{"id":18792,"date":"2025-02-06T20:43:19","date_gmt":"2025-02-06T17:13:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%be%d9%84%db%8c-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%9f-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6\/"},"modified":"2025-02-06T20:43:19","modified_gmt":"2025-02-06T17:13:19","slug":"%d9%be%d9%84%db%8c-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%9f-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%be%d9%84%db%8c-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%9f-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6\/","title":{"rendered":"\u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%be%d9%84%db%8c-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%9f-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6\/#%d9%be%d9%84%db%8c_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c%d8%b3%d9%85_%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%9f\" >\u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%be%d9%84%db%8c-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%9f-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6\/#%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84_%d8%8c_%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8c_%d8%a8%d8%af%d9%88%d9%86_%d9%be%d9%84%db%8c_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c%d8%b3%d9%85\" >\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0645:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%be%d9%84%db%8c-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%9f-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6\/#%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c_%d9%be%d9%84%db%8c_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c%d8%b3%d9%85_%e2%80%a6\" >\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc: \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0645 &#8230;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%be%d9%84%db%8c-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%9f-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6\/#%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%86\" >\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d9%be%d9%84%db%8c-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%9f-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6\/#%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%af%da%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c_%d8%a8%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%aa%d8%b1\" >\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 5<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<section class=\"post-content \" data-test-label=\"post-content\">\n<p>\u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627 (OOP) \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u060c \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"heading-what-is-polymorphism\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%be%d9%84%db%8c_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c%d8%b3%d9%85_%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%9f\"><\/span>\u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 <em>\u0686\u0646\u062f \u0634\u06a9\u0644<\/em> \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc &#8220;\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u06a9\u0644&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u067e\u0644\u06cc = \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>MORPH = \u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0647\u0627<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u060c \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/strong>\u0628\u0634\u0631<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0632\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645 <strong>\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc<\/strong> \u0648\u062a <strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f<\/strong> \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u060c \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u062f\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f <code>if-else<\/code> \u0686\u06a9 \u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0648 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc MVC \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f Django \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c Django \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f SQLite \u060c MySQL \u0648 PostgreSQL \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u060c \u0647\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 Django \u06cc\u06a9 API \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u060c \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 SQLITE \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 PostgreSQL \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0637\u0641 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u06a9\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0645. \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>(BTW \u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u062f \u060c \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0645 YouTube Python \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.)<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"heading-first-an-example-with-no-polymorphism\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84_%d8%8c_%d9%85%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8c_%d8%a8%d8%af%d9%88%d9%86_%d9%be%d9%84%db%8c_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c%d8%b3%d9%85\"><\/span>\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0645:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-python\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Car<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, brand, model, year, number_of_doors<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.brand = brand\n        self.model = model\n        self.year = year\n        self.number_of_doors = number_of_doors\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">start<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        print(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Car is starting.\"<\/span>)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">stop<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        print(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Car is stopping.\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-python\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Motorcycle<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, brand, model, year<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.brand = brand\n        self.model = model\n        self.year = year\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">start_bike<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        print(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Motorcycle is starting.\"<\/span>)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">stop_bike<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        print(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Motorcycle is stopping.\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u060c \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0622\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0647:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-python\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Create list of vehicles to inspect<\/span>\nvehicles = [\n    Car(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Ford\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Focus\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2008<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>),\n    Motorcycle(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Honda\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Scoopy\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2018<\/span>),\n]\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Loop through list of vehicles and inspect them<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> vehicle <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> vehicles:\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> isinstance(vehicle, Car):\n        print(<span class=\"hljs-string\">f\"Inspecting <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{vehicle.brand}<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{vehicle.model}<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-subst\">{type(vehicle).__name__}<\/span>)\"<\/span>)\n        vehicle.start()\n        vehicle.stop()\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">elif<\/span> isinstance(vehicle, Motorcycle):\n        print(<span class=\"hljs-string\">f\"Inspecting <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{vehicle.brand}<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{vehicle.model}<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-subst\">{type(vehicle).__name__}<\/span>)\"<\/span>)\n        vehicle.start_bike()\n        vehicle.stop_bike()\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">else<\/span>:\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise<\/span> Exception(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Object is not a valid vehicle\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u0632\u0634\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>for<\/code> \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647! \u0686\u0648\u0646 <code>vehicles<\/code> \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0686\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u06cc\u0626\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0633\u0631 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0634\u06cc<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0634\u062a \u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0627 <em>\u062a\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647<\/em> \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>Plane<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u060c \u067e\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 <em>\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646<\/em> (\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0646) \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f &#8211; \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0686\u06a9 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>for<\/code> \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0648\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627. <\/p>\n<h3 id=\"heading-introducing-polymorphism\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c_%d9%be%d9%84%db%8c_%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c%d8%b3%d9%85_%e2%80%a6\"><\/span><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc: \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0645 &#8230;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0628\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 (\u06cc\u0627 &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633&#8221;):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-python\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Vehicle<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, brand, model, year<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.brand = brand\n        self.model = model\n        self.year = year\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">start<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        print(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Vehicle is starting.