{"id":19118,"date":"2025-12-27T21:44:11","date_gmt":"2025-12-27T18:14:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1-ls-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%da%a9%d8%aa%d9%88\/"},"modified":"2025-12-27T21:44:11","modified_gmt":"2025-12-27T18:14:11","slug":"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1-ls-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%da%a9%d8%aa%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1-ls-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%da%a9%d8%aa%d9%88\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 Ls \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 (\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1-ls-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%da%a9%d8%aa%d9%88\/#%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4_%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d8%a7%d8%b2_ls_%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86\" >\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 ls \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1-ls-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%da%a9%d8%aa%d9%88\/#%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8_%d9%81%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d8%b7%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c_-l\" >\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc (-l)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1-ls-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%da%a9%d8%aa%d9%88\/#%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4_%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%85%d8%ae%d9%81%db%8c_-a\" >\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0641\u06cc (-a)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1-ls-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%da%a9%d8%aa%d9%88\/#%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%aa%d8%a8_%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c_%d8%ae%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ac%db%8c\" >\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1-ls-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%da%a9%d8%aa%d9%88\/#%d9%81%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%aa_%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%86_%d8%af%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%da%a9%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b9%db%8c_%d8%a8%d9%87_%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%aa_%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%da%af%d8%b4%d8%aa%db%8c_-r\" >\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc (-R)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1-ls-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%da%a9%d8%aa%d9%88\/#%d8%aa%d8%b1%da%a9%db%8c%d8%a8_%da%af%d8%b2%db%8c%d9%86%d9%87_%d9%87%d8%a7\" >\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1-ls-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%da%a9%d8%aa%d9%88\/#%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87_%da%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c\" >\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span><p> <br \/>\n<br \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"markdown\">\n<p><code>ls<\/code>  \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0627 <code>ls<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 GNU \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f <code>ls<\/code> \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"how-to-use-the-ls-command\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4_%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d8%a7%d8%b2_ls_%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86\"><\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>ls<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc <code>ls<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight\">\n<pre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"><code class=\"language-sh\" data-lang=\"sh\"><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"cl\">ls <span class=\"o\">[<\/span>OPTIONS<span class=\"o\">]<\/span> <span class=\"o\">[<\/span>FILES<span class=\"o\">]<\/span>\n<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c <code>ls<\/code> \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u062e\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"terminal\"><code class=\"terminal-line\" prefix=\"$\">ls<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f terminal:<\/p>\n<pre tabindex=\"0\"><code class=\"language-output\" data-lang=\"output\">cache  db  empty  games  lib  local  lock  log  mail  opt  run  spool  tmp\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>ls<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a <code>\/etc<\/code> \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"terminal\"><code class=\"terminal-line\" prefix=\"$\">ls \/etc<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"terminal\"><code class=\"terminal-line\" prefix=\"$\">ls \/etc \/var \/etc\/passwd<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f <code>ls<\/code> \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"terminal\"><code class=\"terminal-line\" prefix=\"$\">ls \/root<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre tabindex=\"0\"><code class=\"language-output\" data-lang=\"output\">ls: cannot open directory '\/root': Permission denied\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0631\u0627 <code>ls<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"long-listing-format--l\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8_%d9%81%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%aa_%d8%b7%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c_-l\"><\/span>\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc (-l) <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0632 <code>ls<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0627 <code>-l<\/code> (\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 L) \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f <code>ls<\/code> \u0628\u0647 print \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"terminal\"><code class=\"terminal-line\" prefix=\"$\">ls -l \/etc\/hosts<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre tabindex=\"0\"><code class=\"language-output\" data-lang=\"output\">-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 337 Oct  4 11:31 \/etc\/hosts\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>-<\/code>\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>-<\/code>  &#8211; \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc<\/li>\n<li><code>b<\/code>  &#8211; \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><code>c<\/code>  &#8211; \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><code>d<\/code>  &#8211; \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc<\/li>\n<li><code>l<\/code>  &#8211; \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0646<\/li>\n<li><code>n<\/code>  &#8211; \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647<\/li>\n<li><code>p<\/code>  &#8211; FIFO<\/li>\n<li><code>s<\/code>  &#8211; \u0633\u0648\u06a9\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 <code>chmod<\/code><br \/>\n\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>r<\/code>  &#8211; \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/li>\n<li><code>w<\/code>  &#8211; \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><code>x<\/code>  &#8211; \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/li>\n<li><code>s<\/code>  &#8211; <code>setgid<\/code> \u0628\u06cc\u062a<\/li>\n<li><code>t<\/code>  &#8211; <code>sticky<\/code> \u0628\u06cc\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u060c <code>rw-r--r--<\/code> \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u062f \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 <code>1<\/code> \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 <code>root root<\/code>\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 (<code>337<\/code>\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062a. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>-h<\/code> \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f print \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>chown<\/code><br \/>\n\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<p><code>Oct 4 11:31<\/code>  \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"show-hidden-files--a\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4_%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%85%d8%ae%d9%81%db%8c_-a\"><\/span>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0641\u06cc (-a) <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u060c <code>ls<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0641\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u0648\u062f (<code>.<\/code>).<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0641\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0632 <code>-a<\/code> \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"terminal\"><code class=\"terminal-line\" prefix=\"$\">ls -la ~\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre tabindex=\"0\"><code class=\"language-output\" data-lang=\"output\">drwxr-x--- 10 rasanegar  rasanegar  4096 Feb 12 16:28 .\ndrwxr-xr-x 18 rasanegar  rasanegar  4096 Dec 26 09:21 ..\n-rw-------  1 rasanegar  rasanegar  1630 Nov 18  2017 .bash_history\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 rasanegar  rasanegar  4096 Jul 20  2018  bin\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 rasanegar  rasanegar  4096 Jul 20  2018  Desktop\ndrwxr-xr-x  4 rasanegar  rasanegar  4096 Dec 12  2017 .npm\ndrwx------  2 rasanegar  rasanegar  4096 Mar  4  2018 .ssh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"terminal\"><code class=\"terminal-line\" prefix=\"$\">ls -lat ~\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"sorting-the-output\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%aa%d8%a8_%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c_%d8%ae%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ac%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u060c <code>ls<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0627 <code>--sort<\/code> \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0633\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u060c \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>--sort=extension<\/code>  (\u06cc\u0627 <code>-X<\/code> ) &#8211; \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0633\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><code>--sort=size<\/code>  (\u06cc\u0627 <code>-S<\/code>) &#8211; \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><code>--sort=time<\/code>  ( \u06cc\u0627 <code>-t<\/code>) &#8211; \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d.<\/li>\n<li><code>--sort=version<\/code>  (\u06cc\u0627 <code>-v<\/code>) &#8211; \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u06a9\u0648\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>-r<\/code> \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 <code>\/var<\/code> \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06a9\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"terminal\"><code class=\"terminal-line\" prefix=\"$\">ls -ltr \/var<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0634\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 <code>ls<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0632 <code>du<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"terminal\"><code class=\"terminal-line\" prefix=\"$\">ls -lt \/etc\/*.conf | head<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"list-subdirectories-recursively--r\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%81%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%aa_%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%86_%d8%af%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%da%a9%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b9%db%8c_%d8%a8%d9%87_%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%aa_%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%da%af%d8%b4%d8%aa%db%8c_-r\"><\/span>\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc (-R) <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0631\u0627 <code>-R<\/code> \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f <code>ls<\/code> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"terminal\"><code class=\"terminal-line\" prefix=\"$\">ls -R<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0641\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"terminal\"><code class=\"terminal-line\" prefix=\"$\">ls -lRa ~\/Projects<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"combining-options\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%aa%d8%b1%da%a9%db%8c%d8%a8_%da%af%d8%b2%db%8c%d9%86%d9%87_%d9%87%d8%a7\"><\/span>\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627 <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f (\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646):<\/p>\n<pre class=\"terminal\"><code class=\"terminal-line\" prefix=\"$\">ls -latr<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"terminal\"><code class=\"terminal-line\" prefix=\"$\">ls -lahS<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"terminal\"><code class=\"terminal-line\" prefix=\"$\">ls -lR \/var\/log<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"terminal\"><code class=\"terminal-line\" prefix=\"$\">ls -l *.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87_%da%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0631\u0627 <code>ls<\/code> \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f <code>ls<\/code>\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/manual\/html_node\/ls-invocation.html#ls-invocation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GNU  \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 page<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>man ls<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 terminal.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u061f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f<\/p>\n<div class=\"flex flex-wrap my-8\">ls<br \/>\nterminal<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc GPT \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f <br \/>\n\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0632\u06cc\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631: 1404-12-27 21:44:07<br \/>\n<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;19118&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 (0 \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;30&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 Ls \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 (\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627)&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} ({count} \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span>ls \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0631\u0627 ls \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 GNU \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":19119,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[202,95],"tags":[369,6235,2550,2537,171,1870],"class_list":["post-19118","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-os","category-linux","tag-linux","tag-ls","tag-terminal","tag--linux","tag-171"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19118","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19118"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19118\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19119"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19118"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19118"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19118"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}