{"id":16745,"date":"2024-02-02T23:28:46","date_gmt":"2024-02-02T19:58:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/"},"modified":"2024-02-02T23:28:46","modified_gmt":"2024-02-02T19:58:46","slug":"%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u2013 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0646 RHEL \u0686\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#%d9%81%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8\" >\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c_%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8c_%d8%b3%d8%b7%d8%ad_%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af_%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa_%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%86\" >\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%87%db%8c_%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84%db%8c%d9%87_%d8%b3%d8%ae%d8%aa_%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1\" >\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%da%af%d8%b0%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c_%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%85_%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%84\" >\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87_%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c_%d8%ae%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa_%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%85\" >\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%84_%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1\" >\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#%d8%af%d8%b1%da%a9_%d8%b9%d9%85%db%8c%d9%82_%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af_%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa\" >\u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#post_%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a2%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4%d9%86\" >POST (\u062e\u0648\u062f\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%d9%84_%d9%88_%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9_post\" >\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 POST<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#%d8%a2%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c_%d8%a8%d8%a7_biosuefi\" >\u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 BIOS\/UEFI<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#bios\" >BIOS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#uefi_%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7_%db%8c%da%a9%d9%be%d8%a7%d8%b1%da%86%d9%87_%d8%b3%d9%81%d8%aa%e2%80%8c%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87%e2%80%8c%d9%be%d8%b0%db%8c%d8%b1\" >UEFI (\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0633\u0641\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%aa_%d8%a8%db%8c%d9%86_bios_%d9%88_uefi\" >\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 BIOS \u0648 UEFI<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#mbr_master_boot_record\" >MBR (Master Boot Record)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1_mbr\" >\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 MBR<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%af_mbr\" >\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f MBR<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%88%d8%af%db%8c%d8%aa_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_mbr\" >\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc MBR<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#gpt_%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84_%d9%be%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%b4%d9%86_guid\" >GPT (\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 GUID)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1_gpt\" >\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 GPT<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%af_gpt\" >\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f GPT<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#grub_%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa_%d9%84%d9%88%d8%af%d8%b1_%d8%a8%d8%b2%d8%b1%da%af_%db%8c%da%a9%d9%be%d8%a7%d8%b1%da%86%d9%87\" >GRUB (\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b1_initrd_%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b3%da%a9_ram_%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84%db%8c%d9%87\" >\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 Initrd (\u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 RAM \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647).<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#%d9%87%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%87\" >\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#rootfs\" >RootFS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af_%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b9\" >\u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#%d8%af%db%8c%d9%85%d9%88%d9%86_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%85\" >\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%86-rhel-%da%86%d9%87-%d8%a7\/#%d8%a8%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%87_%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c\" >\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 13<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<section class=\"post-content \" data-test-label=\"post-content\">\n<p>\u0686\u06a9\u0645\u0647 process \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 (OS) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647. <\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f process \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641.  \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 process \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a. <\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u062d\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f process\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u06a9\u0645\u0647 process \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"table-of-contents\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%81%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8\"><\/span><strong><strong><strong>\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0646 process<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0686\u06a9\u0645\u0647 process \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642<\/li>\n<li>POST (\u062e\u0648\u062f\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646)<\/li>\n<li>\u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 BIOS\/UEFI<\/li>\n<li>MBR (Master Boot Record)<\/li>\n<li>GPT (\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 GUID)<\/li>\n<li>GRUB (\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647)<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 Initrd (\u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 RAM \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647).<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647<\/li>\n<li>RootFS<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"high-level-overview-of-the-booting-process\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c_%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8c_%d8%b3%d8%b7%d8%ad_%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af_%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa_%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%86\"><\/span>\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"initializing-hardware\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%87%db%8c_%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84%db%8c%d9%87_%d8%b3%d8%ae%d8%aa_%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1\"><\/span>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062a process\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f BIOS \u06cc\u0627 UEFI) \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0698 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"loading-the-operating-system\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%da%af%d8%b0%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c_%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%85_%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%84\"><\/span>\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f process \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"launching-system-services\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87_%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c_%d8%ae%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa_%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%85\"><\/span>\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc\/\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0648 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"user-interaction\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%84_%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1\"><\/span>\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0686\u06a9\u0645\u0647 process \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645\u062f\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 (\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631) \u0628\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u062f\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u067e\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u062c \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"understanding-the-boot-process-in-depth\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b1%da%a9_%d8%b9%d9%85%db%8c%d9%82_%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af_%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa\"><\/span>\u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure class=\"kg-card kg-image-card kg-width-wide kg-card-hascaption\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-150.png\" class=\"kg-image\" alt=\"\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631-150\" width=\"1054\" height=\"391\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\"><figcaption>\u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"post-power-on-self-test-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"post_%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a2%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c_%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4%d9%86\"><\/span>POST (\u062e\u0648\u062f\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f process \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 POST \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u06cc\u0627 UEFI \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647\u060c POST \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"stages-and-functions-of-post\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%d9%84_%d9%88_%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9_post\"><\/span>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 POST<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"initialization\">\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647<\/h4>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 (BIOS \u06cc\u0627 UEFI) \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f CPU\u060c RAM\u060c \u0686\u06cc\u067e \u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"power-on-self-test-post-\">\u062e\u0648\u062f\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 (POST)<\/h4>\n<p>\u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 POST \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>CPU\u060c RAM (\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647)\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc (\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u060c SSD)\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u06cc (\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0648\u0633) \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>CPU \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>RAM \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0635\u062d\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0647\u0631 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 POST process \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0642 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"error-handling\">\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0627<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0646 POST \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u0642 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc (\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u0642) \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 POST \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.  \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"completion-and-handover\">\u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u06cc\u0644<\/h4>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc POST \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"understanding-bios-uefi\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a2%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c_%d8%a8%d8%a7_biosuefi\"><\/span>\u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 BIOS\/UEFI<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>BIOS \u0648 UEFI \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u06cc\u0628 \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f process \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"bios\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"bios\"><\/span>BIOS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0647\u060c BIOS \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f  \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0622\u067e \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0636 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 (POST) \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc &#8211; \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 RAM\u060c CPU \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc &#8211; \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0632 POST\u060c BIOS \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a BIOS \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc (CD\/DVD)\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc USB \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u060c BIOS \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a (MBR) \u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 GUID (GPT) \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u062f. \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc  \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.  \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f GRUB \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"uefi-unified-extensible-firmware-interface-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"uefi_%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7_%db%8c%da%a9%d9%be%d8%a7%d8%b1%da%86%d9%87_%d8%b3%d9%81%d8%aa%e2%80%8c%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87%e2%80%8c%d9%be%d8%b0%db%8c%d8%b1\"><\/span>UEFI (\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0633\u0641\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>UEFI \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc BIOS \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>UEFI \u0633\u0641\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u060c UEFI \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u0645\u0627 UEFI \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>UEFI \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc BIOS \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f GPT \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a EFI \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>UEFI Secure Boot \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. process.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"differences-between-bios-and-uefi\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%aa_%d8%a8%db%8c%d9%86_bios_%d9%88_uefi\"><\/span>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 BIOS \u0648 UEFI<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>BIOS \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634 Master Boot Record (MBR) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 UEFI \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634 GUID Partition Table (GPT) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>UEFI \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u200c\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>UEFI \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0635\u062d\u062a \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631 \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"mbr-master-boot-record-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"mbr_master_boot_record\"><\/span>MBR (Master Boot Record)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Master Boot Record (MBR) \u0646\u0642\u0634\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 BIOS \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. process.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"structure-of-mbr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1_mbr\"><\/span>\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 MBR<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>MBR \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f (\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b 512 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 SSD).  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c LBA (\u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc) 0 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a (MBR) \u0627\u06af\u0631 512 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.  \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<figure class=\"kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image--1--1.png\" class=\"kg-image\" alt=\"\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631--1--1\" width=\"376\" height=\"636\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\"><figcaption>\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 MBR: \u0627\u0645\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u067e<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631 446 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 64 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 MBR\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 2 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f FAT\u060c NTFS\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc).<\/li>\n<li>\u067e\u0631\u0686\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\/\u0628\u0648\u062a\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 id=\"function-of-mbr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%af_mbr\"><\/span>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f MBR<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc MBR \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\/\u0628\u0648\u062a\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0686\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631 (\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c GRUB) \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u064b \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f process.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"limitations-of-mbr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%88%d8%af%db%8c%d8%aa_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_mbr\"><\/span>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc MBR<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>MBR \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9<\/p>\n<p>MBR \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062f\u0647\u06cc 32 \u0628\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 2 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062a (TB) \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a MBR \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"gpt-guid-partition-table-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"gpt_%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84_%d9%be%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%b4%d9%86_guid\"><\/span>GPT (\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 GUID)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 GUID (GPT) \u06cc\u06a9 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 UEFI \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 UEFI\u060c \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc Master Boot Record (MBR) \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"structure-of-gpt\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1_gpt\"><\/span>\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 GPT<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>GPT \u06cc\u06a9 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc  \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 MBR \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c GPT \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 GPT \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 GUID (\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc) \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 128 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 (\u0647\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f). \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645).<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc GPT \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 MBR \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc GPT \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u0646\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 MBR \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc GPT \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>GPT \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f backup \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0637\u0631\u062d \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646<\/p>\n<figure class=\"kg-card kg-image-card kg-width-wide kg-card-hascaption\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-33.png\" class=\"kg-image\" alt=\"\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631-33\" width=\"240\" height=\"330\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\"><figcaption>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 GUID<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3 id=\"function-of-gpt\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%af_gpt\"><\/span>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f GPT<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>UEFI \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 UEFI (ESP) \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d GPT \u0627\u0633\u062a.  ESP \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f process.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 UEFI \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 GPT \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631 UEFI \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631 ESP \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 UEFI GPT \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u062f\u0631 GPT \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631 UEFI \u0627\u0632 ESP \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>GPT \u0648 UEFI \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f Secure Boot \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  Secure Boot \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a GPT \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. process.<\/p>\n<p>GPT \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 2 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc MBR \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"grub-grand-unified-boot-loader-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"grub_%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa_%d9%84%d9%88%d8%af%d8%b1_%d8%a8%d8%b2%d8%b1%da%af_%db%8c%da%a9%d9%be%d8%a7%d8%b1%da%86%d9%87\"><\/span>GRUB (\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>GRUB \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 Grand Unified Boot Loader \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a process \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 <\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f process.  