{"id":2443,"date":"2019-03-03T16:22:34","date_gmt":"2019-03-03T12:52:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/?p=2443"},"modified":"2019-05-31T17:08:27","modified_gmt":"2019-05-31T12:38:27","slug":"linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 A\u062a\u0627Z \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u060c135 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u060c \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_adduseraddgroup\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 adduser\/addgroup<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#agetty_%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1\" >agetty \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_alias\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 alias<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_anacron\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 anacron<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_apropos\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 apropos<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_apt\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 apt<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_apt-get\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 apt-get<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_aptitude\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 aptitude<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_arch\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 arch<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_arp\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 arp<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_at\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 at<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_atq\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 atq<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_atrm\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 atrm<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_awk\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 awk<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_batch\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 batch<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_basename\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 basename<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_bc\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 bc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_bg\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 bg<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#bzip2_%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1\" >bzip2 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_cal\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 cal<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_cat\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 cat<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_chgrp\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 chgrp<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_chmod\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 chmod<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_chown\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 chown<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_cksum\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 cksum<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_clear\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 clear<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_cmp\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 cmp<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_comm\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 comm<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_cp\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 cp<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_date\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 date<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_dd\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 dd<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_df\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 df<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_diff\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 diff<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_dir\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 dir<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_dmidecode\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 dmidecode<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_du\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 du<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_echo\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 echo<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_eject\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 eject<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#env_command\" >env Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#exit_command\" >exit Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#expr_command\" >expr Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#factor_command\" >factor Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#find_command\" >find Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#free_command\" >free Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#grep_command\" >grep Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#groups_command\" >groups Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#gzip_command\" >gzip Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#gunzip_command\" >gunzip Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#head_command\" >head Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#history_command\" >history Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#hostname_command\" >hostname Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#hostnamectl_command\" >hostnamectl Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#hwclock\" >hwclock<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#hwinfo_command\" >hwinfo Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#id_command\" >id Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#ifconfig_command\" >ifconfig Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#ionice_command\" >ionice Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#iostat_command\" >iostat Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#ip_command\" >ip Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#iptables_command\" >iptables Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#iw_command\" >iw Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#iwlist_command\" >iwlist Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#kill_command\" >kill Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#killall_command\" >killall Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#kmod_command\" >kmod Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#last_command\" >last Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-67\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#ln_command\" >ln Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-68\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#locate_command\" >locate Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-69\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#login_command\" >login Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-70\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#ls_command\" >ls Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-71\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#lshw_command\" >lshw Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-72\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#lscpu_command\" >lscpu Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-73\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#lsof_command\" >lsof Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-74\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#lsusb_command\" >lsusb Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-75\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#man_command\" >man Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-76\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#md5sum_command\" >md5sum Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-77\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#mkdir_command\" >mkdir Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-78\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#more_command\" >more Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-79\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#mv_command\" >mv Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-80\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#nano_command\" >nano Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-81\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#ncnetcat_command\" >nc\/netcat Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-82\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#netstat_command\" >netstat Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-83\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#nice_command\" >nice Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-84\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#nmap_command\" >nmap Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-85\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#nproc_command\" >nproc Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-86\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#openssl_command\" >openssl Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-87\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#passwd_command\" >passwd Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-88\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#pidof_command\" >pidof Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-89\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#ping_command\" >ping Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-90\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#ps_command\" >ps Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-91\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#pstree_command\" >pstree Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-92\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#pwd_command\" >pwd Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-93\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#rdiff-backup_command\" >rdiff-backup Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-94\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#reboot_command\" >reboot Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-95\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#rename_command\" >rename Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-96\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#rm_command\" >rm