{"id":17922,"date":"2024-09-24T18:46:14","date_gmt":"2024-09-24T15:16:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%da%86%da%af%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d9%88%d9%82%d9%81%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-bios-%db%8c%da%a9-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b4%d9%87-%d8%ad%d8%a7\/"},"modified":"2024-09-24T18:46:14","modified_gmt":"2024-09-24T15:16:14","slug":"%da%86%da%af%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d9%88%d9%82%d9%81%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-bios-%db%8c%da%a9-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b4%d9%87-%d8%ad%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%da%86%da%af%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d9%88%d9%82%d9%81%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-bios-%db%8c%da%a9-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b4%d9%87-%d8%ad%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc BIOS \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%da%86%da%af%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d9%88%d9%82%d9%81%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-bios-%db%8c%da%a9-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b4%d9%87-%d8%ad%d8%a7\/#%d9%85%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c_%d9%85%d9%be_%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%9f\" >\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u067e \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%da%86%da%af%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d9%88%d9%82%d9%81%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-bios-%db%8c%da%a9-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b4%d9%87-%d8%ad%d8%a7\/#%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4_%d9%86%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%b2%d9%87%d8%a7\" >\u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%da%86%da%af%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d9%88%d9%82%d9%81%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-bios-%db%8c%da%a9-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b4%d9%87-%d8%ad%d8%a7\/#%da%86%d9%86%d8%af_%da%a9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%87_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%af_bios_int_15h\" >\u0686\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f BIOS int 15h<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%da%86%da%af%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d9%88%d9%82%d9%81%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-bios-%db%8c%da%a9-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b4%d9%87-%d8%ad%d8%a7\/#%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c_%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b8%d9%87_%d9%88_%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86%da%a9%d9%87_%da%86%d8%b1%d8%a7_%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d8%a2%d9%86_%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a8_%da%a9%d9%86%db%8c%d8%af\" >\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%da%86%da%af%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d9%88%d9%82%d9%81%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-bios-%db%8c%da%a9-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b4%d9%87-%d8%ad%d8%a7\/#%da%a9%d8%af\" >\u06a9\u062f<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%da%86%da%af%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d9%88%d9%82%d9%81%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-bios-%db%8c%da%a9-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b4%d9%87-%d8%ad%d8%a7\/#%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%87_1_%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c_call_int_15h_%d8%a2%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d8%b4%d9%88%db%8c%d8%af\" >\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 1: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Call int 15h \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%da%86%da%af%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d9%88%d9%82%d9%81%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-bios-%db%8c%da%a9-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b4%d9%87-%d8%ad%d8%a7\/#%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%87_2_%d8%a8%d8%a7_int15h_%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b3_%d8%a8%da%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%af\" >\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 2: \u0628\u0627 int15h \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%da%86%da%af%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d9%88%d9%82%d9%81%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-bios-%db%8c%da%a9-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b4%d9%87-%d8%ad%d8%a7\/#%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%87_3_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d8%b7%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%82_%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%af%db%8c_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b8%d9%87_%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%82%d9%87_%d8%a8%d8%b2%d9%86%db%8c%d8%af\" >\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 3: \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%da%86%da%af%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d9%88%d9%82%d9%81%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-bios-%db%8c%da%a9-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b4%d9%87-%d8%ad%d8%a7\/#%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%87_4_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%86_%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa_%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%af%db%8c_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b8%d9%87\" >\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 4: \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%da%86%da%af%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d9%88%d9%82%d9%81%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-bios-%db%8c%da%a9-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b4%d9%87-%d8%ad%d8%a7\/#%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%86\" >\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 7<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<section class=\"post-content \" data-test-label=\"post-content\">\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u06a9\u062c\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"heading-what-is-a-memory-map\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c_%d9%85%d9%be_%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%9f\"><\/span>\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u067e \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a (\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f) \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647\u060c \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0632\u0631\u0648 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0646\u0648\u0639 3 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a (ACPI 3.x) \u0631\u0632\u0631\u0648 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 3 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06cc \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u0648 \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 15 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647. \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0648\u0634 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631\/\u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"heading-prerequisites\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4_%d9%86%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%b2%d9%87%d8%a7\"><\/span>\u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0644\u06cc<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0645\u0627<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0632 