{"id":9294,"date":"2023-12-26T07:24:20","date_gmt":"2023-12-26T03:54:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/"},"modified":"2023-12-26T07:24:20","modified_gmt":"2023-12-26T03:54:20","slug":"%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c\" >\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%af%d8%b1%da%a9_%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87\" >\u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%da%86%d8%b1%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87_%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86_%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%da%a9%d9%86%db%8c%d9%85%d8%9f\" >\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af_%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\" >\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%87_%d8%a8%d8%a7_%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87_%d9%87%d8%a7\" >\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa_%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87_%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%87\" >\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85_%d8%b1%d8%a7_%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%b8%db%8c%d9%85_%da%a9%d9%86%db%8c%d8%af\" >\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%85%d9%86%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%af_%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%ba%db%8c%d8%b1%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84_%d8%aa%d8%ba%db%8c%db%8c%d8%b1_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\" >\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645\u062f: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\" >\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 10<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"content\"><noscript><\/p>\n<style>.lazyload-placeholder { display: none;  }<\/style>\n<p><\/noscript><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"introduction\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 <strong>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627<\/strong> \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0686\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0636\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a.  \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u063a\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645.  \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"understandingthesetdatastructure\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%af%d8%b1%da%a9_%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1_%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87\"><\/span>\u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f &#8211; \u0622\u0646 <strong>\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f<\/strong>\u060c \u0648 <strong>\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/strong>.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <em>\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/em> \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634  \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u06a9\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647:<\/strong> \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c <em>\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f!<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0636\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0636\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f <em>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0646<\/em>.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.stackabuse.com\/media\/articles\/guide-to-sets-in-python-1.png\" alt=\"\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0646\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u067e\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u061f  \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a!  \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a <em>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635<\/em>.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f (\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u062a) \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0634 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 <em>\u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f<\/em>.  \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f <em>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/em>.  \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0648 voil\u00e0\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"whyusesetsinpython\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%da%86%d8%b1%d8%a7_%d8%a7%d8%b2_%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87_%d9%87%d8%a7_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86_%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87_%da%a9%d9%86%db%8c%d9%85%d8%9f\"><\/span>\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u067e\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062c\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062c\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.  \u0632\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f <strong>\u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u06cc<\/strong> \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f.  \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 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\u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f &#8211; \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 <em>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a<\/em>.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0639\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0639\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a <strong>\u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f<\/strong>.  \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u060c deduplication \u0630\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u06cc\u0632\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f <strong>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0636\u06cc<\/strong> \u067e\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0646 <em>\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a<\/em>.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u06cc \u0633\u0631 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f <strong>\u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/strong>.  \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"creatingsetsinpython\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af_%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\"><\/span>\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0641\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>{}<\/code>.  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c <code>my_set = {1, 2, 3}<\/code> \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0641\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f <em>\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627<\/em>\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f-\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>empty_set = {}<\/code>\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <em>\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc<\/em>.  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 <code>set()<\/code> \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 &#8211; <code>empty_set = set()<\/code>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>frozenset<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>\u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0632 <code>set()<\/code> \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 <code>set()<\/code> \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">my_list = (<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>)\nunique_set = <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">set<\/span>(my_list)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(unique_set)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Outputs: {1, 2, 3, 4}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c <em>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f<\/em> \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c <em><strong>\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631<\/strong><\/em>  \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>add()<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c <code>unique_set.add(5)<\/code> \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>5<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"basicoperationswithsets\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%87_%d8%a8%d8%a7_%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87_%d9%87%d8%a7\"><\/span>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"addingelementstheaddmethod\">\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631: The <em>\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646()<\/em> \u0631\u0648\u0634<\/h4>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>add()<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">fruits = {<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"apple\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"banana\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"cherry\"<\/span>}\nfruits.add(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"date\"<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(fruits)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Outputs: {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"date\"}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"removingelementstheremovemethod\">\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631: <em>\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646()<\/em> \u0631\u0648\u0634<\/h4>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 <code>remove()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634.  \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">fruits.remove(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"banana\"<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(fruits)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Outputs: {\"apple\", \"cherry\", \"date\"}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0637 \u06a9\u0646:<\/strong> \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0646\u0634\u062f\u060c <code>remove()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0631\u062f <code>KeyError<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h4 id=\"safelyremovingelementsthediscardmethod\">Safely Removing Elements: The <em>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646()<\/em> \u0631\u0648\u0634<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c <code>discard()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <em>\u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/em> \u0648 <em>\u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/em>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">fruits.discard(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"mango\"<\/span>)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># No error, even though \"mango\" isn't in the set<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"emptyingthesettheclearmethod\">\u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647: <em>\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d ()<\/em> \u0631\u0648\u0634<\/h4>\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>clear()<\/code> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">fruits.clear()\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(fruits)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Outputs: set()<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"determiningsetsizethelenfunction\">\u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647: <em>len ()<\/em> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/h4>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062f \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>len()<\/code> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">numbers = {<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>}\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">len<\/span>(numbers))  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Outputs: 5<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"checkingmembershiptheinkeyword\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0639\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u062a: <em>\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631<\/em> \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc<\/h4>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0639\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 <code>in<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"apple\"<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> fruits:\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Apple is in the set!