command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-97\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#rmdir_command\" >rmdir Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-98\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#scp_command\" >scp Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-99\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#shutdown_command\" >shutdown Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-100\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#sleep_command\" >sleep Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-101\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#sort_command\" >sort Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-102\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#split_command\" >split Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-103\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#ssh_command\" >ssh Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-104\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#stat_command\" >stat Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-105\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#su_command\" >su Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-106\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#sudo_command\" >sudo Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-107\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#sum_command\" >sum Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-108\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#tac_command\" >tac Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-109\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#tail_command\" >tail Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-110\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#talk_command\" >talk Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-111\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#tar_command\" >tar Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-112\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#tee_command\" >tee Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-113\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#time_command\" >time Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-114\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#top_command\" >top Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-115\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#touch_command\" >touch Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-116\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#tr_command\" >tr Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-117\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#uname_command\" >uname Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-118\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#uniq_command\" >uniq Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-119\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#uptime_command\" >uptime Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-120\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#users_command\" >users Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-121\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#vimvi_command\" >vim\/vi Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-122\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#w_command\" >w Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-123\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#wall_command\" >wall Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-124\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#watch_command\" >watch Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-125\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#wc_command\" >wc Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-126\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#wget_command\" >wget Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-127\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#whatis_command\" >whatis Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-128\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#which_command\" >which Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-129\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#who_command\" >who Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-130\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#whereis_command\" >whereis Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-131\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#xargs_command\" >xargs Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-132\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#yes_command\" >yes Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-133\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#youtube-dl_command\" >youtube-dl Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-134\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#zcmpzdiff_command\" >zcmp\/zdiff Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-135\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#zip_command\" >zip Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-136\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-a-to-z\/#%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_zz\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 zz<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 20<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span><p>\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0635\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0645 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 <a title=\"\u0628\u0644\u0627\u06af \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\" href=\"\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u0628\u0644\u0627\u06af \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631<\/a> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u06af \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0645 !<br \/>\n\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u067e\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0622\u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u0628\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645<br \/>\n\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/disk-speed-test-read-write-hdd-ssd-nvme-perfomance-linux\/\">\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/a> \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u060c<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u00a0 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<div class=\"bs-shortcode-alert alert alert-success\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 man \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 &#8211;help \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/div>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627:<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" class=\"\">$ man <strong><em>command-name<\/em><\/strong>\r\n$ man screen\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"adduser\/addgroup\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_adduseraddgroup\"><\/span><a id=\"adduser\"><\/a>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 adduser\/addgroup<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \/etc\/adduser.conf \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/p>\n<div class=\"bs-shortcode-alert alert alert-info\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 root \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 <a title=\"\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0648 \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 SUDO \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/linux-commands-for-beginners-sudo\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">SUDO <\/a>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 root \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062f ( \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648 ) sudo \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ sudo adduser rasanegar\r\n<\/pre>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/add-users-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">15 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc adduser \u062f\u0631\u00a0 Linux\u00a0 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"agetty\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"agetty_%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1\"><\/span><a id=\"agetty\"><\/a>agetty \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>agetty \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 init \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0636 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a tty \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200e\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 user login \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \/bin\/login \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u060c agetty \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0632 getty \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ agetty -L 9600 ttyS1 vt100\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"alias\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_alias\"><\/span><a id=\"alias\"><\/a>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 alias<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc shell \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f alias ( \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 Shoutcut ) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u00a0 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u00a0 shell\/linux + \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0622\u067e\u0634\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ alias home='cd \/home\/rasanegar\/public_html'\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645 home \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc cd \/home\/rasanegar\/public_html&#8217;\u00a0 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0641 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0634\u0645\u0627 home \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200e\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"anacron\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_anacron\"><\/span><a id=\"anacron\"><\/a>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 anacron<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>anacron \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647\u00a0 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc (facility) \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u060c \u0647\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0634 cron \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0636 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200e\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 anacron \u0648 cron \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0633\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/cron-vs-anacron-schedule-jobs-using-anacron-on-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Cron Vs Anacron: How to Schedule Jobs Using Anacron on Linux<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"apropos\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_apropos\"><\/span><a id=\"apropos\"><\/a>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 apropos<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 man \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ apropos adduser\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"apt\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_apt\"><\/span><a id=\"apt\"><\/a>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 apt<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 apt \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0635\u0628\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\/\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ sudo apt update\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/apt-advanced-package-command-examples-in-ubuntu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">15 Useful Examples on APT Command<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"apt-get\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_apt-get\"><\/span><a id=\"apt-get\"><\/a>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 apt-get<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>apt-get \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0635\u0628\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648 \u0648 \u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0635\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u060c \u0647\u0645\u062c\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc ( \u0622\u067e\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u062f ) \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648 \u0648 \u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 ( \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0644 \u0648 \u067e\u06a9\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc ) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ sudo apt-get update\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/useful-basic-commands-of-apt-get-and-apt-cache-for-package-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">25 Useful Commands of APT-GET for Package Management<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"aptitude\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_aptitude\"><\/span><a id=\"aptitude\"><\/a>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 aptitude<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u06a9\u00a0 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f apt \u0648 apt-get \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u060c \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ sudo aptitude update\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/linux-package-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Learn Debian Package Management with Aptitude Command<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"arch\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_arch\"><\/span><a id=\"arch\"><\/a>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 arch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>arch \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u060c\u00a0 ( \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 uname -m )<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ arch \r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"arp\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_arp\"><\/span><a id=\"arp\"><\/a>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 arp<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>ARP (<strong>Address Resolution Protocol<\/strong>) \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 IP \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc IPv4 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 enp2s0 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ sudo arp-scan --interface=enp2s0 --localnet  \r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"at\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_at\"><\/span><a id=\"at\"><\/a>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 at<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 at \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 cron , anacron \u0627\u0633\u062a \u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 ( \u062a\u0633\u06a9 ) \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0641\u06cc\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a 23:55 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ sudo echo \"shutdown -h now\" | at -m 23:55\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"atq\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_atq\"><\/span><a id=\"atq\"><\/a>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 atq<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>atq<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 at \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f ( at queue ):<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ atq\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"atrm\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_atrm\"><\/span><a id=\"atrm\"><\/a>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 atrm<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 at \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f ( \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 ID \u0622\u0646 job \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a )<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ atrm 2\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/linux-cron-alternative-at-command-to-schedule-tasks\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">How to Use \u2018at\u2019 Command to Schedule a Task in Linux<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"awk\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_awk\"><\/span><a id=\"awk\"><\/a>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 awk<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/category\/awk-command\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">Awk<\/a> \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ awk '\/\/{print}'\/etc\/hosts\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 awk \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 ( \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 ) \u0628\u0632\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u06af \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"batch\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_batch\"><\/span>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 batch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>batch<\/strong> \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u00a0 <a href=\"#at\" class=\"broken_link\">at \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/a> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a .<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"basename\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_basename\"><\/span><a id=\"basename\"><\/a>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 basename<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 basename \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc(\u0647\u0627\u06cc) \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 bash scripting \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ basename bin\/findhosts.sh\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"bc\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_bc\"><\/span><a id=\"bc\"><\/a>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 bc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>bc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u062e\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ echo 20.05 + 15.00 | bc\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"bg\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_bg\"><\/span><a id=\"bg\"><\/a>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 bg<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>bg <\/strong>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0633 \u0632\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f .<\/p>\n<pre>$ tar -czf home.tar.gz .\r\n$ bg \r\n$ jobs\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/run-linux-command-process-in-background-detach-process\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Start Linux Command in Background and Detach Process in Terminal<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"bzip2\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"bzip2_%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1\"><\/span><a id=\"bzip\"><\/a>bzip2 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>bzip2 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \/ \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ bzip2 -z filename      #Compress\r\n$ bzip2 -d filename.bz2  #Decompress\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/linux-compress-decompress-bz2-files-using-bzip2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">How to Compress and Decompress a .bz2 File in Linux<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"cal\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_cal\"><\/span><a id=\"cal\"><\/a>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 cal<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ cal\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"cat\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_cat\"><\/span><a id=\"cat\"><\/a>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 cat<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 cat \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ cat file.txt\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 cat \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/13-basic-cat-command-examples-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">13 Useful Cat Command Examples on Linux<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"chgrp\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_chgrp\"><\/span>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 chgrp<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ chgrp rasanegar users.txt\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"chmod\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_chmod\"><\/span><a id=\"chmod\"><\/a>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 chmod<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>chmod<\/strong> command is used to change\/update file access permissions like this.<\/p>\n<pre>$ chmod +x sysinfo.sh\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"chown\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_chown\"><\/span>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 chown<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>chown \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\/\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200e\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ chmod -R www-data:www-data \/var\/www\/html\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a chmod , chown \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f :<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/manage-users-and-groups-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Managing Users &amp; Groups, File Permissions &amp; Attributes in Linux<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"cksum\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_cksum\"><\/span>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 cksum<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>cksum \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc CRC \u0648 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f wget , curl \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc CRC \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ cksum README.txt\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"clear\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_clear\"><\/span>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 clear<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 ! \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0644\u0648\u063a ! \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u060c ( \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f )<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ clear\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"cmp\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_cmp\"><\/span>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 cmp<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 cmp \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u062f \u060c<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ cmp file1 file2\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"comm\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_comm\"><\/span>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 comm<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>comm<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ comm file1 file2\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"cp\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_cp\"><\/span>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 cp<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>cp \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200e\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f <\/strong>.<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ cp \/home\/tecmint\/file1 \/home\/tecmint\/Personal\/\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062b\u06cc \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f .<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/copy-file-to-multiple-directories-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">How to Copy a File to Multiple Directories in Linux<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/advanced-copy-command-shows-progress-bar-while-copying-files\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">Advanced Copy Command \u2013 Shows Progress Bar While Copying Large Files\/Folders in Linux<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/progress-monitor-check-progress-of-linux-commands\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Progress \u2013 A Tiny Tool to Monitor Progress for (cp, mv, dd, tar, etc.) Commands in Linux<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"date\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_date\"><\/span>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 date<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>date<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200e\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ date\r\n$ date --set=\"8 JUN 2017 13:00:00\"\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>To learn more about how to set date in <a href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-kernel-4x-vulnerability-cve-2019-8912\/\">Linux<\/a>, read: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/set-time-timezone-and-synchronize-time-using-timedatectl-command\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">How to Set System Date in Linux<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"dd\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_dd\"><\/span>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 dd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>dd \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u067e\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f header \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0648 USB \u0628\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ dd if=\/home\/rasanegar\/kali-linux-1.0.4-i386.iso of=\/dev\/sdc1 bs=512M; sync\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"df\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_df\"><\/span>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 