\"<\/span>)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">stop<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        print(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Vehicle is stopping.\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>Car<\/code>  \u0648\u062a <code>Motorcycle<\/code> \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f <em>\u0627\u0631\u062b<\/em> \u0627\u0632 <code>Vehicle<\/code>\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u062f\u06a9 (\u06cc\u0627 &#8220;\u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633&#8221;) \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>Vehicle<\/code> \u0633\u0648\u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-python\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Car<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">Vehicle<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, brand, model, year, number_of_doors<\/span>):<\/span>\n        super().__init__(brand, model, year)\n        self.number_of_doors = number_of_doors\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Below, we \"override\" the start and stop methods, inherited from Vehicle, to provide car-specific behaviour<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">start<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        print(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Car is starting.\"<\/span>)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">stop<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        print(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Car is stopping.\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-python\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Motorcycle<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">Vehicle<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, brand, model, year<\/span>):<\/span>\n        super().__init__(brand, model, year)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Below, we \"override\" the start and stop methods, inherited from Vehicle, to provide bike-specific behaviour<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">start<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        print(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Motorcycle is starting.\"<\/span>)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">stop<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        print(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Motorcycle is stopping.\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p> <code>Car<\/code>  \u0648\u062a <code>Motorcycle<\/code> \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f <code>Vehicle<\/code>\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a <code>Car<\/code> \u0648\u062a <code>Motorcycle<\/code> \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u0646\u062f <code>Vehicle<\/code> \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>start()<\/code> \u0648\u062a <code>stop()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627\u061f \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-python\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Create list of vehicles to inspect<\/span>\nvehicles = [Car(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Ford\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Focus\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2008<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>), Motorcycle(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Honda\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Scoopy\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2018<\/span>)]\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Loop through list of vehicles and inspect them<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> vehicle <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> vehicles:\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> isinstance(vehicle, Vehicle):\n        print(<span class=\"hljs-string\">f\"Inspecting <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{vehicle.brand}<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{vehicle.model}<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-subst\">{type(vehicle).__name__}<\/span>)\"<\/span>)\n        vehicle.start()\n        vehicle.stop()\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">else<\/span>:\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise<\/span> Exception(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Object is not a valid vehicle\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u060c <code>vehicles<\/code>\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 <code>Car<\/code> \u0648\u062a <code>Motorcycle<\/code>\u0628\u0634\u0631<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0647\u0631\u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0631\u0633\u06cc process \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u060c \u0686\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u060c \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>Vehicle<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633. \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 <code>start()<\/code> \u0648\u062a <code>stop()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0647. <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f <em>\u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/em> \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f <code>Vehicle<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u060c \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0647 (&#8220;\u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc&#8221;) \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <em>\u062a\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646<\/em> \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0627 (\u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f) \u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 <em>\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/em> \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-python\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Plane<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">Vehicle<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, brand, model, year, number_of_doors<\/span>):<\/span>\n        super().__init__(brand, model, year)\n        self.number_of_doors = number_of_doors\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">start<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        print(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Plane is starting.\"<\/span>)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">stop<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        print(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Plane is stopping.\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-python\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Create list of vehicles to inspect<\/span>\nvehicles = [\n    Car(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Ford\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Focus\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2008<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>),\n    Motorcycle(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Honda\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Scoopy\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2018<\/span>),\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\">########## ADD A PLANE TO THE LIST: #########<\/span>\n\n    Plane(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Boeing\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"747\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2015<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">16<\/span>),\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\">############################################<\/span>\n]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0647\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"heading-conclusion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%86\"><\/span>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u062e\u0634\u062f \u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d (\u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. <code>if<\/code>\/<code>else if<\/code> \u0628\u0644\u0648\u06a9) \u06a9\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"heading-further-learning\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%af%da%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c_%d8%a8%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%aa%d8%b1\"><\/span>\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <em>\u062a\u0632\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc<\/em> \u0648 <em>\u0628\u0627\u0632<\/em> \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 OOP \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 Udemy \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Python OOP: \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u060c \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u0622\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0644 \u0648 \u0634\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0632<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Gumroad PDF \ud83d\udcd6<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p><br \/>\n<br \/>\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 1404-02-06 20:43:14<br \/>\n<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;18792&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 (0 \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;30&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} ({count} \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 5<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627 (OOP) \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u060c \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":18793,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1743],"tags":[1917,1925,1919,1916,1918,2098,1745],"class_list":["post-18792","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python","tag--python","tag----django","tag----python","tag-1916","tag-1918","tag-2098","tag-1745"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18792","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18792"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18792\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18793"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18792"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18792"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18792"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}