{"id":16668,"date":"2024-01-29T11:35:24","date_gmt":"2024-01-29T08:05:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4-%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ae%d8%aa-%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b3%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b4-%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%86\/"},"modified":"2024-01-29T11:35:24","modified_gmt":"2024-01-29T08:05:24","slug":"%d9%be%db%8c%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4-%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ae%d8%aa-%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b3%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b4-%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4-%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ae%d8%aa-%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b3%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b4-%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4-%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ae%d8%aa-%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b3%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b4-%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%86\/#%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c\" >\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4-%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ae%d8%aa-%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b3%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b4-%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%86\/#%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%a8%db%8c_%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%82%d8%a8%d9%84%db%8c\" >\u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4-%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ae%d8%aa-%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b3%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b4-%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%86\/#%d9%be%db%8c%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4_%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ae%d8%aa_%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4_%d8%b3%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b4_%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad_%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%87\" >\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0634\u062f\u0647<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4-%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ae%d8%aa-%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b3%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b4-%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%86\/#django-mptt\" >Django-mptt<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4-%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ae%d8%aa-%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b3%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b4-%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%86\/#%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%84%d9%87_%d8%a8%db%8c%d9%86_%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b1_%d9%88_mptt\" >\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648 MPTT<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 11<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div><noscript><\/noscript><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"introduction\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"evaluatingthepriorimplementation\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%a8%db%8c_%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%82%d8%a8%d9%84%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f <code>Employee<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 &#8220;employee(id, first_name, last_name, role, manager_id)&#8221; \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 manager_id \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adjacency_list\">\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> id, first_name, last_name, role, manager_id <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> employee <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> id;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0642\u0634<\/th>\n<th>manager_id<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u06cc\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u06af\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/td>\n<td>PRES<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u06af\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/td>\n<td>MGR<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u0648<\/td>\n<td>Schmo<\/td>\n<td>STD<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u0646\u06af \u0642\u0647\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u06cc<\/td>\n<td>STD<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>\u0622\u062f\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a<\/td>\n<td>MGR<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0645\u0646<\/td>\n<td>STD<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc manager_id \u0627\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0648 \u0622\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc manager_id \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u062c\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f 1.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0645 <code>Employee<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">(venv) $ python manage.py shell\nPython <span class=\"hljs-number\">3.6<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">.2<\/span> (default, Jul <span class=\"hljs-number\">17<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-number\">2017<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">16<\/span>:<span class=\"hljs-number\">44<\/span>:<span class=\"hljs-number\">45<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> hrmgmt.models <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> Employee\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>jane_doe = Employee.objects.get(pk=<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>managers = jane_doe.employee.<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">all<\/span>()\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> m <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> managers:\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(m.first_name, m.last_name, m.role, m.manager_id, m.manager_id)\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">... <\/span>\nJohn Doe MGR <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>\nAdam Smith MGR <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>\n&gt;&gt;&gt;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>ORM \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062c\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f. <code>employee<\/code> \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 <code>Employee<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-operator\">*<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> htmgmt_employee <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> manager_id <span class=\"hljs-operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>  \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<table class=\"table table-striped\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0642\u0634<\/th>\n<th>manager_id<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u06af\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/td>\n<td>MGR<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>\u0622\u062f\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a<\/td>\n<td>MGR<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f <code>employee<\/code> \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 <code>Employee<\/code> \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0634 ORM \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-operator\">*<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> hrmgmt_employee <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> manager_id <span class=\"hljs-operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<table class=\"table table-striped\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0642\u0634<\/th>\n<th>manager_id<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u0648<\/td>\n<td>Schmo<\/td>\n<td>STD<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u0646\u06af \u0642\u0647\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u06cc<\/td>\n<td>STD<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 (\u062c\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648) \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f <code>employee<\/code> \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0648 ORM \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646\u0627\u064b \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f &#8211; \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f &#8211; \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.  \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0631\u062e \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06af\u0631 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u062f <em>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627<\/em> \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0637 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 2 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-operator\">*<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> htmgmt_employee <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> first_name <span class=\"hljs-operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">'John'<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AND<\/span> last_name <span class=\"hljs-operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Brown'<\/span>;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<table class=\"table table-striped\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0642\u0634<\/th>\n<th>manager_id<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u0646\u06af \u0642\u0647\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u06cc<\/td>\n<td>STD<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-operator\">*<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> htmgmt_employee <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> id <span class=\"hljs-operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<table class=\"table table-striped\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0642\u0634<\/th>\n<th>manager_id<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u06af\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/td>\n<td>MGR<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u060c \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 manager_id \u0627\u0648 1 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 1 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-operator\">*<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> htmgmt_employee <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> id <span class=\"hljs-operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<table class=\"table table-striped\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0642\u0634<\/th>\n<th>manager_id<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u06cc\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u06af\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/td>\n<td>PRES<\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"modifiedpreordertreetraversal\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%be%db%8c%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4_%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ae%d8%aa_%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4_%d8%b3%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b4_%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad_%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%87\"><\/span>\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0634\u062f\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062e\u0648\u0634\u0628\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0634\u062f\u0647 (MPTT) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0686\u0633\u0628\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0686\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/modified-preorder-tree-traversal-django-1.png\" alt=\"\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a\u06cc MPTT \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0631\u0686\u0633\u0628 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 1 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0686\u067e \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f root node\u060c \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062f node \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0686\u067e root.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 node \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0686\u067e \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0686\u0633\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f node \u0628\u0627 2. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 process \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0632\u0646\u062f (\u0628\u0631\u06af) node\u060c \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0634\u0645\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644.  \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u062f\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0686\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0632\u0646\u06cc\u062f node \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0686\u067e \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0686\u0633\u0628 \u0632\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0639\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 root \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648.<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 &#8220;\u0686\u067e&#8221; \u0648 &#8220;\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a&#8221; \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u067e \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0632\u0631\u0648 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 SQL \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f &#8220;lft&#8221; \u0648 &#8220;rgt&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 MPTT \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>staff_mptt<\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0642\u0634<\/th>\n<th>manager_id<\/th>\n<th>ft<\/th>\n<th>rgt<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u06cc\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u06af\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/td>\n<td>PRES<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u06af\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/td>\n<td>MGR<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u0648<\/td>\n<td>Schmo<\/td>\n<td>STD<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u0646\u06af \u0642\u0647\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u06cc<\/td>\n<td>STD<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>\u0622\u062f\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a<\/td>\n<td>MGR<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0645\u0646<\/td>\n<td>STD<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc lft \u0648 rgt \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 MPTT \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648\u06cc SQL \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 John Doe \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-operator\">*<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> employee_mptt <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> lft <span class=\"hljs-operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">and<\/span> rgt <span class=\"hljs-operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> lft;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 MPTT\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0645.  \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u06af\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 WHERE \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 lft \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 6 \u0648 rgt \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 6 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 <code>ORDER<\/code>-ing \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 rgt \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-operator\">*<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> employee_mptt <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> lft <span class=\"hljs-operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AND<\/span> rgt <span class=\"hljs-operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> rgt;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<table class=\"table table-striped\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0642\u0634<\/th>\n<th>manager_id<\/th>\n<th>ft<\/th>\n<th>rgt<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u06af\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/td>\n<td>MGR<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u06cc\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u06af\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/td>\n<td>PRES<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc lft \u0648 rgt \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 MPTT \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">abs((rgt - lft - 1)) \/ 2 = # of managed employees\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 rgt \u0648 lft \u062c\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">abs((2 - 7 - 1)) \/ 2 = 2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"djangomptt\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"django-mptt\"><\/span>Django-mptt<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0628 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/django-mptt\/django-mptt\">\u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648-MPTT<\/a> \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 MPTT \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 Django-MPTT \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 MPTT \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 MPTT \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 Django-MPTT \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 GitHub \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/amcquistan\/django-recursive-relationship\/releases\/tag\/0.0.1\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627<\/a> \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0686\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 &#8220;mptt-start&#8221; \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f terminal\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">(venv) $ pip install django django-mptt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a &#8220;hrmgmt&#8221; \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> django.db <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> models\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> mptt.models <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> MPTTModel, TreeForeignKey\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">EmployeeMptt<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">MPTTModel<\/span>):<\/span>\n   STANDARD = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'STD'<\/span>\n   MANAGER = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'MGR'<\/span>\n   SR_MANAGER = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'SRMGR'<\/span>\n   PRESIDENT = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'PRES'<\/span>\n\n   EMPLOYEE_TYPES = (\n       (STANDARD, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'base employee'<\/span>),\n       (MANAGER, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'manager'<\/span>),\n       (SR_MANAGER, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'senior manager'<\/span>),\n       (PRESIDENT, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'president'<\/span>))\n\n   role = models.CharField(max_length=<span class=\"hljs-number\">25<\/span>, choices=EMPLOYEE_TYPES)\n   first_name = models.CharField(max_length=<span class=\"hljs-number\">100<\/span>)\n   last_name = models.CharField(max_length=<span class=\"hljs-number\">100<\/span>)\n   parent = TreeForeignKey(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'self'<\/span>, null=<span class=\"hljs-literal\">True<\/span>, related_name=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'employee'<\/span>)\n\n   <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__str__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n       <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"&lt;EmployeeMptt: {} {}&gt;\"<\/span>.<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">format<\/span>(self.first_name, self.last_name)\n\n   <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__repr__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n       <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> self.__str__()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc <code>MPTTModel<\/code> \u0648 <code>TreeForeignKey<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 django-mptt.  \u0633\u067e\u0633 <code>EmployeeMptt<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0627 <code>EmployeeMptt<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0632 the \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062b \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f <code>MPTTModel<\/code> \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>lft<\/code>\u060c <code>rght<\/code>\u060c <code>level<\/code>\u060c \u0648 <code>tree_id<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 (<code>EmployeeMptt<\/code>).  \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>lft<\/code>: \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f<\/li>\n<li><code>rght<\/code>: \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f<\/li>\n<li><code>level<\/code>: \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f<\/li>\n<li><code>tree_id<\/code>: \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc <code>Employee<\/code> class manager_id<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u062b \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0632 <code>MPTTModel<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u0642\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062d\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>get_ancestors (\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f\u06cc=\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u060c include_self=\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a)<\/li>\n<li>get_children()<\/li>\n<li>get_decendants(include_self=False)<\/li>\n<li>get_decendant_count()<\/li>\n<li>get_family()<\/li>\n<li>get_next_sibling()<\/li>\n<li>get_previous_sibling()<\/li>\n<li>get_root()<\/li>\n<li>get_siblings (include_self=False)<\/li>\n<li>insert_at(target\u060c position=&#8217;first-child&#8217;\u060c save=False)<\/li>\n<li>is_child_node()<\/li>\n<li>is_leaf_node()<\/li>\n<li>is_root_node()<\/li>\n<li>move_to (\u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a = &#8216;\u0641\u0631\u0632\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644&#8217;)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0631\u0627 <code>TreeForeignKey<\/code> \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>django.db.models.ForeignKey<\/code> \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0645 <code>EmployeeMptt<\/code>\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 MPTT \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 terminal \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc <code>EmployeeMptt<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">(venv) $ python manage.py makemigrations\nMigrations <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">'hrmgmt'<\/span>:\n  hrmgmt\/migrations\/0002_employeemptt.py\n    - Create model EmployeeMptt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>DDL SQL \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">(venv) $ python manage.py sqlmigrate hrmgmt 0002\nBEGIN;\n--\n-- Create model EmployeeMptt\n--\nCREATE TABLE <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"hrmgmt_employeemptt\"<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"id\"<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">integer<\/span> NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"role\"<\/span> varchar(25) NOT NULL, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"first_name\"<\/span> varchar(100) NOT NULL, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"last_name\"<\/span> varchar(100) NOT NULL, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"lft\"<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">integer<\/span> unsigned NOT NULL, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"rght\"<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">integer<\/span> unsigned NOT NULL, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"tree_id\"<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">integer<\/span> unsigned NOT NULL, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"level\"<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">integer<\/span> unsigned NOT NULL, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"parent_id\"<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">integer<\/span> NULL REFERENCES <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"hrmgmt_employeemptt\"<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"id\"<\/span>));\nCREATE INDEX <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"hrmgmt_employeemptt_lft_c82902c3\"<\/span> \u0631\u0648\u06cc <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"hrmgmt_employeemptt\"<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"lft\"<\/span>);\nCREATE INDEX <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"hrmgmt_employeemptt_rght_c6110254\"<\/span> \u0631\u0648\u06cc <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"hrmgmt_employeemptt\"<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"rght\"<\/span>);\nCREATE INDEX <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"hrmgmt_employeemptt_tree_id_7abd1eb2\"<\/span> \u0631\u0648\u06cc <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"hrmgmt_employeemptt\"<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"tree_id\"<\/span>);\nCREATE INDEX <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"hrmgmt_employeemptt_level_687f7b49\"<\/span> \u0631\u0648\u06cc <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"hrmgmt_employeemptt\"<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"level\"<\/span>);\nCREATE INDEX <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"hrmgmt_employeemptt_parent_id_88909826\"<\/span> \u0631\u0648\u06cc <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"hrmgmt_employeemptt\"<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"parent_id\"<\/span>);\nCOMMIT;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">(venv) $ python manage.py migrate\nOperations to perform:\n  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, hrmgmt, sessions\nRunning