df<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 filesystem \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0634\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ df -h\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/how-to-check-disk-space-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">12 Useful \u2018df\u2019 Command Examples to Check Disk Space<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"diff\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_diff\"><\/span>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 diff<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u062e\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0637 \u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u060c \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200e\u0634\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ diff file1 file2\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/best-linux-file-diff-tools-comparison\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">8 Best File Comparison and Difference (Diff) Tools for Linux<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"dir\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_dir\"><\/span>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 dir<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 dir \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 ls \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200e\u062f\u0647\u062f<\/p>\n<pre>$ dir\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"dmidecode\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_dmidecode\"><\/span>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 dmidecode <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/how-to-get-hardware-information-with-dmidecode-command-on-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dmidecode command<\/a> is a tool for retrieving hardware information of any Linux system. It dumps a computer\u2019s DMI (a.k.a SMBIOS) table contents in a human-readable format for easy retrieval.<\/p>\n<p>To view your system hardware info, you can type:<\/p>\n<pre>$ sudo dmidecode --type system\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Some useful tools to find out Linux system hardware info: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/commands-to-collect-system-and-hardware-information-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10 Useful Commands to Get Linux Hardware Information<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"du\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_du\"><\/span>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 du<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/check-linux-disk-usage-of-files-and-directories\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">du command<\/a> is used to show disk space usage of files present in a directory as well as its sub-directories as follows.<\/p>\n<pre>$ du \/home\/aaronkilik\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"echo\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_echo\"><\/span>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 echo <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/echo-command-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">echo command<\/a> prints a text of line provided to it.<\/p>\n<pre>$ echo \u201cThis is TecMint - Linux How Tos\u201d\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"eject\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_eject\"><\/span>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 eject <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>eject command<\/strong> is used to eject removable media such as DVD\/CD ROM or floppy disk from the system.<\/p>\n<pre>$ eject \/dev\/cdrom\r\n$ eject \/mnt\/cdrom\/\r\n$ eject \/dev\/sda\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"env\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"env_command\"><\/span>env Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>env command<\/strong> lists all the current environment variables and used to set them as well.<\/p>\n<pre>$ env\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Learn more on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/set-unset-environment-variables-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How to Set and Unset Environment Variables in Linux<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"exit\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"exit_command\"><\/span>exit Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>exit command<\/strong> is used to exit a shell like so.<\/p>\n<pre>$ exit\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"expr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"expr_command\"><\/span>expr Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>expr command<\/strong> is used to calculate an expression as shown below.<\/p>\n<pre>$ expr 20 + 30\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"factor\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"factor_command\"><\/span>factor Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>factor command<\/strong> is used to show the prime factors of a number.<\/p>\n<pre>$ factor 10\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"find\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"find_command\"><\/span>find Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/35-practical-examples-of-linux-find-command\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">find command<\/a> lets you search for files in a directory as well as its sub-directories. It searches for files by attributes such as permissions, users, groups, file type, date, size and other possible criteria.<\/p>\n<pre>$ find \/home\/tecmint\/ -name tecmint.txt\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Learn more on how to find files in Linux:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/linux-find-command-to-search-multiple-filenames-extensions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">How to Use \u2018find\u2019 Command to Search for Multiple Filenames (Extensions)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/find-number-of-files-in-directory-subdirectories-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How to Find Number of Files in a Directory and Subdirectories<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/find-recent-modified-files-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How to Find Today\u2019s Modified Files in Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/find-and-sort-files-modification-date-and-time-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How to Find and Sort Files Based on Modified Date and Time<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/find-top-large-directories-and-files-sizes-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How to Find Top Directories and Files (Disk Space) in Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 id=\"free\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"free_command\"><\/span>free Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/check-memory-usage-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">free command<\/a> shows the system memory usage (free, used, swapped, cached, etc.) in the system including swap space. Use the<code> -h<\/code> option to display output in human friendly format.<\/p>\n<pre>$ free -h \r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Learn more on how to find memory usage in Linux.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/find-linux-processes-memory-ram-cpu-usage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Find Top Running Processes by Highest Memory and CPU Usage in Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/smem-linux-memory-usage-per-process-per-user\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Smem \u2013 Reports Memory Consumption Per-Process and Per-User Basis in Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/clear-ram-memory-cache-buffer-and-swap-space-on-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How to Clear RAM Memory Cache, Buffer and Swap Space on Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 id=\"grep\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"grep_command\"><\/span>grep Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/12-practical-examples-of-linux-grep-command\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">grep command<\/a> searches for a specified pattern in a file (or files) and displays in output lines containing that pattern as follows.<\/p>\n<pre>$ grep \u2018tecmint\u2019 domain-list.txt\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Learn more about grep command usage in Linux.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/difference-between-grep-egrep-and-fgrep-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">What\u2019s Difference Between Grep, Egrep and Fgrep in Linux?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/12-practical-examples-of-linux-grep-command\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">12 Basic Linux \u2018Grep\u2019 Command Examples in Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/linux-grep-commands-character-classes-bracket-expressions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">11 Advanced Linux \u2018Grep\u2019 Commands in Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 id=\"groups\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"groups_command\"><\/span>groups Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>groups command<\/strong> displays all the names of groups a user is a part of like this.<\/p>\n<pre>$ groups\r\n$ groups tecmint\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"gzip\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"gzip_command\"><\/span>gzip Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/increase-nginx-performance-enable-gzip-compression-module\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gzip<\/a> helps to compress a file, replaces it with one having a <code>.gz<\/code> extension as shown below:<\/p>\n<pre>$ gzip passwds.txt\r\n$ cat file1 file2 | gzip &gt; foo.gz\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"gunzip\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"gunzip_command\"><\/span>gunzip Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>gunzip<\/strong> expands or restores files compressed with <strong>gzip<\/strong> command like this.<\/p>\n<pre>$ gunzip foo.gz\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"head\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"head_command\"><\/span>head Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/view-contents-of-file-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">head command<\/a> is used to show first lines (10 lines by default) of the specified file or stdin to the screen:<\/p>\n<pre># ps -eo pid,ppid,cmd,%mem,%cpu --sort=-%mem | head \r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"history\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"history_command\"><\/span>history Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/history-command-examples\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">history command<\/a> is used to show previously used commands or to get info about command executed by a user.<\/p>\n<pre>$ history\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Learn more about Linux history command.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/history-command-examples\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Power of Linux \u201cHistory Command\u201d in Bash Shell<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/display-linux-command-history-with-date-and-time\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Set Date and Time for Each Command You Execute in Bash History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/view-yum-history-to-find-packages-info\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How to Use \u2018Yum History\u2019 to Find Out Installed\/Removed Packages Info<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 id=\"hostname\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"hostname_command\"><\/span>hostname Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/set-hostname-permanently-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hostname command<\/a> is used to print or set system hostname in Linux.