{"id":9661,"date":"2023-12-26T12:40:21","date_gmt":"2023-12-26T09:10:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rasanegar.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c-%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/"},"modified":"2023-12-26T12:40:21","modified_gmt":"2023-12-26T09:10:21","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c-%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c-%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c-%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c\" >\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c-%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%db%8c_%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c_%d8%b2%d9%86%d8%ac%db%8c%d8%b1%d9%87_%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a6%d9%88%d9%84%db%8c%d8%aa\" >\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c-%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%db%8c_%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c_%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86\" >\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c-%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%db%8c_%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c_iterator\" >\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc Iterator<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c-%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%db%8c_%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c_%d9%85%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%ac%db%8c\" >\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u062c\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c-%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%db%8c_%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c_%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%af%da%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c\" >\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c-%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%db%8c_%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c_%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b8%d8%b1\" >\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c-%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%db%8c_%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c_%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d8%aa%db%8c\" >\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c-%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%db%8c_%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c_%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa%da%98%db%8c\" >\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c-%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%db%8c_%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c_%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%d8%af%db%8c%d8%af_%da%a9%d9%86%d9%86%d8%af%d9%87\" >\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/rasanegaar.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c-%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\" >\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 14<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"content\"><noscript><\/p>\n<style>.lazyload-placeholder { display: none;  }<\/style>\n<p><\/noscript><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"introduction\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0628\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f &#8211; <em>\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a <em>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621<\/em>.  \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f. <em>\u0633\u0633\u062a \u062c\u0641\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/em>.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-note\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 mr-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u062a\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f. <em>\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#chainofresponsibilitydesignpattern\" class=\"broken_link\">\u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#commanddesignpattern\" class=\"broken_link\">\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#iteratordesignpattern\" class=\"broken_link\">\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06af\u0631<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mediatordesignpattern\" class=\"broken_link\">\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u062c\u06cc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mementodesignpattern\" class=\"broken_link\">\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#observerdesignpattern\" class=\"broken_link\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#statedesignpattern\" class=\"broken_link\">\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#strategydesignpattern\" class=\"broken_link\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#visitordesignpattern\" class=\"broken_link\">\u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"chainofresponsibilitydesignpattern\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%db%8c_%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c_%d8%b2%d9%86%d8%ac%db%8c%d8%b1%d9%87_%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a6%d9%88%d9%84%db%8c%d8%aa\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f.  \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644.  \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.  \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u062f\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0633\u062f\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0648\u06cc if-else \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">handle_issue<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">issue_type, issue_details<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> issue_type == <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"payment\"<\/span>:\n        <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># direct to payment specialist<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">elif<\/span> issue_type == <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"shipping\"<\/span>:\n        <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># direct to shipping specialist<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># ... and so on for every type of issue<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <em>\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a<\/em> \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0647 (\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc) \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f (\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc) \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">SupportAgent<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, specialty, next_agent=<span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span><\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.specialty = specialty\n        self.next_agent = next_agent\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">handle_issue<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, issue_type, issue_details<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> issue_type == self.specialty:\n            <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># handle the issue<\/span>\n            <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">f\"Handled <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{issue_type}<\/span> issue by <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{self.specialty}<\/span> specialist.\"<\/span>)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">elif<\/span> self.next_agent:\n            self.next_agent.handle_issue(issue_type, issue_details)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">else<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Issue couldn't be handled.\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0633\u067e\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Create a chain of agents<\/span>\npayment_agent = SupportAgent(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"payment\"<\/span>)\nshipping_agent = SupportAgent(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"shipping\"<\/span>, payment_agent)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Raise an issue<\/span>\nshipping_agent.handle_issue(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"payment\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Payment declined.\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">Handled payment issue by payment specialist.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"commanddesignpattern\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%db%8c_%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c_%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0686\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u062e\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f.  \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0686\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">SmartHome<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">turn_on_light<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># logic to turn on the light<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u067e\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u062d\u062c\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <em>\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/em> \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u062f.  \u0622\u06cc \u062a\u06cc <em>\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u067e\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/em>\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0641 \u0648 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0634\u06cc\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u06cc\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c a \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <em>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/em> \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 <code>execute()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634.  \u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>execute()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> abc <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> ABC, abstractmethod\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Command interface<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Command<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">ABC<\/span>):<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">    @abstractmethod<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">execute<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">pass<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Concrete command<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">LightOnCommand<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">Command<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, light<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.light = light\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">execute<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.light.turn_on()\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Light<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">turn_on<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Light is ON\"<\/span>)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Invoker<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">SmartHome<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, command<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.command = command\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">press_button<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.command.execute()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0686\u0631\u0627\u063a\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0686\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0686\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0686\u0631\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>press_button()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0632 <code>home<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u067e\u0648\u062a \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">light = Light()\nlight_on = LightOnCommand(light)\nhome = SmartHome(light_on)\nhome.press_button()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">Light is ON\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <em>\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"iteratordesignpattern\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%db%8c_%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c_iterator\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc Iterator<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647.  \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0637\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">BookCollection<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.books = ()\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">add_book<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, book<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.books.append(book)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f <code>books<\/code> \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">library = BookCollection()\nlibrary.add_book(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"The Great Gatsby\"<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># To traverse, we're exposing the `library.books`<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> book <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> library.books:\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(book)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a!  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f <code>books<\/code> \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <em>\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/em> \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f <em>\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0634\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0622\u0646<\/em>.  \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0632\u0627 \u06a9\u067e\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 (<code>__iter__()<\/code> \u0648 <code>__next__()<\/code> \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">BookCollection<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self._books = ()\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">add_book<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, book<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self._books.append(book)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__iter__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> BookIterator(self)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">BookIterator<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, book_collection<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self._book_collection = book_collection\n        self._index = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__iter__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> self\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__next__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> self._index &lt; <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">len<\/span>(self._book_collection._books):\n            book = self._book_collection._books(self._index)\n            self._index += <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> book\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise<\/span> StopIteration\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0634\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f <code>library<\/code> \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">library = BookCollection()\nlibrary.add_book(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"The Great Gatsby\"<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># To traverse:<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> book <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> library:\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(book)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">The Great Gatsby\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 <em>\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06af\u0631<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u060c \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc <code>BookCollection<\/code> \u067e\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u06a9\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"mediatordesignpattern\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%db%8c_%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c_%d9%85%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%ac%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u062c\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 (UI) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0648 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">TextField<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.content = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\"<\/span>\n        self.button = <span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">set_content<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, content<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.content = content\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> self.content:\n            self.button.enable()\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">else<\/span>:\n            self.button.disable()\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Button<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">enable<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Button enabled\"<\/span>)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">disable<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Button disabled\"<\/span>)\n\ntextfield = TextField()\nbutton = Button()\ntextfield.button = button\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u060c <code>TextField<\/code> \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>Button<\/code>\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 <em>\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/em>.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <em>\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u062c\u06cc<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <em>\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f<\/em>.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u062c\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u0634\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062c \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc Mediator \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Mediator<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.textfield = TextField(self)\n        self.button = Button(self)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">notify<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, sender, event<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> sender == <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"textfield\"<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">and<\/span> event == <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"content_changed\"<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> self.textfield.content:\n                self.button.enable()\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">else<\/span>:\n                self.button.disable()\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">TextField<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, mediator<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.content = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\"<\/span>\n        self.mediator = mediator\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">set_content<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, content<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.content = content\n        self.mediator.notify(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"textfield\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"content_changed\"<\/span>)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Button<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, mediator<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.mediator = mediator\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">enable<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Button enabled\"<\/span>)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">disable<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Button disabled\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>Mediator<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0646\u06cc:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">ui_mediator = Mediator()\nui_mediator.textfield.set_content(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Hello\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f <code>Button<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">Button enabled\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u062f\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc Mediator \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0646\u06af\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f <code>Mediator<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u062c\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0632\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"mementodesignpattern\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%db%8c_%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c_%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%af%da%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f.  \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a <em>\u0644\u063a\u0648 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646<\/em> \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u00ab\u0644\u063a\u0648\u00bb \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0634\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.  \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">TextEditor<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.content = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\"<\/span>\n        self.previous_content = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\"<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">write<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, text<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.previous_content = self.content\n        self.content += text\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">undo<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.content = self.previous_content\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a &#8211; \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <em>\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0636 \u06a9\u067e\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646.  \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc Memento \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f <code>Memento<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u062f getter \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f <code>write()<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0632 <code>TextEditor<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 <em>\u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/em> \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Memento<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, state<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self._state = state\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">get_saved_state<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> self._state\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">TextEditor<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self._content = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\"<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">write<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, text<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> Memento(self._content)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Save the current state before changing<\/span>\n        self._content += text\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">restore<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, memento<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self._content = memento.get_saved_state()\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__str__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> self._content\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">editor = TextEditor()\neditor.write(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Hello, \"<\/span>)\nmemento1 = editor.write(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"world!