migrations:\n  Applying hrmgmt.0002_employeemptt... OK\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f &#8220;hrmgmt_employeemptt&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 API Django-MPTT \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">(venv) $ python manage.py shell\nPython 3.6.2 (default, Jul 17 2017, 16:44:45) \n(InteractiveConsole)\n&gt;&gt;&gt; from hrmgmt.models import EmployeeMptt\n&gt;&gt;&gt; jane_doe = EmployeeMptt.objects.create(first_name=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Jane'<\/span>, last_name=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Doe'<\/span>, role=EmployeeMptt.PRESIDENT)\n&gt;&gt;&gt; john_doe = EmployeeMptt.objects.create(first_name=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'John'<\/span>, last_name=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Doe'<\/span>, role=EmployeeMptt.MANAGER, parent=jane_doe)\n&gt;&gt;&gt; joe_schmo = EmployeeMptt.objects.create(first_name=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Joe'<\/span>, last_name=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Schmo'<\/span>, role=EmployeeMptt.STANDARD, parent=john_doe)\n&gt;&gt;&gt; john_brown = EmployeeMptt.objects.create(first_name=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'John'<\/span>, last_name=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Brown'<\/span>, role=EmployeeMptt.STANDARD, parent=john_doe)\n&gt;&gt;&gt; adam_smith = EmployeeMptt.objects.create(first_name=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Adam'<\/span>, last_name=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Smith'<\/span>, role=EmployeeMptt.MANAGER, parent=jane_doe)\n&gt;&gt;&gt; milt_friedman = EmployeeMptt.objects.create(first_name=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Milt'<\/span>, last_name=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Friedman'<\/span>, role=EmployeeMptt.STANDARD, parent=adam_smith)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f  \u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 Django-MPTT API \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>parent<\/code> \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 Django-MPTT \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc lft\u060c rght\u060c tree_id \u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062d\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 &#8220;hrmgmt_employeemptt&#8221; \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>htmgmt_employeemptt<\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0642\u0634<\/th>\n<th>ft<\/th>\n<th>\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a<\/th>\n<th>tree_id<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647<\/th>\n<th>\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u06cc\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u06af\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/td>\n<td>PRES<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u06af\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/td>\n<td>MGR<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u0648<\/td>\n<td>Schmo<\/td>\n<td>STD<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u0646\u06af \u0642\u0647\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u06cc<\/td>\n<td>STD<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>\u0622\u062f\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a<\/td>\n<td>MGR<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0645\u0646<\/td>\n<td>STD<\/td>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 Django-MPTT \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f (\u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0648 \u0622\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a) \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. root node  \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a MPTT<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>jane_doe.get_children()\n&lt;TreeQuerySet (&lt;EmployeeMptt: John Doe&gt;, &lt;EmployeeMptt: Adam Smith&gt;)&gt;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062e\u0648\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f <code>jane\\_doe.employee.all()<\/code> \u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>jane_doe.get_descendants()\n&lt;TreeQuerySet (&lt;EmployeeMptt: John Doe&gt;, &lt;EmployeeMptt: Joe Schmo&gt;, &lt;EmployeeMptt: John Brown&gt;, &lt;EmployeeMptt: Adam Smith&gt;, &lt;EmployeeMptt: Milt Friedman&gt;)&gt;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>john_brown.get_siblings()\n&lt;TreeQuerySet (&lt;EmployeeMptt: Joe Schmo&gt;)&gt;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0631 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.  \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a (\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647) \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0686\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u06cc<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>john_brown.get_ancestors()\n&lt;TreeQuerySet (&lt;EmployeeMptt: Jane Doe&gt;, &lt;EmployeeMptt: John Doe&gt;)&gt;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f  \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 Django-MPTT \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/django-mptt.github.io\/django-mptt\/\" class=\"broken_link\">\u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tradeoffsbetweenadjacentlistandmptt\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%84%d9%87_%d8%a8%db%8c%d9%86_%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b1_%d9%88_mptt\"><\/span>\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648 MPTT<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645.  \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627 Django I \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631&#8221; \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 &#8220;\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0634\u062f\u0647 (MPTT)&#8221; \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 SQL \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc <code>SELECT<\/code> \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0627) \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c MPTT \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0637\u0641 Django-MPTT\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 MPTT \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200c\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f <em>\u06af\u0648\u0686\u0627<\/em> \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc MPTT \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648:<\/p>\n<p><em>MPTT \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. <code>SELECT<\/code> \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 MPTT \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0686\u067e \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. process.  \u062e\u0648\u0634\u0628\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 Django-MPTT \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0686\u067e\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0645 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06a9\u0631\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c Django-MPTT \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0644\u0630\u062a \u0628\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0630\u062a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0644\u0637\u0641\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>\n                        !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s)\n                        {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?\n                        n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};\n                        if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';\n                        n.queue=();t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;\n                        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data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;16668&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 (0 \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;30&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} ({count} \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 11<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0646 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":16669,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1743,620],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16668","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python","category-programming"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16668","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16668"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16668\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16669"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16668"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16668"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16668"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}