\"<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">else<\/span>:\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Apple is not in the set.\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"advancedsetoperations\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa_%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87_%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%87\"><\/span>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645!<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"combiningsetstheunionmethodandoperator\">\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627: <em>\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f. \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644()<\/em> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0648 <em>|<\/em> \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f &#8211; A \u0648 B. The <strong>\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f. \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/strong> \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 A \u0648 B \u0627\u0633\u062a. <em>\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0647\u0631 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/em>.  \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc!<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.stackabuse.com\/media\/articles\/guide-to-sets-in-python-2.png\" alt=\"\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0647\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>union()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0648 <code>|<\/code> \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">a = {<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>}\nb = {<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>}\ncombined_set = a.union(b)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(combined_set)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Outputs: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>|<\/code> \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">combined_set = a | b\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(combined_set)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Outputs: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"findingcommonelementstheintersectionmethodandoperator\">\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9: <em>\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639()<\/em> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0648 <em>&#038;<\/em> \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <strong>\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639<\/strong> \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 <em>\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc A \u0648 B \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f<\/em>.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u062e\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0698\u0627\u0646\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f!<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.stackabuse.com\/media\/articles\/guide-to-sets-in-python-3.png\" alt=\"\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 1 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 <code>intersection()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">common_elements = a.intersection(b)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(common_elements)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Outputs: {3}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>&amp;<\/code> \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">common_elements = a &amp; b\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(common_elements)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Outputs: {3}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"elementsinonesetbutnotinanotherthedifferencemethodandoperator\">\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631: The <em>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a()<\/em> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0648 <em>&#8211;<\/em> \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <strong>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a<\/strong> \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 A \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 B \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a <em>\u062f\u0631 A \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 B<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.stackabuse.com\/media\/articles\/guide-to-sets-in-python-4.png\" alt=\"\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 2 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c <code>difference()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">diff_elements = a.difference(b)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(diff_elements)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Outputs: {1, 2}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 <code>-<\/code> \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">diff_elements = a - b\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(diff_elements)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Outputs: {1, 2}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"checkingsubsetsandsupersetstheissubsetandissupersetmethods\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627: The <em>\u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 ()<\/em> \u0648 <em>issuperset()<\/em> \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627<\/h4>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f (\u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f)\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 <code>issubset()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">x = {<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>}\ny = {<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>}\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(x.issubset(y))  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Outputs: True<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0639\u06a9\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f (\u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f)\u060c <code>issuperset()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(y.issuperset(x))  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Outputs: True<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"setcomprehensions\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85_%d8%b1%d8%a7_%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%b8%db%8c%d9%85_%da%a9%d9%86%db%8c%d8%af\"><\/span>\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0628\u0627 \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 &#8220;\u062f\u0631\u06a9&#8221; \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">{expression <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> item <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> iterable <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> condition}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f &#8211; \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 <code>key_expr: value_expr<\/code> \u062c\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06a9<code>expression<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.  \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0632 0 \u062a\u0627 4 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">squares = {x**<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> x <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">range<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>)}\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(squares)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Outputs: {0, 1, 4, 9, 16}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a <em>\u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627<\/em> \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631  \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">numbers = (<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>)\neven_numbers = {x <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> x <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> numbers <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> x % <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span> != <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>}\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(even_numbers)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Outputs: {1, 3, 5}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u060c \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0645\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.  \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"frozensetsimmutablesetsinpython\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d9%85%d9%86%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%af_%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%87_%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c_%d8%ba%db%8c%d8%b1%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84_%d8%aa%d8%ba%db%8c%db%8c%d8%b1_%d8%af%d8%b1_%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\"><\/span>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645\u062f: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f <em>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a<\/em> &#8211; \u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f <strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631<\/strong>.  \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u0627\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f.  \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>frozenset<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0622 <code>frozenset<\/code> \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 <code>frozenset<\/code> \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f <strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646<\/strong>.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>frozenset<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.  \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f a <code>frozenset<\/code> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 <code>frozenset<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"howtocreateafrozenset\">\u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 <code>frozenset<\/code> \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>frozenset()<\/code> \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">numbers = (<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>)\nfrozen_numbers = <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">frozenset<\/span>(numbers)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(frozen_numbers)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Outputs: frozenset({1, 2, 3, 4, 5})<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>frozenset<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">frozen_numbers.add(<span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f <code>AttributeError<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">AttributeError: 'frozenset' object has no attribute 'add'\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"operationswithfrozensets\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645\u062f<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 <code>frozenset<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">a = <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">frozenset<\/span>((<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>))\nb = <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">frozenset<\/span>((<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>))\n\nunion_set = a.union(b)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(union_set)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Outputs: frozenset({1, 2, 3, 4, 5})<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"conclusion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\"><\/span>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0636\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u062d\u0644\u06cc \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u063a\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645.  \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><br \/>\n<br \/>\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 1402-12-26 07:24:03<br \/>\n<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;9294&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 (0 \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;30&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} ({count} \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 10<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a 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\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0636\u06cc 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