QEMU \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0631 FASM \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Git \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646 (https:\/\/github.com\/nikolaospanagopoulos\/memoryMapBoot)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"heading-a-few-words-about-bios-int-15h\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%da%86%d9%86%d8%af_%da%a9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%87_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%af_bios_int_15h\"><\/span>\u0686\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f BIOS int 15h<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a Real\u060c BIOS \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 int15h \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f E820h \u0627\u0633\u062a (\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0647\u06af\u0632\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0644! \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f). \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u0635 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0648\u0634 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"heading-memory-probing-and-why-you-should-avoid-it\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c_%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b8%d9%87_%d9%88_%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86%da%a9%d9%87_%da%86%d8%b1%d8%a7_%d8%a8%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%af_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d8%a2%d9%86_%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a8_%da%a9%d9%86%db%8c%d8%af\"><\/span>\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u0648\u0634 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a process \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0647. \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645:<\/strong> \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647:<\/strong> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0631\u0632\u0631\u0648 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u06cc \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a process.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"heading-the-code\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%da%a9%d8%af\"><\/span>\u06a9\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"heading-step-1-prepare-to-call-int-15h\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%87_1_%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c_call_int_15h_%d8%a2%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d8%b4%d9%88%db%8c%d8%af\"><\/span>\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 1: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Call int 15h \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc int 15h \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0631\u062c\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u06af\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0631\u062c\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627 <code>bp<\/code>\u060c <code>ebx<\/code> \u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 &#8220;SMAP&#8221; \u062f\u0631 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>edx<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc <code>0xe820<\/code> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-plaintext\">pusha\nmov di, 0x0504        ; Set DI register for memory storage\nxor ebx, ebx          ; EBX must be 0\nxor bp, bp            ; BP must be 0 (to keep an entry count)\nmov edx, 0x534D4150   ; Place \"SMAP\" into edx | The \"SMAP\" signature ensures that the BIOS provides the correct memory map format\nmov eax, 0xe820       ; Function 0xE820 to get memory map\nmov dword [es:di + 20], 1 ; force a valid ACPI 3.X entry | allows us to get additional information (extended attributes)\nmov ecx, 24           ; Request 24 bytes of data\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>pusha<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u062c\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>mov di, 0x0504<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0631\u062c\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0631 di \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc 0\u00d70504 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f (\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>xor ebx, ebx<\/code>  \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 xor \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06af\u0631 xor \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0631 ebx \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc 0 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>xor bp, bp<\/code>  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06af\u0631 xor \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 bp \u0631\u0648\u06cc 0 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>mov edx, 0x534D4150<\/code>  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f <code>0x534D4150<\/code> (\u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 ASCII &#8220;SMAP&#8221;) \u062f\u0631 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a edx. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 BIOS \u0641\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>mov eax, 0xe820<\/code>  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 0xe280 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 int15h \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>mov dword [es:di + 20], 1<\/code>  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 ACPI (\u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a) 3.x \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 BIOS \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>mov ecx, 24<\/code>  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0633 24 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc ACPI 3.x \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"heading-step-2-call-int15h\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%87_2_%d8%a8%d8%a7_int15h_%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b3_%d8%a8%da%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%af\"><\/span>\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 2: \u0628\u0627 int15h \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0634\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 BIOS \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0634\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f &#8220;SMAP&#8221; \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>edx<\/code> \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-plaintext\">    int 0x15                 ; using interrupt\n    jc short .failed         ; carry set \u0631\u0648\u06cc first call means \"unsupported function\"\n    mov edx, 0x534D4150      ; Some BIOSes apparently trash this register? lets set it again\n    cmp eax, edx             ; \u0631\u0648\u06cc success, eax must have been reset to \"SMAP\"\n    jne short .failed\n    test ebx, ebx            ; ebx = 0 implies list is only 1 entry long (worthless)\n    je short .failed\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><code>int 0x15<\/code>  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 0\u00d715 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>jc short .failed<\/code>  \u067e\u0631\u0686\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>mov edx, 0x534D4150<\/code>  \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 &#8220;SMAP&#8221; \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 BIOS \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>cmp eax, edx<\/code>  \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a\u060c BIOS \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 &#8220;SMAP&#8221; \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 eax \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>jne short .failed<\/code>  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0686\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>test ebx, ebx<\/code>  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 ebx \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 0 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0686\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"heading-step-3-loop-through-memory-entries\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%87_3_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d8%b7%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%82_%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%af%db%8c_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b8%d9%87_%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%82%d9%87_%d8%a8%d8%b2%d9%86%db%8c%d8%af\"><\/span>\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 3: \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0646\u06cc\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 int 15h \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f process.