{"id":16688,"date":"2024-01-29T21:43:45","date_gmt":"2024-01-29T18:13:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%da%af%d8%b4%d8%aa%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%86%da%af%d9%88\/"},"modified":"2024-01-29T21:43:45","modified_gmt":"2024-01-29T18:13:45","slug":"%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%da%af%d8%b4%d8%aa%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%86%da%af%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%da%af%d8%b4%d8%aa%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%86%da%af%d9%88\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%da%af%d8%b4%d8%aa%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%86%da%af%d9%88\/#%d9%86%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d8%a8%d9%87_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7_%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%da%af%d8%b4%d8%aa%db%8c\" >\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%da%af%d8%b4%d8%aa%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%86%da%af%d9%88\/#%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87_%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c_%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d9%be%d8%b1%d9%88%da%98%d9%87_%d8%ac%d9%86%da%af%d9%88\" >\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%da%af%d8%b4%d8%aa%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%86%da%af%d9%88\/#%d9%be%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c_%d9%85%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7\" >\u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%da%af%d8%b4%d8%aa%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%86%da%af%d9%88\/#%da%a9%d9%84%d9%86%da%af_%d8%b2%d8%af%d9%86_%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9_%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%b5\" >\u06a9\u0644\u0646\u06af \u0632\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%da%af%d8%b4%d8%aa%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%86%da%af%d9%88\/#%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c_%da%a9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84_%d9%85%d8%a7\" >\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0627<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%da%af%d8%b4%d8%aa%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%86%da%af%d9%88\/#%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84_%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%81_%da%a9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3_%d9%85%d8%a7_%d8%a8%d9%87_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%da%af%d8%a7%d9%87_%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87\" >\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%da%af%d8%b4%d8%aa%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%86%da%af%d9%88\/#%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b4_%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84%e2%80%8c%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%a8%d8%a7_%d9%be%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%87_%d8%ac%d9%86%da%af%d9%88\" >\u06a9\u0627\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%da%af%d8%b4%d8%aa%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%86%da%af%d9%88\/#%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%b8%db%8c%d9%85_%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%85%d8%a7\" >\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%da%af%d8%b4%d8%aa%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%86%da%af%d9%88\/#%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\" >\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 7<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div><noscript><\/noscript><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"theneedforrecursiverelationships\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d8%a8%d9%87_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7_%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%da%af%d8%b4%d8%aa%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Recursion_(computer_science)\">\u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc<\/a>.  \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc (HR) \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/amcquistan\/django-recursive-relationship\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646 GitHub<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"settingupthedjangoprojectstructure\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87_%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c_%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d9%be%d8%b1%d9%88%da%98%d9%87_%d8%ac%d9%86%da%af%d9%88\"><\/span>\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0628\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f python \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u06cc (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062d\u0627 Python3).  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u060c pip \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">(venv) $ pip install django\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f boilerplate \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u00abwebapp\u00bb \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u060c Flask vs Django\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">(venv) $ django-admin startproject webapp\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 <code>cd<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 <code>manage.py<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a  \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 &#8220;hrmgmt&#8221; \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 &#8220;hrmgmt&#8221; \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">(venv) $ <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">cd<\/span> webapp\n(venv) $ python manage.py startapp hrmgmt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 (\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0628) \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>hrmgmt<\/code> \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f.  \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 <code>webapp\/settings.py<\/code> \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631 &#8220;\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647&#8221; \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>INSTALLED_APPS<\/code> \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>hrmgmt.apps.HrmgmtConfig<\/code>\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\n\nINSTALLED_APPS = (\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">'django.contrib.admin'<\/span>,\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">'django.contrib.auth'<\/span>,\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">'django.contrib.contenttypes'<\/span>,\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">'django.contrib.sessions'<\/span>,\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">'django.contrib.messages'<\/span>,\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">'django.contrib.staticfiles'<\/span>,\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">'hrmgmt.apps.HrmgmtConfig'<\/span>\n)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"configuringtheroutes\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%be%db%8c%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c_%d9%85%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7\"><\/span>\u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c &#8220;webapp&#8221; \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 <code>webapp\/urls.py<\/code> \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f &#8220;\/hr&#8221; \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>hrmgmt<\/code> \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> django.conf.urls <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> url, include\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> django.contrib <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> admin\n\nurlpatterns = (\n    url(<span class=\"hljs-string\">r'^admin\/'<\/span>, admin.site.urls),\n    url(<span class=\"hljs-string\">r'^hr\/'<\/span>, include(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'hrmgmt.urls'<\/span>))\n)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0641 <code>hrmgmt<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>urls.py<\/code> \u0648 \u06a9\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.  \u06a9\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 &#8220;\/hr\/&#8221; \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 view \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 <code>index<\/code> \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> django.conf.urls <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> url\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> views\n\nurlpatterns = (\n    \n    url(<span class=\"hljs-string\">r'^$'<\/span>, views.index, name=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'index'<\/span>)\n)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"stubbingtheindexviewfunction\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%da%a9%d9%84%d9%86%da%af_%d8%b2%d8%af%d9%86_%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9_%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%b5\"><\/span>\u06a9\u0644\u0646\u06af \u0632\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>index<\/code> \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 &#8220;\/hr\/&#8221; \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0645\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0645.  \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06af\u0634\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 <code>hrmgmt\/views.py<\/code> \u06a9\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> django.http <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> HttpResponse\n\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">index<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">request<\/span>):<\/span>\n    response = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"My List of Employees Goes Here\"<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> HttpResponse(response)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">(venv) $ python manage.py runserver\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06af\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f <a href=\"http:\/\/localhost:8000\/hr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/localhost:8000\/hr\/<\/a> \u0648 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0645\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f&#8221; \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"designingourmodelclasses\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c_%da%a9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84_%d9%85%d8%a7\"><\/span>\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0627<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0628\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645!  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.  \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f &#8220;\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u062f&#8221; \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 <code>hrmgmt\/models.py<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> django.db <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> models\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Employee<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">models.Model<\/span>):<\/span>\n    STANDARD = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'STD'<\/span>\n    MANAGER = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'MGR'<\/span>\n    SR_MANAGER = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'SRMGR'<\/span>\n    PRESIDENT = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'PRES'<\/span>\n\n    EMPLOYEE_TYPES = (\n        (STANDARD, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'base employee'<\/span>),\n        (MANAGER, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'manager'<\/span>),\n        (SR_MANAGER, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'senior manager'<\/span>),\n        (PRESIDENT, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'president'<\/span>)\n    )\n\n    role = models.CharField(max_length=<span class=\"hljs-number\">25<\/span>, choices=EMPLOYEE_TYPES)\n    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=<span class=\"hljs-number\">100<\/span>)\n    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=<span class=\"hljs-number\">100<\/span>)\n    manager = models.ForeignKey(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'self'<\/span>, null=<span class=\"hljs-literal\">True<\/span>, related_name=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'employee'<\/span>)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__str__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"&lt;Employee: {} {}&gt;\"<\/span>.<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">format<\/span>(self.first_name, self.last_name)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__repr__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> self.__str__()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0637 \u06a9\u062f \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>Employee<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062b \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f <code>django.db.models.Model<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062b \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f <code>Employee<\/code> \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 ORM \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0647 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f (STANDARD\u060c MANAGER\u060c SR_MANAGER\u060c PRESIDENT) \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f <code>first_name<\/code> \u0648 <code>last_name<\/code> \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 100 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0631\u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc <code>manager<\/code> \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062b \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f <code>django.db.models.Model<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 (\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644) \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u062f: &#8220;\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062f&#8221;.  \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 <code>self<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 <code>model.ForeignKey<\/code> \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 <code>null=True<\/code> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ERD \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/recursive-model-relationships-django-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"migratingourclassdefinitiontothedatabase\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84_%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%81_%da%a9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3_%d9%85%d8%a7_%d8%a8%d9%87_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%da%af%d8%a7%d9%87_%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87\"><\/span>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 Employee \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 DDL SQL \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 <code>manage.py<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SQLite\">SQLite<\/a> \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 root \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">(venv) $ python manage.py migrate\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>Employee<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">(venv) $ python manage.py makemigrations\n(venv) $ python manage.py migrate\nOperations to perform:\n  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, hrmgmt, sessions\nRunning migrations:\n  Applying hrmgmt.0001_initial... OK\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f DDL SQL \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">(venv) $ python manage.py sqlmigrate hrmgmt 0001\n\nBEGIN;\n--\n-- Create model Employee\n--\nCREATE TABLE <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"hrmgmt_employee\"<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"id\"<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">integer<\/span> NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"role\"<\/span> varchar(25) NOT NULL, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"first_name\"<\/span> varchar(100) NOT NULL, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"last_name\"<\/span> varchar(100) NOT NULL, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"manager_id\"<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">integer<\/span> NULL REFERENCES <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"hrmgmt_employee\"<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"id\"<\/span>));\nCREATE INDEX <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"hrmgmt_employee_manager_id_43028de6\"<\/span> \u0631\u0648\u06cc <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"hrmgmt_employee\"<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"manager_id\"<\/span>);\nCOMMIT;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"exploringmodelswiththedjangoshell\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b4_%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84%e2%80%8c%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%a8%d8%a7_%d9%be%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%87_%d8%ac%d9%86%da%af%d9%88\"><\/span>\u06a9\u0627\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 REPL \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">(venv) $ python manage.py shell\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> hrmgmt.models <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> Employee\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>janeD = Employee.objects.create(first_name=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Jane'<\/span>, last_name=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Doe'<\/span>, role=Employee.PRESIDENT)\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>johnD = Employee.objects.create(first_name=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'John'<\/span>, last_name=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Doe'<\/span>, role=Employee.MANAGER, manager=janeD)\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>joeS = Employee.objects.create(first_name=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Joe'<\/span>, last_name=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Scho'<\/span>, role=Employee.STANDARD, manager=johnD)\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>johnB = Employee.objects.create(first_name=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'John'<\/span>, last_name=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Brown'<\/span>, role=Employee.STANDARD, manager=johnD)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u062c\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0634 \u062c\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f (\u0628\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f).  \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0634\u0645\u0648 \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>employee<\/code> \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 <code>employee<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u06cc  \u0645\u0627 <code>johnD<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>johnD.employee.<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">all<\/span>()\n&lt;QuerySet (&lt;Employee: Joe Scho&gt;, &lt;Employee: John Brown&gt;)&gt;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627 <code>janeD<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>janeD.employee.<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">all<\/span>()\n&lt;QuerySet (&lt;Employee: John Doe&gt;)&gt;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/span>johnD.manager\n&lt;Employee: Jane Doe&gt;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc!  \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"settingupourview\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%b8%db%8c%d9%85_%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%85%d8%a7\"><\/span>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0627 <code>hrmgmt<\/code> \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 <code>templates<\/code>.  \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 <code>templates<\/code> \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 <code>hrmgmt<\/code>.  \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 <code>hrmgmt\/templates\/hrmgmt<\/code> \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 HTML \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u062f <code>index.html<\/code>.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">&lt;!DOCTYPE <span class=\"hljs-meta-keyword\">html<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">html<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">lang<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"en\"<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">head<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">title<\/span>&gt;<\/span>Employee Listing<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">title<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">meta<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">charset<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"UTF-8\"<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">meta<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">name<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"viewport\"<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">content<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\"<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">link<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">rel<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"stylesheet\"<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">href<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"https:\/\/maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com\/bootstrap\/4.0.0-beta\/css\/bootstrap.min.css\"<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">integrity<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"sha384-\/Y6pD6FV\/Vv2HJnA6t+vslU6fwYXjCFtcEpHbNJ0lyAFsXTsjBbfaDjzALeQsN6M\"<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">crossorigin<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"anonymous\"<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">script<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">src<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"https:\/\/maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com\/bootstrap\/4.0.0-beta\/js\/bootstrap.min.js\"<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">integrity<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"sha384-h0AbiXch4ZDo7tp9hKZ4TsHbi047NrKGLO3SEJAg45jXxnGIfYzk4Si90RDIqNm1\"<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">crossorigin<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"anonymous\"<\/span>&gt;<\/span><span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">script<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">head<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">body<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">div<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">class<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"container\"<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n            <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">div<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">class<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"row\"<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n                <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">div<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">class<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"col-md-12\"<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n                    <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">h1<\/span>&gt;<\/span>Employee Listing<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">h1<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n                <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">div<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n            <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">div<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n            <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">div<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">class<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"row\"<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n                <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">dov<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">class<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"col-md-12\"<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n                    <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">table<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">class<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"table table-striped\"<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">thead<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">class<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"thead-inverse\"<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n                            <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">tr<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">th<\/span>&gt;<\/span>Employee ID<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">th<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">th<\/span>&gt;<\/span>First Name<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">th<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">th<\/span>&gt;<\/span>Last