<\/p>\n<pre>$ hostname\r\n$ hostname NEW_HOSTNAME\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"hostnamectl\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"hostnamectl_command\"><\/span>hostnamectl Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/set-hostname-permanently-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hostnamectl command<\/a> controls the system hostname under systemd. It is used to print or modify the system hostname and any related settings:<\/p>\n<pre>$ hostnamectl\r\n$ sudo hostnamectl set-hostname NEW_HOSTNAME\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"hwclock\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"hwclock\"><\/span>hwclock<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>hwclock<\/strong> is a tool for managing the system hardware clock; read or set the hardware clock (RTC).<\/p>\n<pre>$ sudo hwclock\r\n$ sudo hwclock --set --date 8\/06\/2017\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"hwinfo\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"hwinfo_command\"><\/span>hwinfo Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/check-linux-cpu-information\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hwinfo<\/a> is used to probe for the hardware present in a Linux system like this.<\/p>\n<pre>$ hwinfo\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Learn more about how to get Linux hardware info.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/collect-linux-system-hardware-information\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">I-Nex \u2013 An Advanced Tool to Collect System\/Hardware Information in Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/check-linux-cpu-information\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">9 Useful Tools to Get System Information in Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 id=\"id\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"id_command\"><\/span>id Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>id command<\/strong> shows user and group information for the current user or specified username as shown below.<\/p>\n<pre>$ id tecmint\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"ifconfig\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ifconfig_command\"><\/span>ifconfig Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/ifconfig-command-examples\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">ifconfig command<\/a> is used to configure a Linux systems network interfaces. It is used to configure, view and control network interfaces.<\/p>\n<pre>$ ifconfig\r\n$ sudo ifconfig eth0 up\r\n$ sudo ifconfig eth0 down\r\n$ sudo ifconfig eth0 172.16.25.125\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"ionice\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ionice_command\"><\/span>ionice Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/delete-huge-files-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ionice command<\/a> is used to set or view process I\/O scheduling class and priority of the specified process.<\/p>\n<p>If invoked without any options, it will query the current I\/O scheduling class and priority for that process:<\/p>\n<pre>$ ionice -c 3 rm \/var\/logs\/syslog\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>To understand how it works, read this article: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/delete-huge-files-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How to Delete HUGE (100-200GB) Files in Linux<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"iostat\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"iostat_command\"><\/span>iostat Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/linux-performance-monitoring-with-vmstat-and-iostat-commands\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">iostat<\/a> is used to show CPU and input\/output statistics for devices and partitions. It produces useful reports for updating system configurations to help balance the input\/output load between physical disks.<\/p>\n<pre>$ iostat \r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"ip\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ip_command\"><\/span>ip Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/ip-command-examples\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ip command<\/a> is used to display or manage routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels. It also works as a replacement for well known <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/ifconfig-command-examples\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">ifconfig command<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>This command will assign an IP address to a specific interface (eth1 in this case).<\/p>\n<pre>$ sudo ip addr add 192.168.56.10 dev eth1\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"iptables\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"iptables_command\"><\/span>iptables Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/linux-iptables-firewall-rules-examples-commands\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">iptables is a terminal based firewall<\/a> for managing incoming and outgoing traffic via a set of configurable table rules.<\/p>\n<p>The command below is used to check existing rules on a system (using it may require root privileges).<\/p>\n<pre>$ sudo iptables -L -n -v\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Learn more about iptables firewall in Linux.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/start-stop-disable-enable-firewalld-iptables-firewall\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">How to Start\/Stop and Enable\/Disable FirewallD and Iptables in Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/basic-guide-on-iptables-linux-firewall-tips-commands\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Basic Guide on IPTables (Linux Firewall) Tips \/ Commands<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/linux-firewall-iptables-interview-questions-and-answers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nishita Agarwal Shares Her Interview Experience on Linux \u2018iptables\u2019 Firewall<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 id=\"iw\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"iw_command\"><\/span>iw Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>iw command<\/strong> is used to manage wireless devices and their configuration.<\/p>\n<pre>$ iw list \r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"iwlist\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"iwlist_command\"><\/span>iwlist Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>iwlist command<\/strong> displays detailed wireless information from a wireless interface. The command below enables you to get detailed information about the <strong>wlp1s0<\/strong> interface.<\/p>\n<pre>$ iwlist wlp1s0 scanning\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"kill\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"kill_command\"><\/span>kill Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/how-to-kill-a-process-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">kill command<\/a> is used to kill a process using its PID by sending a signal to it (default signal for kill is TERM).<\/p>\n<pre>$ kill -p 2300\r\n$ kill -SIGTERM -p 2300\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"killall\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"killall_command\"><\/span>killall Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/how-to-kill-a-process-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">killall command<\/a> is used to kill a process by its name.<\/p>\n<pre>$ killall firefox\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Learn more about kill and killall command in Linux.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/how-to-kill-a-process-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How to Find and Kill Running Processes in Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/how-to-kill-a-process-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Guide to Kill, Pkill and Killall Commands to Terminate a Process<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/kill-processes-unresponsive-programs-in-ubuntu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How to Kill Processes\/Unresponsive Applications Using \u2018xkill\u2019 Command<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 id=\"kmod\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"kmod_command\"><\/span>kmod Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>kmod command<\/strong> is used to manage Linux <a href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/linux-kernel-4x-vulnerability-cve-2019-8912\/\">kernel<\/a> modules. To list all currently loaded modules, type.<\/p>\n<pre>$ kmod list\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"last\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"last_command\"><\/span>last Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>last command<\/strong> display a listing of last logged in users.<\/p>\n<pre>$ last \r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"ln\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ln_command\"><\/span>ln Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>ln command<\/strong> is used to create a soft link between files using the <code>-s<\/code> flag like this.<\/p>\n<pre>$ ln -s \/usr\/bin\/lscpu cpuinfo\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"locate\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"locate_command\"><\/span>locate Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/linux-locate-command-practical-examples\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">locate command<\/a> is used to find a file by name. The locate utility works better and faster than it\u2019s <strong>find<\/strong> counterpart.<\/p>\n<p>The command below will search for a file by its exact name (not *name*):<\/p>\n<pre>$ locate -b '\\domain-list.txt'\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"login\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"login_command\"><\/span>login Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>login command<\/strong> is used to create a new session with the system. You\u2019ll be asked to provide a username and a password to login as below.<\/p>\n<pre>$ sudo login\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"ls\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ls_command\"><\/span>ls Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/15-basic-ls-command-examples-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ls command<\/a> is used to list contents of a directory. It works more or less like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/linux-dir-command-usage-with-examples\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dir command<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The <code>-l<\/code> option enables long listing format like this.<\/p>\n<pre>$ ls -l file1\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>To know more about ls command, read our guides.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/15-basic-ls-command-examples-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">15 Basic \u2018ls\u2019 Command Examples in Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/linux-ls-command-tricks\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">7 Quirky \u2018ls\u2019 Command Tricks Every Linux User Should Know<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/sort-ls-output-by-last-modified-date-and-time\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">How to Sort Output of \u2018ls\u2019 Command By Last Modified Date and Time<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/ls-command-interview-questions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">15 Interview Questions on Linux \u201cls\u201d Command \u2013 Part 1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/ls-interview-questions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10 Useful \u2018ls\u2019 Command Interview Questions \u2013 Part 2<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 id=\"lshw\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"lshw_command\"><\/span>lshw Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/commands-to-collect-system-and-hardware-information-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lshw command<\/a> is a minimal tool to get detailed information on the hardware configuration of the machine, invoke it with superuser privileges to get a comprehensive information.<\/p>\n<pre>$ sudo lshw  \r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"lscpu\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"lscpu_command\"><\/span>lscpu Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/check-linux-cpu-information\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lscpu command<\/a> displays system\u2019s CPU architecture information (such as number of CPUs, threads, cores, sockets, and more).