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-plaintext\">    jmp short .jmpin\n.e820lp:\n    mov eax, 0xe820          ; eax, ecx get trashed \u0631\u0648\u06cc every int 0x15 call\n    mov dword [es:di + 20], 1 ; force a valid ACPI 3.X entry\n    mov ecx, 24              ; ask for 24 bytes again\n    int 0x15\n    jc short .e820f          ; carry set means \"end of list already reached\"\n    mov edx, 0x534D4150      ; repair potentially trashed register\n.jmpin:\n    jcxz .skipent            ; skip any 0 length entries (If ecx is zero, skip this entry (indicates an invalid entry length))\n    cmp cl, 20               ; got a 24 byte ACPI 3.X response?\n    jbe short .notext\n    test byte [es:di + 20], 1 ;if bit 0 is clear, the entry should be ignored\n    je short .skipent         ; jump if bit 0 is clear \n.notext:\n    mov eax, [es:di + 8]     ; get lower uint32_t of memory region length\n    or eax, [es:di + 12]     ; \"or\" it with upper uint32_t to test for zero and form 64 bits (little endian)\n    jz .skipent              ; if length uint64_t is 0, skip entry\n    inc bp                   ; got a good entry: ++count, move to next storage spot\n    add di, 24               ; move next entry into buffer\n.skipent:\n    test ebx, ebx            ; if ebx resets to 0, list is complete\n    jne short .e820lp\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><code>.e820lp<\/code>  \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0686\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0632\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc int15h \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><code>jc short .e820f<\/code>  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0686\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>jcxz .skipent<\/code>  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a ecx 0 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>cmp cl, 20<\/code>  \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 ACPI 3.x \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631. (\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0646 24 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f). \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f <code>.notext<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>test byte [es:di + 20], 1<\/code>  \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u062a 0 \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>mov eax, [es:di + 8]<\/code>  32 \u0628\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627 32 \u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0644 0 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>inc bp<\/code>  \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>add di, 24<\/code>  \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631 di \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc 24 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"heading-step-4-end-of-memory-entries-handling\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%87_4_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%86_%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa_%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%af%db%8c_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b8%d9%87\"><\/span>\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 4: \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>popa<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u062c\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 process\u060c \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f <code>.failed<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0686\u0633\u0628 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-plaintext\">.e820f:\n    mov [mmap_ent], bp       ; store the entry count\n    clc                      ; there is \"jc\" \u0631\u0648\u06cc end of list to this point, so the carry must be cleared\n\n    popa\n    ret\n.failed:\n    stc                      ; \"function unsupported\" error exit\n    ret\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><code>mov [mmap_ent], bp<\/code>  \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>clc<\/code>  \u067e\u0631\u0686\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>popa<\/code>  \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u062c\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>.failed<\/code>  \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0686\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 YouTube \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0645:<\/p>\n<div class=\"embed-wrapper\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch\u061fv=WW3pduHMWkc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch\u061fv=WW3pduHMWkc<\/a><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"heading-epilogue\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%86\"><\/span>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u062f \u0648 \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0637 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f!<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p><br \/>\n<br \/>\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 1403-09-24 18:46:09<br \/>\n<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;17922&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 (0 \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;30&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc BIOS \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} ({count} \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 7<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u06a9\u062c\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":17924,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[207,95],"tags":[5461,798,1857,1291,1776,1786,1779,1822,2370,1802,1774,1859,284,1806,3876,1870,1854,1785,5462,1813],"class_list":{"0":"post-17922","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-infra","8":"category-linux","9":"tag-5461","10":"tag-bios","11":"tag-linux-hosting","12":"tag--linux","13":"tag-1776","14":"tag-1786","15":"tag-1779","16":"tag-1822","17":"tag-2370","18":"tag-1802","19":"tag-1774","20":"tag---nodejs","21":"tag-284","22":"tag-1806","23":"tag-3876","25":"tag-1854","26":"tag-1785","27":"tag-5462","28":"tag-1813"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17922","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17922"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17922\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17924"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17922"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17922"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17922"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}