\"<\/span>)\neditor.write(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\" How are you?\"<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(editor)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645 <code>TextEditor<\/code> \u0634\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u060c \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">Hello, world! How are you?\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645 <code>memento1<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0644\u063a\u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>\"How are you?\"<\/code> \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">editor.restore(memento1)\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(editor)  \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>\"How are you?\"<\/code> \u0628\u062e\u0634:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">Hello, world!\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c <code>TextEditor<\/code> \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0634\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0645\u06cc \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f undo \u0648 redo \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"observerdesignpattern\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%db%8c_%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c_%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b8%d8%b1\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc.  \u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0627 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631) \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 <em>\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/em>\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">WeatherData<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.temperature = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>\n        self.humidity = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>\n        self.pressure = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>\n        self.current_display = CurrentConditionsDisplay()\n        self.stats_display = StatisticsDisplay()\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">measurements_changed<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.current_display.update(self.temperature, self.humidity, self.pressure)\n        self.stats_display.update(self.temperature, self.humidity, self.pressure)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c <code>WeatherData<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0634\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <em>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f <em>\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f<\/em> \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627\u060c <code>WeatherData<\/code> \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> abc <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> ABC, abstractmethod\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Observer &amp; Subject interfaces<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Observer<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">ABC<\/span>):<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">    @abstractmethod<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">update<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, temperature, humidity, pressure<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">pass<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Subject<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">ABC<\/span>):<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">    @abstractmethod<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">register_observer<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, observer<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">pass<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">    @abstractmethod<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">remove_observer<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, observer<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">pass<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">    @abstractmethod<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">notify_observers<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">pass<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Concrete implementations<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">WeatherData<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">Subject<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.observers = ()\n        self.temperature = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>\n        self.humidity = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>\n        self.pressure = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">register_observer<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, observer<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.observers.append(observer)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">remove_observer<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, observer<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.observers.remove(observer)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">notify_observers<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> observer <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> self.observers:\n            observer.update(self.temperature, self.humidity, self.pressure)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">measurements_changed<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.notify_observers()\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">set_measurements<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, temperature, humidity, pressure<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.temperature = temperature\n        self.humidity = humidity\n        self.pressure = pressure\n        self.measurements_changed()\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">CurrentConditionsDisplay<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">Observer<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">update<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, temperature, humidity, pressure<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">f\"Current conditions: <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{temperature}<\/span>\u00b0C and <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{humidity}<\/span>% humidity\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Running the code<\/span>\nweather_data = WeatherData()\ncurrent_display = CurrentConditionsDisplay()\nweather_data.register_observer(current_display)\n\nweather_data.set_measurements(<span class=\"hljs-number\">25<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">65<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">1012<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">Current conditions: 25\u00b0C and 65% humidity\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 <code>WeatherData<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"statedesignpattern\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%db%8c_%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c_%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d8%aa%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.  \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u00ab\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u06a9\u0647\u00bb\u060c \u00ab\u0633\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u00bb\u060c \u00ab\u0641\u0631\u0648\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u00bb \u0648 \u00ab\u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u00bb.  \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 <code>if-else<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u067e\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">VendingMachine<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.state = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"No Coin\"<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">insert_coin<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> self.state == <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"No Coin\"<\/span>:\n            self.state = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Has Coin\"<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">elif<\/span> self.state == <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Has Coin\"<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Coin already inserted.\"<\/span>)\n        <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># ... other states<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>VendingMachine<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u067e\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <em>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u067e\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc State\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u067e\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> abc <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> ABC, abstractmethod\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># State interface<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">State<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">ABC<\/span>):<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">    @abstractmethod<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">insert_coin<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">pass<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">    @abstractmethod<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">eject_coin<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">pass<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">    @abstractmethod<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">dispense<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">pass<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Concrete states<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">NoCoinState<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">State<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">insert_coin<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Coin accepted.\"<\/span>)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Has Coin\"<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">eject_coin<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"No coin to eject.\"<\/span>)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"No Coin\"<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">dispense<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Insert coin first.\"<\/span>)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"No Coin\"<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">HasCoinState<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">State<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">insert_coin<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Coin already inserted.\"<\/span>)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Has Coin\"<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">eject_coin<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Coin returned.\"<\/span>)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"No Coin\"<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">dispense<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Product dispensed.