{"id":16639,"date":"2024-01-28T16:40:15","date_gmt":"2024-01-28T13:10:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-sqlite-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/"},"modified":"2024-01-28T16:40:15","modified_gmt":"2024-01-28T13:10:15","slug":"%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-sqlite-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-sqlite-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 SQLite \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-sqlite-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c\" >\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-sqlite-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%da%af%d8%a7%d9%87_%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d9%88_%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af_%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b7\" >\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-sqlite-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af_%d8%ac%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84\" >\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-sqlite-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%af%d8%b1_%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84_%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%da%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c_%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d9%87%d8%a7\" >\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-sqlite-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%be%d8%b1%d8%b3_%d9%88_%d8%ac%d9%88_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%da%af%d8%a7%d9%87_%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87\" >\u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-sqlite-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\" >\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 9<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div><noscript><\/noscript><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"introduction\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 SQLite \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0628\u0627 Python \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/sqlite3.html#module-sqlite3\">sqlite3<\/a> \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637.  SQLite \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  SQLite \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0647\u0648\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u0628 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0648 \u062f\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u067e \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"creatingadatabaseandmakingaconnection\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%da%af%d8%a7%d9%87_%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d9%88_%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af_%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b7\"><\/span>\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f SQLite \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 sqlite3 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>connect(...)<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 sqlite3 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> sqlite3\ncon = sqlite3.connect(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'\/path\/to\/file\/db.sqlite3'<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> os\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> sqlite3\n\n\n\nDEFAULT_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), <span class=\"hljs-string\">'database.sqlite3'<\/span>)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">db_connect<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">db_path=DEFAULT_PATH<\/span>):<\/span>\n    con = sqlite3.connect(db_path)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> con\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"creatingtables\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af_%d8%ac%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84\"><\/span>\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f.  \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 SQLite \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc<\/th>\n<th>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e<\/th>\n<th>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f &#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/th>\n<th>\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0622\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06af<\/td>\n<td>22\/2\/1944<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc<\/td>\n<td>7.99<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0648\u062a<\/td>\n<td>7\/3\/1967<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647<\/td>\n<td>17.99<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0648\u062a<\/td>\n<td>7\/3\/1967<\/td>\n<td>\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<td>11.99<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<td>1\/12\/1969<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647<\/td>\n<td>16.99<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. <em>\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a<\/em> \u0648 <em>\u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0637<\/em> (\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 <em>\u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634<\/em>) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc db_utils.py \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u060c SQL \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> db_utils <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> db_connect\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>con = db_connect() \n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>cur = con.cursor() \n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>customers_sql = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\"\"\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>CREATE TABLE customers (\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>    id integer PRIMARY KEY,\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>    first_name text NOT NULL,\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>    last_name text NOT NULL)\"\"\"<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>cur.execute(customers_sql)\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>products_sql = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\"\"\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>CREATE TABLE products (\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>    id integer PRIMARY KEY,\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>    name text NOT NULL,\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>    price real NOT NULL)\"\"\"<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>cur.execute(products_sql)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0634\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a SQL \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 SQLite<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0633\u067e\u0633 SQL \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0645. <code>customers_sql<\/code>.  \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0647 <code>execute(...)<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 <code>customers_sql<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631.  \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0645 <em>\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/em> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>sqlite_master<\/code> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc SQLite\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>name<\/code> \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0632 <code>sqlite_master<\/code> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 <code>type<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 &#8220;\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644&#8221;.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>cur.execute(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table'\"<\/span>)\n&lt;sqlite3.Cursor <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">object<\/span> at <span class=\"hljs-number\">0x104ff7ce0<\/span>&gt;\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(cur.fetchall())\n((<span class=\"hljs-string\">'customers'<\/span>,), (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'products'<\/span>,))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>sql<\/code> \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 <code>type<\/code> \u0647\u0646\u0648\u0632 &#8220;\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 <code>name<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u00ab\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u0648\/\u06cc\u0627 \u00ab\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u00bb \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>cur.execute(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\"\"SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table'\n\u2026 AND name='customers'\"\"\"<\/span>)\n&lt;sqlite3.Cursor <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">object<\/span> at <span class=\"hljs-number\">0x104ff7ce0<\/span>&gt;\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(cur.fetchone()(<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>))\nCREATE TABLE customers (\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">id<\/span> integer PRIMARY KEY,\n    first_name text NOT NULL,\n    last_name text NOT NULL)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f <em>\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a<\/em> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 SQLite \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\/\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc (\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u06cc SQLite) \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>orders_sql = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\"\"\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>CREATE TABLE orders (\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>    id integer PRIMARY KEY,\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>    date text NOT NULL,\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>    customer_id integer,\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>    FOREIGN KEY (customer_id) REFERENCES customers (id))\"\"\"<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>cur.execute(orders_sql)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f <em>\u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0637<\/em> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">lineitems_sql = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\"\"\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>CREATE TABLE lineitems (\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>    id integer PRIMARY KEY,\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>    quantity integer NOT NULL,\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>    total real NOT NULL,\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>    product_id integer,\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>    order_id integer,\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>    FOREIGN KEY (product_id) REFERENCES products (id),\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>    FOREIGN KEY (order_id) REFERENCES orders (id))\"\"\"<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>cur.execute(lineitems_sql)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"loadingthedata\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b1_%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84_%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%da%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c_%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d9%87%d8%a7\"><\/span>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f.  \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a <em>\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/em> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a.  \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a (7.99 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631)<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647 (17.99 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631)<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627 (11.99 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631)<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 (16.99 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a INSERT \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 SQL \u062f\u0631\u062c \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u062f execute \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0634\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 sql \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>con = db_connect()\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>cur = con.cursor()\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>product_sql = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"INSERT INTO products (name, price) VALUES (?, ?)\"<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>cur.execute(product_sql, (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Introduction to Combinatorics'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">7.99<\/span>))\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>cur.execute(product_sql, (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'A Guide to Writing Short Stories'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">17.99<\/span>))\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>cur.execute(product_sql, (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Data Structures and Algorithms'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">11.99<\/span>))\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>cur.execute(product_sql, (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Advanced Set Theory'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">16.99<\/span>))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u06a9\u0646\u0645 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627.  \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 insert \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 SQL \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0632 <code>?<\/code> \u0628\u06cc\u062a  \u0631\u0627 <code>?<\/code>&#8216;\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc&#8221; \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 sqlite3 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.  \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u060c \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0636\u062f \u0639\u0641\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>?<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0647 <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/sqlite3.html#sqlite3.Cursor.execute\">\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646<\/a> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0634\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0637\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SQL_injection\">\u062a\u0632\u0631\u06cc\u0642 SQL<\/a>.  \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/xkcd.com\/327\/\">xkcd.com<\/a> \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0632\u0631\u06cc\u0642 SQL \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/xkcd.com\/327\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"XKCD \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0631\" src=\"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/exploits_of_a_mom.png\" title=\"\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u060c \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u062a\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 SELECT SQL \u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>cur.execute(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"SELECT id, name, price FROM products\"<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>formatted_result = (<span class=\"hljs-string\">f\"<span class=\"hljs-subst\">{<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">id<\/span>:&lt;<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>}<\/span><span class=\"hljs-subst\">{name:&lt;<span class=\"hljs-number\">35<\/span>}<\/span><span class=\"hljs-subst\">{price:&gt;<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>}<\/span>\"<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">id<\/span>, name, price <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> cur.fetchall())\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">id<\/span>, product, price = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Id\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Product\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Price\"<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'\\n'<\/span>.join((<span class=\"hljs-string\">f\"<span class=\"hljs-subst\">{<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">id<\/span>:&lt;<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>}<\/span><span class=\"hljs-subst\">{product:&lt;<span class=\"hljs-number\">35<\/span>}<\/span><span class=\"hljs-subst\">{price:&gt;<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>}<\/span>\"<\/span>) + formatted_result))\nId   Product                            Price\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>    Introduction to Combinatorics       <span class=\"hljs-number\">7.99<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>    A Guide to Writing Short Stories   <span class=\"hljs-number\">17.99<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>    Data Structures <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">and<\/span> Algorithms     <span class=\"hljs-number\">11.99<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>    Advanced <span class=\"hljs-type\">Set<\/span> Theory                <span class=\"hljs-number\">16.99<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc 22 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0647 1944 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0622\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f <strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc 7.99 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0642\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>lastrowid<\/code> \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f \u0634\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>customer_sql = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"INSERT INTO customers (first_name, last_name) VALUES (?, ?)\"<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>cur.execute(customer_sql, (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Alan'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Turing'<\/span>))\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>customer_id = cur.lastrowid\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(customer_id)\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0642\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>order_sql = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"INSERT INTO orders (date, customer_id) VALUES (?, ?)\"<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>date = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"1944-02-22\"<\/span> \n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>cur.execute(order_sql, (date, customer_id))\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>order_id = cur.lastrowid\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(order_id)\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>li_sql = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\"\"INSERT INTO lineitems \n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>      (order_id, product_id, quantity, total)\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>    VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)\"\"\"<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>product_id = <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>cur.execute(li_sql, (order_id, <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">7.99<\/span>))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0637 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0632\u0646\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 db_utils.py \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">create_customer<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">con, first_name, last_name<\/span>):<\/span>\n    sql = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\"\"\n        INSERT INTO customers (first_name, last_name)\n        VALUES (?, ?)\"\"\"<\/span>\n    cur = con.cursor()\n    cur.execute(sql, (first_name, last_name))\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> cur.lastrowid\n\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">create_order<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">con, customer_id, date<\/span>):<\/span>\n    sql = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\"\"\n        INSERT INTO orders (customer_id, date)\n        VALUES (?, ?)