<\/p>\n<pre>$ lscpu\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"lsof\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"lsof_command\"><\/span>lsof Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/10-lsof-command-examples-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lsof command<\/a> displays information related to files opened by processes. Files can be of any type, including regular files, directories, block special files, character special files, executing text reference, libraries, and stream\/network files.<\/p>\n<p>To view files opened by a specific user\u2019s processes, type the command below.<\/p>\n<pre>$ lsof -u tecmint\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"lsusb\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"lsusb_command\"><\/span>lsusb Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/commands-to-collect-system-and-hardware-information-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lsusb command<\/a> shows information about USB buses in the system and the devices connected to them like this.<\/p>\n<pre>$ lsusb \r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"man\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"man_command\"><\/span>man Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>man command<\/strong> is used to view the on-line reference manual pages for commands\/programs like so.<\/p>\n<pre>$ man du\r\n$ man df\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"md5sum\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"md5sum_command\"><\/span>md5sum Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/check-verify-md5sum-packages-files-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">md5sum command<\/a> is used to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/generate-verify-check-files-md5-checksum-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">compute and print the MD5 message digest of a file<\/a>. If run without arguments, debsums checks every file on your system against the stock md5sum files:<\/p>\n<pre>$ sudo debsums\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"mkdir\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"mkdir_command\"><\/span>mkdir Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/mkdir-tar-and-kill-commands-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">mkdir command<\/a> is used to create single or more directories, if they do not already exist (this can be overridden with the <code>-p<\/code> option).<\/p>\n<pre>$ mkdir tecmint-files\r\nOR \r\n$ mkdir -p tecmint-files\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"more\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"more_command\"><\/span>more Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/linux-more-command-and-less-command-examples\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more command<\/a> enables you to view through relatively lengthy text files one screenful at a time.<\/p>\n<pre>$ more file.txt\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Check difference between <strong>more<\/strong> and <strong>less<\/strong> command and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/linux-more-command-and-less-command-examples\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Learn Why \u2018less\u2019 is Faster Than \u2018more\u2019 Command<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"mv\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"mv_command\"><\/span>mv Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>mv command<\/strong> is used to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/rename-multiple-files-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rename files or directories<\/a>. It also moves a file or directory to another location in the directory structure.<\/p>\n<pre>$ mv test.sh sysinfo.sh \r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"nano\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"nano_command\"><\/span>nano Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>nano<\/strong> is a popular small, free and friendly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/best-open-source-linux-text-editors\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">text editor for Linux<\/a>; a clone of <strong>Pico<\/strong>, the default editor included in the non-free Pine package.<\/p>\n<p>To open a file using nano, type:<\/p>\n<pre>$ nano file.txt\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"nc\/netcat\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ncnetcat_command\"><\/span>nc\/netcat Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>nc (or netcat)<\/strong> is used for performing any operation relating to TCP, UDP, or UNIX-domain sockets. It can handle both IPv4 and IPv6 for opening TCP connections, sending UDP packets, listening on arbitrary TCP and UDP ports, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/check-remote-port-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">performing port scanning<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The command below will help us see if the port 22 is open on the host 192.168.56.5.<\/p>\n<pre>$ nc -zv 192.168.1.5 22\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Learn more examples and usage on <strong>nc command<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/check-remote-port-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How to Check Remote Ports are Reachable Using \u2018nc\u2019 Command<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/transfer-files-between-two-linux-machines\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How to Transfer Files Between Computers Using \u2018nc\u2019 Command<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 id=\"netstat\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"netstat_command\"><\/span>netstat Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/20-netstat-commands-for-linux-network-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">netstat command<\/a> displays useful information concerning the Linux networking subsystem (network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships).<\/p>\n<p>This command will display all open ports on the local system:<\/p>\n<pre>$ netstat -a | more\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"nice\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"nice_command\"><\/span>nice Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>nice command<\/strong> is used to show or change the nice value of a running program. It runs specified command with an adjusted niceness. When run without any command specified, it prints the current niceness.<\/p>\n<p>The following command starts the process \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/18-tar-command-examples-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tar command<\/a>\u201d setting the \u201cnice\u201d value to 12.<\/p>\n<pre>$ nice -12 tar -czf backup.tar.bz2 \/home\/*\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"nmap\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"nmap_command\"><\/span>nmap Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/nmap-command-examples\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">nmap<\/a> is a popular and powerful open source tool for network scanning and security auditing. It was intended to quickly scan large networks, but it also works fine against single hosts.<\/p>\n<p>The command below will probe open ports on all live hosts on the specified network.<\/p>\n<pre>$ nmap -sV 192.168.56.0\/24\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"nproc\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"nproc_command\"><\/span>nproc Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>nproc command<\/strong> shows the number of processing units present to the current process. It\u2019s output may be less than the number of online processors on a system.<\/p>\n<pre>$ nproc  \r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"openssl\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"openssl_command\"><\/span>openssl Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The <strong>openssl<\/strong> is a command line tool for using the different cryptography operations of OpenSSL\u2019s crypto library from the shell. The command below will create an archive of all files in the current directory and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/encrypt-decrypt-files-tar-openssl-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">encrypt the contents of the archive<\/a> file:<\/p>\n<pre>$ tar -czf - * | openssl enc -e -aes256 -out backup.tar.gz\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"passwd\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"passwd_command\"><\/span>passwd Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>passwd command<\/strong> is used to create\/update passwords for user accounts, it can also change the account or associated password validity period. Note that normal system users may only change the password of their own account, while root may modify the password for any account.<\/p>\n<pre>$ passwd tecmint\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"pidof\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"pidof_command\"><\/span>pidof Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>pidof<\/strong> displays the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/find-process-name-pid-number-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">process ID of a running program<\/a>\/command.<\/p>\n<pre>$ pidof init\r\n$ pidof cinnamon\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"ping\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ping_command\"><\/span>ping Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>ping command<\/strong> is used to determine connectivity between hosts on a network (or the Internet):<\/p>\n<pre>$ ping google.com\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"ps\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ps_command\"><\/span>ps Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>ps shows useful information about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/linux-process-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">active processes running on a system<\/a>. The example below shows the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/find-linux-processes-memory-ram-cpu-usage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">top running processes by highest memory and CPU usage<\/a>.<\/p>\n<pre># ps -eo pid,ppid,cmd,%mem,%cpu --sort=-%mem | head\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"pstree\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"pstree_command\"><\/span>pstree Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>pstree<\/strong> displays running processes as a tree which is rooted at either PID or init if PID is omitted.<\/p>\n<pre>$ pstree\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"pwd\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"pwd_command\"><\/span>pwd Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/pwd-command-examples\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">pwd command<\/a> displays the name of current\/working directory as below.<\/p>\n<pre>$ pwd\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"rdiff-backup\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"rdiff-backup_command\"><\/span>rdiff-backup Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/rdiff-backup-remote-incremental-backup-for-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">rdiff-backup<\/a> is a powerful local\/remote incremental backup script written in Python. It works on any POSIX operating system such as Linux, Mac OS X.<\/p>\n<p>Note that for remote backups, you must install the same version of rdiff-backup on both the local and remote machines. Below is an example of a local backup command:<\/p>\n<pre>$ sudo rdiff-backup \/etc \/media\/tecmint\/Backup\/server_etc.backup\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"reboot\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"reboot_command\"><\/span>reboot Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>reboot command<\/strong> may be used to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/shutdown-poweroff-halt-and-reboot-commands-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">halt, power-off or reboot a system<\/a> as follows.