\"<\/span>)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"No Coin\"<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Context<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">VendingMachine<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.state = NoCoinState()\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">insert_coin<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.state = self.state.insert_coin()\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">eject_coin<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.state = self.state.eject_coin()\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">dispense<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.state = self.state.dispense()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Running the code<\/span>\nmachine = VendingMachine()\nmachine.insert_coin()\nmachine.dispense()\nmachine.eject_coin()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0633 \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">Coin accepted.\nProduct dispensed.\nNo coin to eject.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"strategydesignpattern\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%db%8c_%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c_%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa%da%98%db%8c\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u06cc\u0641 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0641\u06cc\u0641 &#8220;\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062c\u0634\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0641\u06cc\u0641 &#8220;\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f&#8221; \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u062e\u0641\u06cc\u0641 &#8220;\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc&#8221; \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.  \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>if-else<\/code> \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u06cc\u0641 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0648\u0639.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u06cc\u0641\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Order<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, total, discount_type<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.total = total\n        self.discount_type = discount_type\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">final_price<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> self.discount_type == <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Festive Sale\"<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> self.total * <span class=\"hljs-number\">0.9<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">elif<\/span> self.discount_type == <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"New User\"<\/span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> self.total * <span class=\"hljs-number\">0.95<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># ... other discount types<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f <code>Order<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062e\u0641\u06cc\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <em>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 (\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0641\u06cc\u0641\u200c\u0647\u0627)\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0647\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u062d\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u06cc\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0622\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.  \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u06cc\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> abc <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> ABC, abstractmethod\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Strategy interface<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">DiscountStrategy<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">ABC<\/span>):<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">    @abstractmethod<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">apply_discount<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, total<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">pass<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Concrete strategies<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">FestiveSaleDiscount<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">DiscountStrategy<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">apply_discount<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, total<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> total * <span class=\"hljs-number\">0.9<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">NewUserDiscount<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">DiscountStrategy<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">apply_discount<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, total<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> total * <span class=\"hljs-number\">0.95<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Context<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Order<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, total, discount_strategy<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.total = total\n        self.discount_strategy = discount_strategy\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">final_price<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> self.discount_strategy.apply_discount(self.total)\n\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645!  \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u06cc\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062c\u0634\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Running the code<\/span>\norder1 = Order(<span class=\"hljs-number\">100<\/span>, FestiveSaleDiscount())\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(order1.final_price())\n\norder2 = Order(<span class=\"hljs-number\">100<\/span>, NewUserDiscount())\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(order2.final_price())\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0686\u0627\u067e \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f <code>90.0<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062c\u0634\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u06cc\u0641\u060c \u0648 <code>95.0<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"visitordesignpattern\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d9%84%da%af%d9%88%db%8c_%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%db%8c_%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%d8%af%db%8c%d8%af_%da%a9%d9%86%d9%86%d8%af%d9%87\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f <em>\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0632\/\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/em>\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Circle<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, radius<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.radius = radius\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">area<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># compute area for circle<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <em>\u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637) \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0632\/\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> abc <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> ABC, abstractmethod\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Element interface<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Shape<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">ABC<\/span>):<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">    @abstractmethod<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">accept<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, visitor<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">pass<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Concrete elements<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Circle<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">Shape<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, radius<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.radius = radius\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">accept<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, visitor<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> visitor.visit_circle(self)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Rectangle<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">Shape<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">__init__<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, width, height<\/span>):<\/span>\n        self.width = width\n        self.height = height\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">accept<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, visitor<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> visitor.visit_rectangle(self)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Visitor interface<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">ShapeVisitor<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">ABC<\/span>):<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">    @abstractmethod<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">visit_circle<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, circle<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">pass<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">    @abstractmethod<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">visit_rectangle<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, rectangle<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">pass<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Concrete visitor<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">AreaVisitor<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">ShapeVisitor<\/span>):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">visit_circle<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, circle<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-number\">3.14<\/span> * circle.radius * circle.radius\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">visit_rectangle<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, rectangle<\/span>):<\/span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> rectangle.width * rectangle.height\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Running the code<\/span>\ncircle = Circle(<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>)\nrectangle = Rectangle(<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>)\narea_visitor = AreaVisitor()\n\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(circle.accept(area_visitor))\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print<\/span>(rectangle.accept(area_visitor))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs\">78.5\n24\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"conclusion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%86%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ac%d9%87\"><\/span>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c 9 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0632 <em>\u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a<\/em>\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <em>\u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u062d\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><br \/>\n<br \/>\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 1402-12-26 12:40:03<br \/>\n<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;9661&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 (0 \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;30&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} ({count} \u0631\u0627\u06cc)&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 14<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0647 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