Name<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">th<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">th<\/span>&gt;<\/span>Role<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">th<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">th<\/span>&gt;<\/span>Manager<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">th<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n                            <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">tr<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">thead<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">tbody<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">class<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'table-striped'<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n                            {% for employee in employees %}\n                            <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">tr<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">td<\/span>&gt;<\/span>{{ employee.id }}<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">td<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">td<\/span>&gt;<\/span>{{ employee.first_name }}<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">td<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">td<\/span>&gt;<\/span>{{ employee.last_name }}<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">td<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">td<\/span>&gt;<\/span>{{ employee.get_role_display }}<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">td<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">td<\/span>&gt;<\/span>{% if employee.manager %}{{ employee.manager.first_name }} {{ employee.manager.last_name }}{% endif %}<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">td<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n                            <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">tr<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n                            {% endfor %}\n                        <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">tbody<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n                    <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">table<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n                <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">dov<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n            <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">div<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">div<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">script<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">src<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"https:\/\/code.jquery.com\/jquery-3.2.1.slim.min.js\"<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">integrity<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"sha384-KJ3o2DKtIkvYIK3UENzmM7KCkRr\/rE9\/Qpg6aAZGJwFDMVNA\/GpGFF93hXpG5KkN\"<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">crossorigin<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"anonymous\"<\/span>&gt;<\/span><span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">script<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">script<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">src<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/popper.js\/1.11.0\/umd\/popper.min.js\"<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">integrity<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"sha384-b\/U6ypiBEHpOf\/4+1nzFpr53nxSS+GLCkfwBdFNTxtclqqenISfwAzpKaMNFNmj4\"<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">crossorigin<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"anonymous\"<\/span>&gt;<\/span><span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">script<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">body<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">html<\/span>&gt;<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.djangoproject.com\/en\/1.11\/topics\/templates\/\">\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/a> \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0628 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648.  \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc HTML \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u00ab\u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635\u00bb \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f view \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 import \u0631\u0627 <code>render<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648\u060c \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a <code>HttpResponse<\/code> \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0647 <code>render<\/code>\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 <code>request<\/code> \u0634\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> django.shortcuts <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> render\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> .models <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> Employee\n\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">index<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">request<\/span>):<\/span>\n    employees = Employee.objects.order_by(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'id'<\/span>).<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">all<\/span>()\n    context = {<span class=\"hljs-string\">'employees'<\/span>: employees}\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> render(request, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'hrmgmt\/index.html'<\/span>, context)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <a href=\"http:\/\/localhost:8000\/hr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/localhost:8000\/hr\/<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f URL \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 &#8220;Enter&#8221; \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.  \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/recursive-model-relationships-django-2.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u00ab\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u00bb \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0645 <code>Employee<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 <code>Employee<\/code> \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\"><\/span>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645.  \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u06a9\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0648 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\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0645.  \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0628 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>\n                        !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s)\n                        {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?\n                        n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};\n                        if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';\n                        n.queue=();t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;\n                        t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)(0);\n                        s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script',\n                        'https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/fbevents.js');\n                        fbq('init', '525232124909042');\n                        fbq('track', 'PageView');\n                    <\/script>    (\u0628\u0631\u0686\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647)# python<br \/>\n<br \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 1403-01-29 21:43:12<br \/>\n<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;16688&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 (0 \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;30&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0648&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} ({count} \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 7<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":16689,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1743,620],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python","category-programming"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16688","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16688"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16688\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16689"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16688"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16688"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16688"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}