)\n        self._start = self._func()\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">stop<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> self._start <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise<\/span> RuntimeError(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Not started'<\/span>)\n        end = self._func()\n        self.elapsed += end - self._start\n        self._start = <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">reset<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.elapsed = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0.0<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">    @property<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">running<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> self._start <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">not<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__enter__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.start()\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> self\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__exit__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, *args<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.stop()\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">timefunc<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">fn, *args, **kwargs<\/span>):<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">fncomposite<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">*args, **kwargs<\/span>):<\/span>\n        timer = Timer()\n        timer.start()\n        rt = fn(*args, **kwargs)\n        timer.stop()\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Executing %s took %s seconds.\"<\/span> % (fn.__name__, timer.elapsed))\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> rt\n    \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> fncomposite\n\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Timed<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\"><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span><\/span>):<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__new__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">cls, name, bases, attr<\/span>):<\/span>\n        \n        \n        \n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> name, value <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> attr.items():\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span>(value) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> types.FunctionType <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">or<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">type<\/span>(value) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> types.MethodType:\n                attr(name) = timefunc(value)\n\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">super<\/span>(Timed, cls).__new__(cls, name, bases, attr)\n\n\n\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Math<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">metaclass=Timed<\/span>):<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">multiply<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">a, b<\/span>):<\/span>\n        product = a * b\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(product)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> product\n\nMath.multiply(<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>)\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Shouter<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">metaclass=Timed<\/span>):<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">intro<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"I shout!\"<\/span>)\n\ns = Shouter()\ns.intro()\n\n\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">divide<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">a, b<\/span>):<\/span>\n    result = a \/ b\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(result)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> result\n\ndiv = timefunc(divide)\ndiv(<span class=\"hljs-number\">9<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>Timed<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc-\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632.  \u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>Timed<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.  \u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 a \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>Timed<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0631\u06a9 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0628 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.  \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064b \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.python.org\/doc\/essays\/metaclasses\/\">\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646<\/a> \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.python.org\/dev\/peps\/pep-3115\/\">\u0645\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 3<\/a> \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>\n                        !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s)\n                        {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?\n                        n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};\n                        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