\"\"\"<\/span>\n    cur = con.cursor()\n    cur.execute(sql, (customer_id, date))\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> cur.lastrowid\n\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">create_lineitem<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">con, order_id, product_id, qty, total<\/span>):<\/span>\n    sql = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\"\"\n        INSERT INTO lineitems\n            (order_id, product_id, quantity, total)\n        VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)\"\"\"<\/span>\n    cur = con.cursor()\n    cur.execute(sql, (order_id, product_id, qty, total))\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> cur.lastrowid\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u0648\u0647\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645!<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a <code>exit()<\/code> \u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> db_utils <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> db_connect, create_customer, create_order, create_lineitem\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>con = db_connect()\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>knuth_id = create_customer(con, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Donald'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Knuth'<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>knuth_order = create_order(con, knuth_id, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'1967-07-03'<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>knuth_li1 = create_lineitem(con, knuth_order, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">17.99<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>knuth_li2 = create_lineitem(con, knuth_order, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">11.99<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>codd_id = create_customer(con, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Edgar'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Codd'<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>codd_order = create_order(con, codd_id, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'1969-01-12'<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>codd_li = create_lineitem(con, codd_order, <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">16.99<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 (\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f INSERT) \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a (\u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634) \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u06cc (\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u060c \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0637) \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f. \u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u062e \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span>:\n    codd_id = create_customer(con, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Edgar'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Codd'<\/span>)\n    codd_order = create_order(con, codd_id, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'1969-01-12'<\/span>)\n    codd_li = create_lineitem(con, codd_order, <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">16.99<\/span>)\n\n    \n    con.commit()\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">except<\/span>:\n    \n    con.rollback()\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise<\/span> RuntimeError(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Uh oh, an error occurred ...\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0645.  \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 10.99 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634).<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>update_sql = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"UPDATE products SET price = ? WHERE id = ?\"<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>cur.execute(update_sql, (<span class=\"hljs-number\">10.99<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"queryingthedatabase\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%be%d8%b1%d8%b3_%d9%88_%d8%ac%d9%88_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%da%af%d8%a7%d9%87_%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87\"><\/span>\u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 SELECT \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 sqlite3 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 SELECT \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a SELECT \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>execute(...)<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0634\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627  \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>fetchall()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>cur.execute(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"SELECT id, first_name, last_name FROM customers\"<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>results = cur.fetchall()\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> row <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> results:\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(row)\n(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Alan'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Turing'<\/span>)\n(<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Donald'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Knuth'<\/span>)\n(<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Edgar'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Codd'<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 2 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f. <code>fetchone()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0634\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>cur.execute(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"SELECT id, first_name, last_name FROM customers WHERE id = 2\"<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>result = cur.fetchone()\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(result)\n(<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Donald'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Knuth'<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0641 \u062a\u06a9\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u067e\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f  \u062e\u0648\u0628\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u067e\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.  \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 <code>row_factory<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>sqlite3.Row<\/code>.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u06a9 \u062a\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0641 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> sqlite3\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>con.row_factory = sqlite3.Row\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>cur = con.cursor()\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>cur.execute(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"SELECT id, first_name, last_name FROM customers WHERE id = 2\"<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>result = cur.fetchone()\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">id<\/span>, first_name, last_name = result(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'id'<\/span>), result(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'first_name'<\/span>), result(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'last_name'<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">f\"Customer: <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{first_name}<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{last_name}<\/span>'s id is <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">id<\/span>}<\/span>\"<\/span>)\nCustomer: Donald Knuth<span class=\"hljs-string\">'s id is 2\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\"><\/span>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 Python sqlite3 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 SQLite \u062a\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0634\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>\n                        !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s)\n                        {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?\n                        n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};\n                        if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';\n                        n.queue=();t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;\n                        t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)(0);\n                        s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script',\n                        'https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/fbevents.js');\n                        fbq('init', '525232124909042');\n                        fbq('track', 'PageView');\n                    <\/script>    (\u0628\u0631\u0686\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647)# python<br \/>\n<br \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 1403-01-28 16:40:04<br \/>\n<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;16639&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 (0 \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;30&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 SQLite \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} ({count} \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 9<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 SQLite \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0628\u0627 Python \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f sqlite3 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637. SQLite \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. SQLite \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0646 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":16640,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1743,620],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16639","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python","category-programming"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16639","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16639"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16639\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16640"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16639"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16639"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16639"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}