<\/p>\n<pre>$ reboot\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"rename\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"rename_command\"><\/span>rename Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/rename-multiple-files-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rename command<\/a> is used to rename many files at once. If you\u2019ve a collection of files with \u201c<strong>.html<\/strong>\u201d extension and you want to rename all of them with \u201c<strong>.php<\/strong>\u201d extension, you can type the command below.<\/p>\n<pre>$ rename 's\/\\.html$\/\\.php\/' *.html\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"rm\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"rm_command\"><\/span>rm command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>rm command<\/strong> is used to remove files or directories as shown below.<\/p>\n<pre>$ rm file1\r\n$ rm -rf my-files\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"rmdir\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"rmdir_command\"><\/span>rmdir Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>rmdir command<\/strong> helps to delete\/remove empty directories as follows.<\/p>\n<pre>$ rmdir \/backup\/all\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"scp\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"scp_command\"><\/span>scp Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/scp-commands-examples\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">scp command<\/a> enables you to securely copy files between hosts on a network, for example.<\/p>\n<pre>$ scp ~\/names.txt root@192.168.56.10:\/root\/names.txt\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"shutdown\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"shutdown_command\"><\/span>shutdown Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/shutdown-poweroff-halt-and-reboot-commands-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">shutdown command<\/a> schedules a time for the system to be powered down. It may be used to halt, power-off or reboot the machine like this.<\/p>\n<pre>$ shutdown --poweroff\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Learn how to show a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/show-linux-server-shutdown-message\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Custom Message to Users Before Linux Server Shutdown<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sleep\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"sleep_command\"><\/span>sleep Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>sleep command<\/strong> is used to delay or pause (specifically execution of a command) for a specified amount of time.<\/p>\n<pre>$ check.sh; sleep 5; sudo apt update\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"sort\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"sort_command\"><\/span>sort Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/sort-command-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sort command<\/a> is used to sort lines of text in the specified file(s) or from stdin as shown below<\/p>\n<pre>$ cat words.txt\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Learn more examples of sort command in Linux.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/linux-sort-command-examples\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">7 Interesting Linux \u2018sort\u2019 Command Examples<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/sort-ls-output-by-last-modified-date-and-time\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">How to Sort Output of \u2018ls\u2019 Command By Last Modified Date and Time<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/find-and-sort-files-modification-date-and-time-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How to Find and Sort Files Based on Modification Date and Time<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 id=\"split\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"split_command\"><\/span>split Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/split-large-tar-into-multiple-files-of-certain-size\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">split<\/a> as the name suggests, is used to split a large file into small parts.<\/p>\n<pre>$ tar -cvjf backup.tar.bz2 \/home\/tecmint\/Documents\/* \r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"ssh\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ssh_command\"><\/span>ssh Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/install-openssh-server-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ssh (SSH client)<\/a> is an application for remotely accessing and running commands on a remote machine. It is designed to offer a secure encrypted communications between two untrusted hosts over an insecure network such as the Internet.<\/p>\n<pre>$ ssh tecmint@192.168.56.10\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Learn more about ssh command and how to use it on Linux.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/5-best-practices-to-secure-and-protect-ssh-server\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">5 Best Practices to Secure and Protect SSH Server<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/ssh-passwordless-login-with-putty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Configure \u201cNo Password SSH Keys Authentication\u201d with PuTTY on Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/ssh-passwordless-login-using-ssh-keygen-in-5-easy-steps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">SSH Passwordless Login Using SSH Keygen in 5 Easy Steps<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/restrict-ssh-user-to-directory-using-chrooted-jail\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">Restrict SSH User Access to Certain Directory Using Chrooted Jail<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 id=\"stat\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"stat_command\"><\/span>stat Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>stat is used to show a file or file system status like this (<code>-f<\/code> is used to specify a filesystem).<\/p>\n<pre>$ stat file1\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"su\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"su_command\"><\/span>su Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>su command<\/strong> is used to switch to another user ID or become root during a login session. Note that when <strong>su<\/strong> is invoked without a username, it defaults to becoming root.<\/p>\n<pre>$ su \r\n$ su tecmint\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"sudo\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"sudo_command\"><\/span>sudo Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/sudoers-configurations-for-setting-sudo-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sudo command<\/a> allows a permitted system user to run a command as root or another user, as defined by the security policy such as sudoers.<\/p>\n<p>In this case, the real (not effective) user ID of the user running <strong>sudo<\/strong> is used to determine the user name with which to query the security policy.<\/p>\n<pre>$ sudo apt update\r\n$ sudo useradd tecmint\r\n$ sudo passwd tecmint\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Learn more about sudo command and how to use it on Linux.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/sudoers-configurations-for-setting-sudo-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10 Useful Sudoers Configurations for Setting \u2018sudo\u2019 in Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/run-sudo-command-without-password-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How to Run \u2018sudo\u2019 Command Without Entering a Password in Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/set-sudo-password-timeout-session-longer-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">How to Keep \u2018sudo\u2019 Password Timeout Session Longer in Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 id=\"sum\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"sum_command\"><\/span>sum Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>sum command<\/strong> is used to show the checksum and block counts for each each specified file on the command line.<\/p>\n<pre>$ sum output file.txt \r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"tac\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tac_command\"><\/span>tac Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/learn-linux-cat-command-and-tac-command\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">tac command<\/a> concatenates and displays files in reverse. It simply prints each file to standard output, showing last line first.<\/p>\n<pre>$tac file.txt\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"tail\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tail_command\"><\/span>tail Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/view-contents-of-file-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tail command<\/a> is used to display the last lines (10 lines by default) of each file to standard output.<\/p>\n<p>If there more than one file, precede each with a header giving the file name. Use it as follow (specify more lines to display using <code>-n<\/code> option).<\/p>\n<pre>$ tail long-file\r\nOR\r\n$ tail -n 15 long-file\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"talk\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"talk_command\"><\/span>talk Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>talk command<\/strong> is used to talk to another system\/network user. To talk to a user on the same machine, use their login name, however, to talk to a user on another machine use \u2018user@host\u2019.<\/p>\n<pre>$ talk person [ttyname]\r\nOR\r\n$ talk\u2018user@host\u2019 [ttyname]\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"tar\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tar_command\"><\/span>tar Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/18-tar-command-examples-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tar command<\/a> is a most powerful utility for archiving files in Linux.<\/p>\n<pre>$ tar -czf home.tar.gz .\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Learn more about tar command and its usage on Linux.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/18-tar-command-examples-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">18 Tar Command Examples in Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/split-large-tar-into-multiple-files-of-certain-size\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How to Split Large \u2018tar\u2019 Archive into Multiple Files of Certain Size<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/extract-tar-files-to-specific-or-different-directory-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How to Extract Tar Files to Specific or Different Directory in Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 id=\"tee\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tee_command\"><\/span>tee Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>tee command<\/strong> is used to read from standard input and prints to standard output and files as shown below.<\/p>\n<pre>$ echo \"Testing how tee command works\" | tee file1 \r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"time\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"time_command\"><\/span>time Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>time command<\/strong> runs programs and summarizes system resource usage.<\/p>\n<pre>$ time wc \/etc\/hosts\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"top\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"top_command\"><\/span>top Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/12-top-command-examples-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">top program<\/a> displays all processes on a Linux system in regards to memory and CPU usage and provides a dynamic real-time view of a running system.<\/p>\n<pre>$ top\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"touch\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"touch_command\"><\/span>touch Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/8-pratical-examples-of-linux-touch-command\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">touch command<\/a> changes file timestamps, it can also be used to create a file as follows.<\/p>\n<pre>$ touch file.txt\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"tr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tr_command\"><\/span>tr Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>tr command<\/strong> is a useful utility used to translate (change) or delete characters from stdin, and write the result to stdout or send to a file as follows.