GRUB \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc GRUB \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 RAM \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 (initrd\/initramfs) \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. process.<\/p>\n<p>GRUB \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc (<code>grub.cfg<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 <code>menu.lst<\/code>) \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u060c GRUB \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 Master Boot Record (MBR) \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 EFI (\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 UEFI \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f) \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 GRUB \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0622\u067e \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"initrd-initial-ram-disk-image\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b1_initrd_%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b3%da%a9_ram_%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84%db%8c%d9%87\"><\/span>\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 Initrd (\u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 RAM \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647).<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 RAM \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 (initrd) \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 (initramfs) \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. process \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc initrd \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. root \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. root \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0622\u067e\u060c \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f GRUB) \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 initrd \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 initrd \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. root \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0647<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 initrd \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u060c \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 initrd \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f (\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc root \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631 initrd \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u067e\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u067e\u0633 initrd \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. root \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 (\u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647).<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u060c initrd \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0632 initramfs (\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0631) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  Initramfs \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u0648 cpio \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 RAM \u0641\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"kernel\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%87%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%87\"><\/span>\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 initrd \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.  \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f root \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f process. <\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 initrd \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f root \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 (\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c ext4\u060c XFS) \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"rootfs\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"rootfs\"><\/span>RootFS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647 (rootfs) \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a process \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a. <\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc process\u060c root \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 root \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f process\u060c \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f root \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f GRUB \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. root \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u062c\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 root \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f ext4\u060c XFS \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647.  \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 (\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a RAID \u06cc\u0627 LVM)\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 RAM \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 (initramfs) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  initramfs \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f root \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644  \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f root \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 root \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>\/bin<\/code>\u060c <code>\/etc<\/code>\u060c <code>\/sbin<\/code>\u060c \u0648 <code>\/lib<\/code>.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 root \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 SSD.  \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 root \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644  \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"init-process\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%86%d8%af_%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b9\"><\/span>\u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 process\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a process \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633.  \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 init \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f process.  \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 command-line \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f process \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0632 init \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f process \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 systemd \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc init \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f RHEL\u060c systemd \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u062e\u0634\u062f.  systemd \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>\/etc\/systemd\/system<\/code> \u0648 <code>\/usr\/lib\/systemd\/system<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 process\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0632 init \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 systemd\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"system-daemons\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%db%8c%d9%85%d9%88%d9%86_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%85\"><\/span>\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0633 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f process \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL).  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0633 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0633 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a process \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u062f\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062a process\u060c init \u06cc\u0627 systemd process \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 (\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f init \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc) \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f systemd \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 init \u06cc\u0627 systemd \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f process \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645  \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 process \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647:<\/strong> \u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0637\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f <code>sshd<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647\u060c <code>httpd<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628 \u0648 <code>dhcpd<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627 host \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0645:<\/strong> <code>rsyslogd<\/code>  \u06cc\u0627 <code>syslog-ng<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0627\u06af \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0647\u0645\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646:<\/strong> <code>ntpd<\/code>  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 (NTP).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0686\u0627\u067e:<\/strong> <code>cupsd<\/code>  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0633.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631:<\/strong> <code>udev<\/code>  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0648 <code>acpid<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>init \u06cc\u0627 systemd process \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0637\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 systemd \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u062d \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"wrapping-up\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a8%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%87_%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c\"><\/span><strong><strong><strong>\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 process \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0631 RHEL \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646.  \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u063a\u0648\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Kedar__98\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u062a\u0631<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 1403-02-02 23:28:17<br \/>\n<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;16745&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 (0 \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;30&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u2013 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0646 RHEL \u0686\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} ({count} \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 13<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u0686\u06a9\u0645\u0647 process \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 (OS) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647. \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f process \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641. \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":16746,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[207,95],"tags":[1856,3279,1869,3604,3605,1855,4739,1961,1859,171,3323,2367,467,1790,1870,1983],"class_list":["post-16745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-infra","category-linux","tag-linux-vps","tag-rhel","tag----linux","tag-3604","tag-3605","tag-1855","tag-4739","tag-1961","tag---nodejs","tag-171","tag-3323","tag-2367","tag-467","tag-1790","tag--linux","tag-1983"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16745","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16745"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16745\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16745"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16745"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}