<\/p>\n<pre>$ cat domain-list.txt | tr [:lower:] [:upper:]\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"uname\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"uname_command\"><\/span>uname Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/find-linux-kernel-version-distribution-name-version-number\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">uname command<\/a> displays system information such as operating system, network node hostname kernel name, version and release etc.<\/p>\n<p>Use the <code>-a<\/code> option to show all the system information:<\/p>\n<pre>$ uname \r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"uniq\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"uniq_command\"><\/span>uniq Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>uniq command<\/strong> displays or omits repeated lines from input (or standard input). To indicate the number of occurrences of a line, use the <code>-c<\/code> option.<\/p>\n<pre>$ cat domain-list.txt\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"uptime\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"uptime_command\"><\/span>uptime Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/find-linux-uptime-shutdown-and-reboot-time-with-tuptime\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">uptime command<\/a> shows how long the system has been running, number of logged on users and the system load averages as follows.<\/p>\n<pre>$ uptime\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"users\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"users_command\"><\/span>users Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>users command<\/strong> shows the user names of users currently logged in to the current host like this.<\/p>\n<pre>$ users\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"vim\/vi\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vimvi_command\"><\/span>vim\/vi Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/reasons-to-learn-vi-vim-editor-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vim (Vi Improved) popular text editor<\/a> on Unix-like operating systems. It can be used to edit all kinds of plain text and program files.<\/p>\n<pre>$ vim file\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Learn how to use vi\/vim editor in Linux along with some tips and tricks.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/reasons-to-learn-vi-vim-editor-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10 Reasons Why You Should Use Vi\/Vim Editor in Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/vi-editor-usage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How to Install and Use Vi\/Vim Editor in Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/python-mode-a-vim-editor-plugin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How to Save a File in Vim Editor in Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/exit-file-in-vi-vim-editor-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How to Exit a File in Vim Editor in Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/learn-vi-and-vim-editor-tips-and-tricks-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Learn Useful \u2018Vi\/Vim\u2019 Editor Tips and Tricks to Enhance Your Skills<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/how-to-use-vi-and-vim-editor-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">8 Interesting \u2018Vi\/Vim\u2019 Editor Tips and Tricks for Every Linux Administrator<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 id=\"w\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"w_command\"><\/span>w Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>w command<\/strong> displays system uptime, load averages and information about the users currently on the machine, and what they are doing (their processes) like this.<\/p>\n<pre>$ w\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"wall\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"wall_command\"><\/span>wall Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>wall command<\/strong> is used to send\/display a message to all users on the system as follows.<\/p>\n<pre>$ wall \u201cThis is TecMint \u2013 Linux How Tos\u201d\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"watch\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"watch_command\"><\/span>watch Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/run-repeat-linux-command-every-x-seconds\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">watch command<\/a> runs a program repeatedly while displaying its output on fullscreen. It can also be used to watch changes to a file\/directory. The example below shows how to watch the contents of a directory change.<\/p>\n<pre>$ watch -d ls -l\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"wc\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"wc_command\"><\/span>wc Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/wc-command-examples\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wc command<\/a> is used to display newline, word, and byte counts for each file specified, and a total for many files.<\/p>\n<pre>$ wc filename\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"wget\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"wget_command\"><\/span>wget Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/10-wget-command-examples-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"broken_link\">wget command<\/a> is a simple utility used to download files from the Web in a non-interactive (can work in the background) way.<\/p>\n<pre>$ wget -c http:\/\/ftp.gnu.org\/gnu\/wget\/wget-1.5.3.tar.gz\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"whatis\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"whatis_command\"><\/span>whatis Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/find-linux-command-description-and-location\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">whatis command<\/a> searches and shows a short or one-line manual page descriptions of the provided command name(s) as follows.<\/p>\n<pre>$ whatis wget\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"which\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"which_command\"><\/span>which Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>which command<\/strong> displays the absolute path (pathnames) of the files (or possibly links) which would be executed in the current environment.<\/p>\n<pre>$ which who\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"who\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"who_command\"><\/span>who Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>who command<\/strong> shows information about users who are currently logged in like this.<\/p>\n<pre>$ who\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"whereis\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"whereis_command\"><\/span>whereis Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/find-linux-command-description-and-location\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">whereis command<\/a> helps us locate the binary, source and manual files for commands.<\/p>\n<pre>$ whereis cat\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"xargs\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"xargs_command\"><\/span>xargs Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>xargs command<\/strong> is a useful utility for reading items from the standard input, delimited by blanks (protected with double or single quotes or a backslash) or newlines, and executes the entered command.<\/p>\n<p>The example below show xargs being used to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/copy-file-to-multiple-directories-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">copy a file to multiple directories in Linux<\/a>.<\/p>\n<pre>$ echo \/home\/aaronkilik\/test\/ \/home\/aaronkilik\/tmp | xargs -n 1 cp -v \/home\/aaronkilik\/bin\/sys_info.sh\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"yes\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"yes_command\"><\/span>yes Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>yes command<\/strong> is used to display a string repeatedly until when terminated or killed using [<code>Ctrl + C<\/code>] as follows.<\/p>\n<pre>$ yes \"This is TecMint - Linux HowTos\"\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"youtube-dl\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"youtube-dl_command\"><\/span>youtube-dl Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/install-youtube-dl-command-line-video-download-tool\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">youtube-dl<\/a> is a lightweight command-line program to download videos and also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/download-mp3-track-from-youtube-video-using-youtube-dl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">extract MP3 tracks from YouTube.com<\/a> and a few more sites.<\/p>\n<p>The command below will list available formats for the video in the provided link.<\/p>\n<pre>$ youtube-dl --list-formats https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=iR\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"zcmp\/zdiff\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"zcmpzdiff_command\"><\/span>zcmp\/zdiff Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>zcmp<\/strong> and <strong>zdiff<\/strong> minimal utilities used to compare compressed files as shown in the examples below.<\/p>\n<pre>$ zcmp domain-list.txt.zip basic_passwords.txt.zip\r\n$ zdiff domain-list.txt.zip basic_passwords.txt.zip \r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"zip\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"zip_command\"><\/span>zip Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>zip<\/strong> is a simple and easy-to-use utility used to package and compress (archive) files.<\/p>\n<pre>$ tar cf - . | zip | dd of=\/dev\/nrst0 obs=16k\r\n$ zip inarchive.zip foo.c bar.c --out outarchive.zip\r\n$ tar cf - .| zip backup -\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"zz\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1_zz\"><\/span>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 zz<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>zz \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 alias \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 fasd \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u062f . \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc cd \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u00a0 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u00a0 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\">$ zz\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u062e\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 ! \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0634\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0645 \u060c\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;2443&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;21&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;4.3&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;4.3\\\/5 (21 \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;30&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 A\u062a\u0627Z \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u060c135 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u060c \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;148&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} ({count} \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 148px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\n            4.3\/5 (21 \u0631\u0627\u06cc)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 20<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc  \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 135 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u060c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2447,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[95,207,202],"tags":[630,629,631,632,626,628,711,627,625,710,624,467],"class_list":["post-2443","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-linux","category-infra","category-os","tag-addgroup","tag-adduser","tag-agetty","tag-alias","tag-bash","tag-command","tag-linux-commands","tag-shell","tag-625","tag-710","tag-624","tag-467","review-post"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2443","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2443"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2443\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2447"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2443"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2443"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2443"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}